Alert archive / New York / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2002
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 29, NWS Albany, NY
NWS Albany, NY issued this severe thunderstorm warning at May 31, 2002, 5:01 PM EDT for Schoharie County, New York. It was in force for 59 min. 3 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The counties it named, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- May 31, 2002, 5:01 PM EDT (21:01 UTC)
- Expired
- May 31, 2002, 6:00 PM EDT
- In force
- 59 min
- Issued by
- NWS Albany, NY
- Area
- Whole counties
County Schoharie County, NY
The radar
The Albany radar (KENX), 31 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 21:03 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| May 31, 5:10 PM EDT | Thunderstorm Wind | Cobleskill, NY | |
| May 31, 5:10 PM EDT | Thunderstorm Wind | Richmondville, NY | |
| May 31, 5:15 PM EDT | Thunderstorm Wind | Middleburg, NY |
NCEI Storm Data entries that began inside the alert's area while it was in force. Before 2003 the local storm report archive is thin, so this is the record of what happened rather than what was phoned in.
The watch it was issued in
The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.
| Issued | Product | Office | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|
| May 31, 2:00 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 5 hr |
The nearest sounding before it
Albany, NY (KALY), launched 12:00Z, 9.0 hours before the alert went out and 51 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 59 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -161 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 835 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 30 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 138 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 141 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
764 WUUS51 KALY 312101 SVRALY NYC095-312200- BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBANY NY 501 PM EDT FRI MAY 31 2002 THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN ALBANY HAS ISSUED A * SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR... NORTHERN SCHOHARIE COUNTY IN EASTERN NEW YORK * UNTIL 600 PM EDT * AT 458 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM NEAR COBLESKILL...MOVING EAST AT 45 MPH. * THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR... SCHOHARIE AND CENTRAL BRIDGE AT 510 PM EDT ESPERANCE AT 515 PM EDT THIS IS A DANGEROUS STORM. IF YOU ARE IN ITS PATH YOU SHOULD PREPARE FOR DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 55 MPH...LARGE HAIL...AND VERY HEAVY RAIN. PEOPLE OUTSIDE SHOULD MOVE TO A SUBSTANTIAL SHELTER NOW. $$ LAT...LON 4276 7462 4258 7461 4255 7426 4277 7426
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Albany, NY wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at May 31, 3:54 PM EDT, 1 hour 7 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, May 31, 3:54 PM EDT, 1 hour 7 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBANY NY 355 PM AM EDT FRI MAY 31 2002 WORKZONES AVAILABLE. ZONES OUT THE DOOR BY 4. .DISC...ITS DEJA-VOUS...FROM 4 YEARS AGO THOUGH WE WILL MAY NOT ISSUE WELL OVER 40 WARNINGS LIKE THAT DAY...WE HAVE ALREADY ISSUE 19 WARNINGS...WITH MANY OF THEM VERIFYING WITH WIND AND HAIL. (SEE THE LATEST ALBLSRALY FOR ALL THE DETAILS). THERE MIGHT BE A SECOND ROUND OF SVR AS ANOTHER SERIES OF LINES ARE STILL FIRING UP AHEAD OF THE REAL FRONT WHICH IS ONLY NOW ENTERING WRN NY STATE. WILL OBVIOUSLY INCLUDE AN EARLY UPDATE TO INCLUDE ONGOING WX. MODELS ALL INDICATE THAT THE ACTIVITY SHOULD BE OVER BY 8PM...JUST AS THE TONIGHT PERIOD REALLY GETS GOING. THE FRONT SHOULD BE CROSSING THE REGION BY THEN...WITH ALL THE ENERGY AND LIFT EXITING THE REGION TO THE SE. EXPECT A QUIET NIGHT WITH CLEARING AND LOWERING HUMIDITY AS THE WIND SHIFTS INTO THE W AND PICKS UP. THE WEEKEND WILL FEATURE DRIER WX (FOR A CHANGE). HOWEVER...ANOTHER COLD FRONT...FROM THE STILL MOSTLY FROZEN WATERS OF THE HUDSON BAY REGION WILL SLIP SOUTH BY LATE IN THE DAY/EVENING HOURS ON SAT. THE MESO-ETA GIVES A CAPE UP TO NEARLY 500 J/KG N OF KALB BY THE AFTERNOON...AND AT LEAST 300 ELSEWHERE. DIVERGENCE WITH THE RFQ OF THE UPPER JETLET WILL SKIM ACROSS OUR NRN SXNS BY LATE IN THE DAY. HAVE DECIDED TO INCLUDE A CHC TSRA/SHRA LATE IN THE NORTHERN ZONES BUT WILL KEEP THEM OUT FROM KALB SWD. (THE DIFFERENCE IN POPS BETWEEN THE MAV AND FWC ARE NEARLY 50...WITH THE MAVS HIGH). BELIEVE ANY STORMS THAT DO DEVELOP FROM THE CD ON SOUTHWARD WILL BE ISOLATED IN THE 20 PERCENT RANGE...AND NOT WORTH MENTIONING ATTM. WILL CONFINE A CHC OF SHRAS/TSRA FOR THE EVENING HOURS ONLY ON SAT AS THE ATMOSPHERE STABILIZES LATER ON. NO LIFT LEFT...AND SOME DRYING...SO WILL FORECAST DRY FOR OVERNIGHT. H8 TEMPS PROGGED TO DROP TO ABOUT 3C BY SUNDAY PM...QUITE UNSEASONABLY COOL FOR THE TIME OF YEAR. AM CONCERN THERE WILL LOTS OF SC (AND POSSIBLE MOUNTAIN SHOWERS) FOR SUNDAY...BUT WILL CONTINUE TO KEEP DRY WITH A PARTLY TO MOSTLY SUNNY SKY. UA FLOW LOOKS SOMEWHAT ZONAL AS WE HEAD INTO NEXT WEEK. THE FLOW ACTUALLY REMAINS WNW ENOUGH TO POSSIBLY KEEP NEXT SHORT WAVE TO THE SOUTH...BUT WILL KEEP CHC FROM ABOUT KALB SOUTH SINCE THERE IS STILL SOME UNCERTAINTY. UNCERTAINTY IS DEFINITELY THERE CONCERNING THE FOLLOWING SHORT WAVE FOR LATER TUE/WED...BUT AGAIN WILL CONFINE S...WHILE THE THIRD ONE COULD BRING PCPN EVERYWHERE LATER IN THE WEEK. NO HEAT WAVES ARE IN THE OFFING...TEMPS WILL RETURN TO SLIGHTLY BELOW SEASONABLE LEVELS DURING THIS TIME FRAME. .HYDROLOGICAL STATUS...KENX RADAR SHOWS STORM TOTALS TO BE MAX OUT ABOUT 2 INCHES ACROSS THE MOHAWK VALLEY WITH LESSER AMOUNTS ELSEWHERE. TOTALS MIGHT BE SOMEWHAT HAIL CONTAMINATED. EITHER WAY...STORMS HAVE BEEN MOVING QUICKLY (UP TO 50 MPH) AND RAINFALL THUS FAR HAS NOT BEEN THE MAIN PROBLEM. WILL HAVE TO KEEP AN EYE ON THE SECOND BATCH WHICH MIGHT DELIVERY UP TO AN INCH OR 2 MORE RAINFALL BUT ANY ANY FLOODING THAT MIGHT OCCUR WITH THE NEXT LINE WOULD BE EXTREMELY LOCALIZED AND NOT WARRANTED A FFA AT THIS TIME. .ALY...SVR THUNDERSTORM WATCH FOR ALL ZONES UNTIL 7 OR 8 EDT.
In the hours before
Special weather statement, May 31, 4:08 PM EDT, 53 minutes before
MAZ001-312045- SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBANY NY 408 PM EDT FRI MAY 31 2002 ...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS IN BERKSHIRE COUNTY... AT 407 PM EDT DOPPLER WEATHER RADAR INDICATED A LINE OF STRONG THUNDERSTORMS EXTENDING FROM WILLIAMSTOWN TO 3 MILES SOUTHWEST OF NEW LEBANON...OR 6 MILES WEST OF NORTH ADAMS 9 MILES WEST OF PITTSFIELD...MOVING EAST AT 45 MPH. THESE THUNDERSTORMS...CAPABLE OF PRODUCING...WIND GUSTS IN EXCESS OF 40 MPH...POSSIBLE SMALL HAIL...AND HEAVY RAIN...WILL BE NEAR... PITTSFIELD AND CHESHIRE AT 415 PM EDT... FLORIDA AND DALTON AT 420 PM EDT... SAVOY AT 425 PM EDT... EAST WINDSOR AT 430 PM EDT... A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH ALSO REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 800 PM EDT FRIDAY EVENING FOR WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS AND SOUTHERN VERMONT. WASULA/CEMPA
Local storm report, May 31, 4:16 PM EDT, 45 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBANY NY
416 PM EDT FRI MAY 31 2002
TIME(EDT) .....CITY LOCATION..... STATE ...EVENT/REMARKS...
....COUNTY LOCATION....
0115 PM ILION NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 HERKIMER NUMEROUS TREE LIMBS DOWN.
ILION DPW.
0155 PM JOHNSTOWN NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 FULTON PART OF ROOF BLOWN OFF AT
HOLIDAY INN AT JOHNSTOWN
0155 PM GLOVERSVILLE NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 FULTON POWER LINES AND TREES DOWN
0155 PM JOHNSTOWN NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 FULTON POWERLINES AND TREES DOWN
0223 PM NEW PALTZ NY 1.75 INCH HAIL
05/31/02 ULSTER GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL
0224 PM SARATOGA SPGS NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 SARATOGA NUMEROUS TREES DOWN
0224 PM FT ANN NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 WASHINGTON TREES DOWN
0229 PM GLENS FALLS NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 WARREN TREES DOWN
0229 PM WHITEHALL NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 WASHINGTON TREES DOWN
0230 PM FT JOHNSON NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 MONTGOMERY NUMEROUS TREES AND WIRES
DOWN...ROADS CLOSED
0255 PM ROTTERDAM NY 60 MPH TSTM GUST
05/31/02 SCHENECTADY MEASURED WIND 55 TO 60 MPH
0320 PM HOOSICK NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 RENSSELAER TREES AND WIRES DOWN
0325 PM SALT PT NY .75 INCH HAIL
05/31/02 DUTCHESS DIME SIZE HAIL REPORTED
0358 PM GOSHEN CT .75 INCH HAIL
05/31/02 LITCHFIELD DIME SIZE HAIL REPORTED
0400 PM BAKERSVILLE CT .75 INCH HAIL
05/31/02 LITCHFIELD DIME SIZE HAIL REPORTED
0410 PM TORRINGTON CT 1 INCH HAIL
05/31/02 LITCHFIELD QUARTER SIZE HAIL REPORTED
0415 PM CORNWALL CT .75 INCH HAIL
05/31/02 LITCHFIELD DIME SIZE HAIL REPORTED
NNNNLocal storm report, May 31, 4:32 PM EDT, 29 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBANY NY
432 PM EDT FRI MAY 31 2002
TIME(EDT) .....CITY LOCATION..... STATE ...EVENT/REMARKS...
....COUNTY LOCATION....
0115 PM ILION NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 HERKIMER NUMEROUS TREE LIMBS DOWN.
ILION DPW.
0155 PM JOHNSTOWN NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 FULTON PART OF ROOF BLOWN OFF AT
HOLIDAY INN AT JOHNSTOWN
0155 PM GLOVERSVILLE NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 FULTON POWER LINES AND TREES DOWN
0155 PM JOHNSTOWN NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 FULTON POWERLINES AND TREES DOWN
0223 PM NEW PALTZ NY 1.75 INCH HAIL
05/31/02 ULSTER GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL
0224 PM SARATOGA SPGS NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 SARATOGA NUMEROUS TREES DOWN
0224 PM FT ANN NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 WASHINGTON TREES DOWN
0229 PM GLENS FALLS NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 WARREN TREES DOWN
0229 PM WHITEHALL NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 WASHINGTON TREES DOWN
0230 PM FT JOHNSON NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 MONTGOMERY NUMEROUS TREES AND WIRES
DOWN...ROADS CLOSED
0255 PM ROTTERDAM NY 60 MPH TSTM GUST
05/31/02 SCHENECTADY MEASURED WIND 55 TO 60 MPH
0320 PM HOOSICK NY WIND DAMAGE
05/31/02 RENSSELAER TREES AND WIRES DOWN
0325 PM SALT PT NY .75 INCH HAIL
05/31/02 DUTCHESS DIME SIZE HAIL REPORTED
0358 PM GOSHEN CT .75 INCH HAIL
05/31/02 LITCHFIELD DIME SIZE HAIL REPORTED
0400 PM BAKERSVILLE CT .75 INCH HAIL
05/31/02 LITCHFIELD DIME SIZE HAIL REPORTED
0405 PM BAKERSVILLE CT 1 INCH HAIL
05/31/02 LITCHFIELD 1 HAIL REPORTED
0410 PM TORRINGTON CT 1 INCH HAIL
05/31/02 LITCHFIELD QUARTER SIZE HAIL REPORTED
0415 PM CORNWALL CT .75 INCH HAIL
05/31/02 LITCHFIELD DIME SIZE HAIL REPORTED
NNNN
KOLECISpecial weather statement, May 31, 4:42 PM EDT, 19 minutes before
NYZ063-064-312130- SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBANY NY 442 PM EDT FRI MAY 31 2002 ...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM IN ULSTER COUNTY... AT 441 PM EDT DOPPLER WEATHER RADAR INDICATED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM 3 MILES WEST OF KERHONKSON...OR 6 MILES NORTH OF ELLENVILLE...MOVING EAST AT 30 MPH. THIS THUNDERSTORM...CAPABLE OF PRODUCING...WIND GUSTS IN EXCESS OF 40 MPH...POSSIBLE SMALL HAIL...AND HEAVY RAIN...WILL BE NEAR... MOHONK LAKE AT 455 PM EDT... ROSENDALE AND NEW PALTZ AT 500 PM EDT... TILLSON AND BLOOMINGTON AT 505 PM EDT... HIGHLAND AND PORT EWEN AT 510 PM EDT... RAINFALL AMOUNTS FROM THIS THUNDERSTORM WILL BE AROUND A QUARTER TO A HALF INCH AN HOUR. A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 700 PM EDT FRIDAY EVENING FOR EASTERN NEW YORK. WASULA/CEMPA
Special weather statement, May 31, 4:43 PM EDT, 18 minutes before
NYZ065-066-312130- SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBANY NY 443 PM EDT FRI MAY 31 2002 ...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM IN DUTCHESS COUNTY... AT 443 PM EDT DOPPLER WEATHER RADAR INDICATED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM 2 MILES SOUTH OF PLEASANT VALLEY...OR 6 MILES EAST OF POUGHKEEPSIE... MOVING EAST AT 40 MPH. THIS THUNDERSTORM...CAPABLE OF PRODUCING...WIND GUSTS IN EXCESS OF 40 MPH...POSSIBLE SMALL HAIL...AND HEAVY RAIN...WILL BE NEAR... MILLBROOK AT 450 PM EDT... DOVER PLAINS AT 455 PM EDT... AMENIA AT 500 PM EDT... A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 700 PM EDT FRIDAY EVENING FOR EASTERN NEW YORK. WASULA/CEMPA
Local storm report, May 31, 4:50 PM EDT, 11 minutes before
NEW YORK STATEWIDE POLICE INFORMATION NETWORK
TROOP G
0447PM FRI MAY 31 2002
2 0000002 000
GFSO WLSR QHQT QTRF APTS WAPT
01383 FILE 28 FULTON CO SHERIFF NY0170000 MAY 31-02
TO NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE
COPY SEMO DUTY OFFICER
THUNDERSTORM/HIGH WIND REPORT
COUNTY(S) AFFECTED: FULTON
LOCATION (INCLUDING TOWN AND NEAREST ROAD): TOWN OF CAROGA, TOWN OF BLEECKER,
CITY OF JOHNSTOWN, GLOVERSVILLE TOWN OF MAYFIELD
DATE AND TIME CONDITION STARTED: 05-31-02 4:35
EXTENT OF DAMAGE OR AREAS IN DANGER: TREES DOWN AGAIN, POWER LINES DOWN,
STRUCTURES AFFECTED
CHECK ONE:
HAIL SIZE REPORTED
( ) - NO HAIL REPORTED ( ) - LESS THAN 1/2 (PEA)
(X) - 1/2 (MARBLE) ( ) - 1/2 TO 3/4 (PENNY)
( ) - 3/4 TO 1 (DIME) ( ) - 1.25 (HALF DOLLAR)
( ) - 1.50 (WALNUT) ( ) - 1.75 (GOLFBALL)
( ) - 2.00 (HENS EGG) ( ) - 2.50 (TENNISBALL)
( ) - 2.75 (BASEBALL) ( ) - 3.00 (TEA CUP)
( ) - 4.00 (GRAPEFRUIT) ( ) - 4.50 (SOFTBALL)
NUMBER KILLED: NUMBER INJURED:
CHECK ONE OR MORE AS APPLICABLE:
LIGHTNING REPORTED AS ( ) - CLOUD TO CLOUD (X) - CLOUD TO GROUND
LIGHTNING DAMAGE TO: (X) - TREES
(X) - POWER/TELCO POLES (X) - POWER/TELCO LINES
( ) - COMM. BUILDINGS (X) - PRIVATE HOMES
(X) - OUT/FARM BUILDINGS ( ) - CROPS
NUMBER KILLED: NUMBER INJURED:
CHECK ONE OR MORE AS APPLICABLE:
HIGH WIND/TSTORM WIND DAMAGE ( ) - CROPS
(X) - SMALL TREES/SHRUBS ( ) - LARGE TREES
( ) - COMM. BUILDINGS ( ) - PRIVATE HOMES
( ) - OUT/FARM BUILDINGS ( ) - POWER/TELCO POLES
(X) - POWER/TELCO LINES
RELIABLE WIND SPEED REPORTS: 50+ MPH OR KNOTS
NUMBER KILLED: NUMBER INJURED:
FLOODING (IF EXTENSIVE, SEND SEPARATE FLOOD MESSAGE FROM MENU)
( ) - STORM SEWER OVERFLOWS, UNDERPASSES, STREET FLOODING
( ) - LOCAL SMALL CREEKS OVERFLOWING
( ) - STREAMS AND LARGE CREEKS FLOODING (COMPLETE REMARKS W/DAMAGE
REMARKS:
AUTH PHONE : 517 736-2100
AUTH LIEUTENANT GARTH W HILLIER
OPER - TOMLINSON,ROBIN L 1646The office that day
Everything else NWS Albany, NY issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 31, 12:59 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Herkimer | 61 min |
| May 31, 1:21 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Fulton, Montgomery | 54 min |
| May 31, 1:35 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Saratoga, Warren, Washington | 55 min |
| May 31, 1:59 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Dutchess, Ulster | 61 min |
| May 31, 2:04 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Schoharie | 71 min |
| May 31, 2:15 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Saratoga, Schenectady | 60 min |
| May 31, 2:17 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Montgomery | 43 min |
| May 31, 2:38 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Washington | 67 min |
| May 31, 2:47 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Albany, Rensselaer | 58 min |
| May 31, 3:00 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Dutchess | 45 min |
| May 31, 3:46 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Rensselaer | 44 min |
| May 31, 3:49 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Columbia | 26 min |
| May 31, 3:55 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Herkimer | 65 min |
| May 31, 4:16 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Fulton, Montgomery | 59 min |
| May 31, 4:46 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Saratoga | 59 min |
| May 31, 4:59 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Dutchess, Schenectady, Ulster | 61 min |
| May 31, 5:10 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Washington | 65 min |
| May 31, 5:12 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Albany | 63 min |
| May 31, 5:22 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Rensselaer | 68 min |
| May 31, 5:25 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Greene | 50 min |
| May 31, 6:04 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Ulster | 56 min |
| May 31, 6:34 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ALY | Dutchess | 56 min |
| May 31, 6:59 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | ALY | Dutchess | 31 min |
Nearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in New York, 2002Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2002
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; verification from NCEI's Storm Data; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.