Alert archive / Texas / Flash Flood Warnings in 1998

Flash Flood Warning 145, NWS Austin/San Antonio, TX

September 11, 1998Comal County, Texas

NWS Austin/San Antonio, TX issued this flash flood warning at Sep 11, 1998, 11:16 AM CDT for Comal County, Texas. It was in force for 104 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Sep 11, 1998, 11:16 AM CDT (16:16 UTC)
Expired
Sep 11, 1998, 1:00 PM CDT
In force
104 min
Issued by
NWS Austin/San Antonio, TX
Area
Whole counties

County Comal County, TX

The nearest sounding before it

Corpus Christi, TX (KNGP), launched 12:00Z, 4.3 hours before the alert went out and 248 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Corpus Christi, TX at 12:00Z on 1998-09-11Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Corpus Christi, TX at 12:00Z on 1998-09-11The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 29 square meters per square second.1939Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
1491 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
9 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
29 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
112 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
TTAA00 KSAT 111618
FFWSAT
TXC091-111800-

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
FLASH FLOOD WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
1116 AM CDT FRI SEP 11 1998

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO HAS ISSUED A

* FLASH FLOOD WARNING FOR...
  COMAL COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS

* UNTIL 100 PM CDT

* FLASH FLOODING EXPECTED AROUND-
  OVER PORTIONS OF COMAL COUNTY

* VERY HEAVY RAINS ARE DEVELOPING OVER COMAL COUNTY AND WILL
  CONTINUE THE NEXT 1 TO 2 HOURS.

IF YOU ARE IN THESE AREAS... MOVE TO HIGHER GROUND. DO NOT DRIVE
THROUGH WATER COVERING THE ROAD.

AREA RESIDENTS SHOULD MONITOR FLOOD CONDITIONS... AND BE PREPARED
TO MOVE TO HIGHER GROUND... SHOULD FLOOD WATERS THREATEN. IF FLASH
FLOODING IS OBSERVED... ACT QUICKLY. MOVE TO HIGHER GROUND TO
ESCAPE FLOOD WATERS. DO NOT STAY IN AREAS SUBJECT TO FLOODING WHEN
WATER BEGINS RISING.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Sep 11, 5:35 AM CDT, 5 hours 41 minutes before
TXZ171>173-183>194-202>209-217>225-228-111300-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
535 AM CDT FRI SEP 11 1998

...TORNADO WATCH IN EFFECT FOR THE EASTERN SECTIONS OF SOUTH CENTRAL
TEXAS UNTIL 1 PM...
...FLASH FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT FOR SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS AND THE HILL
COUNTRY THROUGH TODAY...
...FLASH FLOOD WARNING IN EFFECT FOR LAVACA...DEWITT...KARNES AND
GONZALES COUNTIES UNTIL 10 AM CDT...
...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FOR HILL COUNTRY AND MUCH OF SOUTH CENTRAL
TEXAS THROUGH TODAY...

TROPICAL STORM FRANCES HAS MOVED INLAND ALONG THE MIDDLE TEXAS COAST
AND WAS MOVING NORTHWEST NEAR 13 MPH INTO SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS THIS
MORNING.  ALONG WITH THE POTENTIAL FOR HEAVY RAIN RAIN AND FLOODING
...THERE EXISTS THE POTENTIAL FOR TORNADOES IN THE VERY MOIST AND
UNSTABLE TROPICAL AIR.

IN ADDITION...NORTH AND NORTHEAST WINDS OF 20 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS
TO NEAR 40 MPH ARE EXPECTED WITH FRANCES AS SHE MOVES INLAND TODAY.
THEREFORE WIND ADVISORIES ARE IN EFFECT FOR MUCH OF SOUTH CENTRAL
TEXAS AND THE HILL COUNTRY.

WIDESPREAD SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WITH HEAVY RAIN OVER MUCH OF
SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS...SPREADING WESTWARD INTO THE EASTERN HILL
COUNTRY.  RAINFALL RATES OF 1 TO 2 INCHES PER HOUR WERE ESTIMATED
BY RADAR.  RAINFALL TOTALS OF 2 TO 6 INCHES WERE COMMON OVER THE
SOUTHEASTERN SECTIONS OF SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS AND MORE IS ON THE
WAY.  SOME ROADS IN DEWITT COUNTY WERE REPORTED TO BE COVERED IN
WATER AND CLOSED.

ADDITIONAL WEATHER INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE ON THE NATIONAL WEATHER
SERVICE CENTRAL AND SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS HOME PAGE OF THE INTERNET
WORLD WIDE WEB AT WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/EWX OR TUNE TO THE VOICE OF THE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE...NOAA WEATHER RADIO...OPERATING ON A
FREQUENCY BETWEEN 162.400 MHZ AND 162.550 MHZ.
Special weather statement, Sep 11, 5:35 AM CDT, 5 hours 41 minutes before
TXZ171>173-183>194-202>209-217>225-228-111300-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
535 AM CDT FRI SEP 11 1998

...TORNADO WATCH IN EFFECT FOR THE EASTERN SECTIONS OF SOUTH CENTRAL
TEXAS UNTIL 1 PM...
...FLASH FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT FOR SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS AND THE HILL
COUNTRY THROUGH TODAY...
...FLASH FLOOD WARNING IN EFFECT FOR LAVACA...DEWITT...KARNES AND
GONZALES COUNTIES UNTIL 10 AM CDT...
...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FOR HILL COUNTRY AND MUCH OF SOUTH CENTRAL
TEXAS THROUGH TODAY...

TROPICAL STORM FRANCES HAS MOVED INLAND ALONG THE MIDDLE TEXAS COAST
AND WAS MOVING NORTHWEST NEAR 13 MPH INTO SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS THIS
MORNING.  ALONG WITH THE POTENTIAL FOR HEAVY RAIN RAIN AND FLOODING
...THERE EXISTS THE POTENTIAL FOR TORNADOES IN THE VERY MOIST AND
UNSTABLE TROPICAL AIR.

IN ADDITION...NORTH AND NORTHEAST WINDS OF 20 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS
TO NEAR 40 MPH ARE EXPECTED WITH FRANCES AS SHE MOVES INLAND TODAY.
THEREFORE WIND ADVISORIES ARE IN EFFECT FOR MUCH OF SOUTH CENTRAL
TEXAS AND THE HILL COUNTRY.

WIDESPREAD SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WITH HEAVY RAIN OVER MUCH OF
SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS...SPREADING WESTWARD INTO THE EASTERN HILL
COUNTRY.  RAINFALL RATES OF 1 TO 2 INCHES PER HOUR WERE ESTIMATED
BY RADAR.  RAINFALL TOTALS OF 2 TO 6 INCHES WERE COMMON OVER THE
SOUTHEASTERN SECTIONS OF SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS AND MORE IS ON THE
WAY.  SOME ROADS IN DEWITT COUNTY WERE REPORTED TO BE COVERED IN
WATER AND CLOSED.

ADDITIONAL WEATHER INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE ON THE NATIONAL WEATHER
SERVICE CENTRAL AND SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS HOME PAGE OF THE INTERNET
WORLD WIDE WEB AT WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/EWX OR TUNE TO THE VOICE OF THE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE...NOAA WEATHER RADIO...OPERATING ON A
FREQUENCY BETWEEN 162.400 MHZ AND 162.550 MHZ.
Special weather statement, Sep 11, 6:48 AM CDT, 4 hours 28 minutes before
TXZ171>173-183>194-202>209-217>225-228-112300-

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
648 AM CDT FRI SEP 11 1998

...TORNADO WATCH IN EFFECT FOR THE EASTERN SECTIONS OF SOUTH
CENTRAL TEXAS UNTIL 1 PM...
...FLASH FLOOD WATCH TODAY FOR ALL OF SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS
AND THE HILL COUNTRY...
...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FOR THE HILL COUNTRY AND MUCH OF
SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS THROUGH TODAY...

THE CENTER OF TROPICAL STORM FRANCES MADE LANDFALL NEAR REFUGIO...
TEXAS...EARLY THIS MORNING.  THE STORM IS MOVING NORTHWEST ACROSS
THE TEXAS COASTAL PLAINS AT ABOUT 13 MPH.  THE FORECAST TRACK WILL
TAKE THE CENTER OF THE STORM NEAR SAN ANTONIO LATE THIS MORNING AND
INTO THE HILL COUNTRY LATER TODAY AND TONIGHT.

THE STORM WILL PRODUCE WIDESPREAD RAINS OF 1 TO 3 INCHES.  TOTALS OF
5 TO 10 INCHES WILL OCCUR IN SPOTS...MAINLY ALONG AND TO THE
NORTHEAST OF THE STORM'S TRACK.  UP TO 12 INCHES OF RAIN IS
POSSIBLE IN A FEW AREAS.  IN ADDITION TO THE FLOODING THREAT...
THE POTENTIAL FOR TORNADOES EXISTS UNTIL EARLY AFTERNOON ROUGHLY
EAST OF AN AUSTIN TO CUERO LINE.  WINDY CONDITIONS WILL PLAGUE MOST
OF THE AREA TODAY...POSING A HAZARD FOR DRIVERS OF HIGH PROFILE
VEHIICLES.

THIS IS A POTENTIALLY VERY DANGEROUS SITUATION AND RESIDENTS ARE
URGED TO MONITOR THE WEATHER CLOSELY.

THE HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NORMALLY WILL BE UPDATED BY MEANS OF
THE ZONE FORECASTS...SHORT TERM FORECAST...WATCHES...WARNINGS AND
ADVISORIES.  THE HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK ITSELF WILL BE UPDATED
ONLY IF UNEXPECTED HAZARDOUS WEATHER DEVELOPS OR IF EXPECTED
HAZARDOUS WEATHER NO LONGER IS FORECAST TO DEVELOP.

ADDITIONAL WEATHER INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE ON THE NATIONAL WEATHER
SERVICE CENTRAL AND SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS HOME PAGE OF THE INTERNET
WORLD WIDE WEB AT WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/EWX OR TUNE TO THE VOICE OF THE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE...NOAA WEATHER RADIO...OPERATING ON A
FREQUENCY BETWEEN 162.400 MHZ AND 162.550 MHZ.

NEARBY HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOKS INCLUDE:
SOUTHWEST TEXAS    FROM MIDLAND            LBBSPSMAF...WWUS35 KMAF
CONCHO VALLEY      FROM SAN ANGELO         LBBSPSSJT...WWUS35 KSJT
NORTH TEXAS        FROM FORT WORTH         FTWSPSFTW...WWUS35 KFTW
SOUTHEAST bTEXAS    FROM HOUSTON/GALVESTON  SATSPSHOU...WWUS35 KHOU
COASTAL BEND/      FROM CORPUS CHRISTI     SATSPSCRP...WWUS35 KCRP
RIO GRANDE PLAINS
Special weather statement, Sep 11, 6:48 AM CDT, 4 hours 28 minutes before
TXZ171>173-183>194-202>209-217>225-228-112300-

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
648 AM CDT FRI SEP 11 1998

...TORNADO WATCH IN EFFECT FOR THE EASTERN SECTIONS OF SOUTH
CENTRAL TEXAS UNTIL 1 PM...
...FLASH FLOOD WATCH TODAY FOR ALL OF SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS
AND THE HILL COUNTRY...
...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FOR THE HILL COUNTRY AND MUCH OF
SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS THROUGH TODAY...

THE CENTER OF TROPICAL STORM FRANCES MADE LANDFALL NEAR REFUGIO...
TEXAS...EARLY THIS MORNING.  THE STORM IS MOVING NORTHWEST ACROSS
THE TEXAS COASTAL PLAINS AT ABOUT 13 MPH.  THE FORECAST TRACK WILL
TAKE THE CENTER OF THE STORM NEAR SAN ANTONIO LATE THIS MORNING AND
INTO THE HILL COUNTRY LATER TODAY AND TONIGHT.

THE STORM WILL PRODUCE WIDESPREAD RAINS OF 1 TO 3 INCHES.  TOTALS OF
5 TO 10 INCHES WILL OCCUR IN SPOTS...MAINLY ALONG AND TO THE
NORTHEAST OF THE STORM'S TRACK.  UP TO 12 INCHES OF RAIN IS
POSSIBLE IN A FEW AREAS.  IN ADDITION TO THE FLOODING THREAT...
THE POTENTIAL FOR TORNADOES EXISTS UNTIL EARLY AFTERNOON ROUGHLY
EAST OF AN AUSTIN TO CUERO LINE.  WINDY CONDITIONS WILL PLAGUE MOST
OF THE AREA TODAY...POSING A HAZARD FOR DRIVERS OF HIGH PROFILE
VEHIICLES.

THIS IS A POTENTIALLY VERY DANGEROUS SITUATION AND RESIDENTS ARE
URGED TO MONITOR THE WEATHER CLOSELY.

THE HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NORMALLY WILL BE UPDATED BY MEANS OF
THE ZONE FORECASTS...SHORT TERM FORECAST...WATCHES...WARNINGS AND
ADVISORIES.  THE HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK ITSELF WILL BE UPDATED
ONLY IF UNEXPECTED HAZARDOUS WEATHER DEVELOPS OR IF EXPECTED
HAZARDOUS WEATHER NO LONGER IS FORECAST TO DEVELOP.

ADDITIONAL WEATHER INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE ON THE NATIONAL WEATHER
SERVICE CENTRAL AND SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS HOME PAGE OF THE INTERNET
WORLD WIDE WEB AT WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/EWX OR TUNE TO THE VOICE OF THE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE...NOAA WEATHER RADIO...OPERATING ON A
FREQUENCY BETWEEN 162.400 MHZ AND 162.550 MHZ.

NEARBY HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOKS INCLUDE:
SOUTHWEST TEXAS    FROM MIDLAND            LBBSPSMAF...WWUS35 KMAF
CONCHO VALLEY      FROM SAN ANGELO         LBBSPSSJT...WWUS35 KSJT
NORTH TEXAS        FROM FORT WORTH         FTWSPSFTW...WWUS35 KFTW
SOUTHEAST bTEXAS    FROM HOUSTON/GALVESTON  SATSPSHOU...WWUS35 KHOU
COASTAL BEND/      FROM CORPUS CHRISTI     SATSPSCRP...WWUS35 KCRP
RIO GRANDE PLAINS
Special weather statement, Sep 11, 10:23 AM CDT, 53 minutes before
TXZ171>173-183>194-202>209-217>225-228-112130-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
1023 AM CDT FRI SEP 11 1998

...FRANCIS MOVING TOWARD HILL COUNTRY...
...TORRENTIAL RAINS POSSIBLE TONIGHT OVER PORTIONS OF HILL COUNTRY...

TROPICAL STORM FRANCIS WAS CHURNING NORTHWESTWARD THIS MORNING TOWARD
THE TEXAS HILL COUNTRY.  THE LOW CENTER..NOW NEAR BEEVILLE WILL PUSH
JUST SOUTH OF SAN ANTONIO BY 7 PM...MOVING OVER THE SOUTHEASTERN AND
SOUTH CENTRAL PORTIONS OF THE HILL COUNTRY TONIGHT.

AS WITH ANY TROPICAL SYSTEM..NIGHTTIME CORE RAINS REMAIN A DANGEROUS
THREAT.  THESE ARE THE TORRENTIAL DOWNPOURS WHICH OCCUR DURING THE
NIGHT HOURS NEAR THE CENTER OF A TROPICAL LOW.  AS THE LOW TRACKS
ACROSS THE HILL COUNTRY..CORE RAINS COULD DEVELOP..WITH AMOUNTS OF 5
TO 10 INCHES POSSIBLE IN A SHORT AMOUNT OF TIME.  THE HILL
COUNTRY..WITH ITS CHARACTERISTICALLY ROCKY NATURE..WILL EXACERBATE
THE THREAT AS RAPID RUNOFF WILL RESULT IN DANGEROUS..LIFE THREATENING
FLASH FLOODS.

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WARNS RESIDENTS OF THESE AREAS TO TAKE
NECESSARY PRECAUTIONS TO PROTECT LIFE AND PROPERTY. IF YOU LIVE IN A
LOW LYING OR FLOOD PRONE AREA..KEEP ABREAST OF THE LATEST WEATHER
DEVELOPMENTS TONIGHT AND BE READY TO MOVE TO HIGHER GROUND IF FLASH
FLOODING OCCURS OR A WARNING IS ISSUED. CAMPERS AND PEOPLE
TEMPORARILY IN THE FLOOD PLAIN SHOULD BE AWARE THAT HEAVY RAIN AND
FLOODING CONDITIONS CAN INUNDATE THE FLOOD PLAIN WITH TENS OF FEET OF
TURBULENT FLOW IN LESS THAN AN HOUR IN FLASHY STREAMS.

SECONDARY ROADS AND LOW BRIDGES WILL BE EXTREMELY
DANGEROUS..ESPECIALLY ALONG THE ESCARPMENT TONIGHT. TRAVEL IS
DISCOURAGED ACROSS THE THREATENED COUNTIES TONIGH\T.
Special weather statement, Sep 11, 10:23 AM CDT, 53 minutes before
TXZ171>173-183>194-202>209-217>225-228-112130-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
1023 AM CDT FRI SEP 11 1998

...FRANCIS MOVING TOWARD HILL COUNTRY...
...TORRENTIAL RAINS POSSIBLE TONIGHT OVER PORTIONS OF HILL COUNTRY...

TROPICAL STORM FRANCIS WAS CHURNING NORTHWESTWARD THIS MORNING TOWARD
THE TEXAS HILL COUNTRY.  THE LOW CENTER..NOW NEAR BEEVILLE WILL PUSH
JUST SOUTH OF SAN ANTONIO BY 7 PM...MOVING OVER THE SOUTHEASTERN AND
SOUTH CENTRAL PORTIONS OF THE HILL COUNTRY TONIGHT.

AS WITH ANY TROPICAL SYSTEM..NIGHTTIME CORE RAINS REMAIN A DANGEROUS
THREAT.  THESE ARE THE TORRENTIAL DOWNPOURS WHICH OCCUR DURING THE
NIGHT HOURS NEAR THE CENTER OF A TROPICAL LOW.  AS THE LOW TRACKS
ACROSS THE HILL COUNTRY..CORE RAINS COULD DEVELOP..WITH AMOUNTS OF 5
TO 10 INCHES POSSIBLE IN A SHORT AMOUNT OF TIME.  THE HILL
COUNTRY..WITH ITS CHARACTERISTICALLY ROCKY NATURE..WILL EXACERBATE
THE THREAT AS RAPID RUNOFF WILL RESULT IN DANGEROUS..LIFE THREATENING
FLASH FLOODS.

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WARNS RESIDENTS OF THESE AREAS TO TAKE
NECESSARY PRECAUTIONS TO PROTECT LIFE AND PROPERTY. IF YOU LIVE IN A
LOW LYING OR FLOOD PRONE AREA..KEEP ABREAST OF THE LATEST WEATHER
DEVELOPMENTS TONIGHT AND BE READY TO MOVE TO HIGHER GROUND IF FLASH
FLOODING OCCURS OR A WARNING IS ISSUED. CAMPERS AND PEOPLE
TEMPORARILY IN THE FLOOD PLAIN SHOULD BE AWARE THAT HEAVY RAIN AND
FLOODING CONDITIONS CAN INUNDATE THE FLOOD PLAIN WITH TENS OF FEET OF
TURBULENT FLOW IN LESS THAN AN HOUR IN FLASHY STREAMS.

SECONDARY ROADS AND LOW BRIDGES WILL BE EXTREMELY
DANGEROUS..ESPECIALLY ALONG THE ESCARPMENT TONIGHT. TRAVEL IS
DISCOURAGED ACROSS THE THREATENED COUNTIES TONIGH\T.

The office that day

Everything else NWS Austin/San Antonio, TX issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Sep 10, 11:29 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningEWXLavaca6 hr
Sep 11, 12:24 AM CDTFlash Flood WarningEWXDeWitt5 hr
Sep 11, 5:09 AM CDTFlash Flood WarningEWXDeWitt, Gonzales, Lavaca5 hr
Sep 11, 5:09 AM CDTFlash Flood WarningEWXKarnes5 hr
Sep 11, 8:16 AM CDTFlash Flood WarningEWXWilson4 hr
Sep 11, 8:53 AM CDTFlash Flood WarningEWXBastrop, Lee, Travis, Williamson4 hr
Sep 11, 9:58 AM CDTFlash Flood WarningEWXDeWitt, Karnes3 hr
Sep 11, 11:08 AM CDTFlash Flood WarningEWXGuadalupe112 min
Sep 11, 11:23 AM CDTFlash Flood WarningEWXBexar3 hr
Sep 11, 12:22 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningEWXWilson98 min
Sep 11, 6:03 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningEWXFayette, Lee2 hr

Nearby

Flash Flood Warnings in Texas, 1998Every flash flood warning in 1998

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive.