Alert archive / Pennsylvania / Flash Flood Warnings in 1998

Flash Flood Warning 41, NWS State College, PA

March 20, 1998Franklin County, Pennsylvania

NWS State College, PA issued this flash flood warning at Mar 20, 1998, 9:54 PM EST for Franklin County, Pennsylvania. It was in force for 6 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Mar 20, 1998, 9:54 PM EST (02:54 UTC)
Expired
Mar 21, 1998, 3:55 AM EST
In force
6 hr
Issued by
NWS State College, PA
Area
Whole counties

County Franklin County, PA

The radar

The Sterling radar (KLWX), 108 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 02:54 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The nearest sounding before it

Washington/Dulle, VA (KIAD), launched 00:00Z, 2.9 hours before the alert went out and 112 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Washington/Dulle, VA at 00:00Z on 1998-03-21Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 2 joules per kilogram.LCLEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Washington/Dulle, VA at 00:00Z on 1998-03-21The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 255 square meters per square second.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
2 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
448 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
54 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
255 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
420 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
TTAA00 KCTP 210255
FFWCTP
PAC055-210855-

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
FLOOD WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE STATE COLLEGE PA
954 PM EST FRI MAR 20 1998

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN STATE COLLEGE PA HAS ISSUED A
FLOOD WARNING EFFECTIVE UNTIL 355 AM EST
FOR PEOPLE IN THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS...

IN SOUTH CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA

   ...FRANKLIN COUNTY
 
DOPPLER RADARS FROM STATE COLLEGE PA AND STERLING VA CONTINUE TO
SHOW AN AREA OF HEAVY RAIN CONCENTRATING OVER FRANKLIN COUNTY
PENNSYLVANIA LATE THIS EVENING. HEAVY RAIN WILL CONTINUE THROUGH 11
PM... AND LIKELY WILL CAUSE FLOODING OF SMALL STREAMS... CREEKS AND
POOR DRAINAGE AREAS. WATCH OUT FOR MUD-SLIDES OFF OF THE STEEPER
RIDGES.

EXPECT STREAMS AND CREEKS TO CREST DURING THE EARLY MORNING HOURS.
 
BE ESPECIALLY CAUTIOUS AT NIGHT WHEN IT IS HARDER TO RECOGNIZE
THE DANGERS OF FLASH FLOODING.

DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE INTO AREAS WHERE WATER COVERS THE
ROADWAY.  THE WATER DEPTH MAY BE TOO GREAT$ TO ALLOW YOUR CAR TO
CROSS SAFELY.  VEHICLES CAUGHT IN RISING WATER SHOULD BE ABANDONED
QUICKLY.  MOVE TO HIGHER GROUND.

NICOSIA

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS State College, PA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flash flood warning went out at Mar 20, 9:15 PM EST, 39 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Mar 20, 9:15 PM EST, 39 minutes before
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE STATE COLLEGE PA
915 PM EST FRI MAR 20 1998

...WORK ZONES SENT TO PHL/PIT VIA ADMCTP AT 900 PM...

...DISCUSSION...

SAT LOOPS SHOW UPPER LOW SPINNING EAST ACROSS KY. SFC LOW IS
BEGINNING TO DEVELOP OVER NC. COLD AIR IS OOZING SOUTH FROM NY
STATE...WITH ELM REPORTING ZR-. ALL THE INGREDIENTS ARE COMING
TOGETHER FOR A MAJOR STORM ACROSS CENTRAL PA THROUGH SATURDAY NIGHT.

ALL MODELS...NGM/ETA/MESO-ETA/AVN SHOW BASICALLY THE SAME TRACK WITH
THE SFC AND UPR LOWS TONIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY NIGHT...TAKING THE
UPPER LOW ACROSS MD TO NJ BY SATURDAY NIGHT...WITH THE SFC LOW
TRACKING TO CHESAPEKE BAY BY SATURDAY EVE. THE NGM IS THE WARMEST IN
THE LOW-LVLS...BUT DOES NOT SEEM TO BE RESOLVING THE SHALLOW COLD
AIR ALREADY PRESENT IN NY STATE. THE ETA AND ESPECIALLY THE MESO-ETA
ARE COLDER...BUT EVEN THEY DO NOT SEEM COLD ENOUGH OVER NY STATE...
WHICH WILL BE OUR SOURCE OF COLD AIR WITH THIS EVENT.

FIRST...THE FLOODING. RADAR LOOPS SHOW MODERATE TO HEAVY RAIN
TRAINING NORTH TOWARD S CNTRL PA. OBVIOUSLY THE FLOOD WATCH WILL
REMAIN ACROSS THE SOUTH AND WE MAY HAVE TO START ISSUING WARNINGS IF
THE TRAINING DOES NOT END. THE TRAINING ECHOES LINE UP WELL WITH THE
UPPER FLOW FROM THE SOUTH...SO TRAINING IS LIKELY TO CONTINUE. LDS
SHOWS LIGHTNING STRIKES UP TO THE PA BORDER ACRS THE LOWER
SUSQ...THE AFTERNOON FORECAST SEEMS TO HAVE HAD A GREAT HANDLE ON
THAT AND WILL LEAVE MENTION OF THUNDER GOING FOR THE SOUTH.

WITH FREEZING RAIN ALREADY AT ELM AND COLD AIR SLOWLY TRACKING SOUTH
MIXED FREEZING PRECIP WILL BE STARTING SOON ACROSS THE NORTHERN
COUNTIES. THEREFORE WILL GO WITH A WARNING FOR THE NORTHERN TIER OF
COUNTIES AS BAD WX WILL BE STARTING IN THE FIRST PD. ETA/MESO ETA
MODEL SOUNDINGS ARE TOO WARM IN THE BOUNDARY LYR ACROSS SRN NY
ATTM...BUT EVEN THOSE MODELS WOULD CHANGE PRECIP TO ALL SNOW AROUND
12Z ACROSS THE NORTHERN COUNTIES...WITH SNOW AMOUNTS OF 6 TO 12
INCHES SATURDAY THROUGH SATURDAY NIGHT. AMOUNTS COULD ACTUALLY BE
GREATER THAN THAT AS SNOW IS PROGGED TO LINGER THROUGH ALL OF
SATURDAY NIGHT.

FARTHER SOUTH WILL EXTEND THE WINTER STORM WATCH FOR SATURDAY TO THE
LAURELS AND TO BLAIR AND BEDFORD COUNTIES...AS MESO-ETA SOUNDINGS
INDICATE A CHANGE-OVER BY EARLY AFTERNOON...AND AGAIN THE MESO-ETA
IS CURRENTLY RUNNING TOO WARM ACROSS SOUTHERN NY. ALSO WILL EXTEND
THE WATCH THROUGH SATURDAY NIGHT AS WORST CONDITIONS MAY BE THEN AS
SNOW BEGINS TO WIND DOWN BUT COLDER BNDRY TEMPS WILL ALLOW FOR GOOD
ACCUMULATIONS EVEN ON ROADS. WILL KEEP FORECASTS OF LIGHTER SNOW IN
THE LOWER COUNTIES EAST OF BLAIR CO.

MSE

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Mar 20, 4:35 PM EST, 5 hours 19 minutes before
PAZ004>006-010>012-017>019-037-041-042-045-046-049>053-058-210400-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT - WINTER STORM WATCH
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE STATE COLLEGE PA
435 PM EST FRI MAR 20 1998

...A WINTER STORM WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR SATURDAY INTO SATURDAY
NIGHT FOR MUCH OF NORTHERN AND CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA...

A WINTER STORM WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR SATURDAY FOR THE FOLLOWING
COUNTIES IN CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA... WARREN... MCKEAN... POTTER...
ELK... CAMERON... NORTHERN CLINTON... CLEARFIELD... AND CENTRE.

A WINTER STORM WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR SATURDAY AND SATURDAY NIGHT
FOR THE FOLLOWING COUNTIES IN CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA...TIOGA...
LYCOMING... SULLIVAN... SOUTHERN CLINTON... UNION... SNYDER...
NORTHUMBERLAND... MONTOUR... COLUMBIA AND SCHUYLKILL.

A STORM WILL TRACK NORTHEAST FROM THE OHIO VALLEY TO EASTERN
MARYLAND BY LATE SATURDAY. RAIN WILL CHANGE TO SNOW ACROSS THE WATCH
AREA SATURDAY...WITH THE POTENTIAL FOR 6 INCHES OR MORE OF SNOW
ACROSS THE WATCH AREA BY LATE SATURDAY OR SATURDAY NIGHT.

THE CHANGE FROM RAIN TO SNOW WILL OCCUR AROUND DAYBREAK SATURDAY
ACROSS FAR NORTHERN PENNSYLVANIA. DURING THE DAY SATURDAY...THE
RAIN-SNOW LINE WILL PUSH SOUTH THROUGH CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA. THE
SNOW WILL BEGIN TO ACCUMULATE OVER HIGHER ELEVATIONS FIRST. IN THE
VALLEYS...RELATIVELY WARM GROUND TEMPERATURES MAY KEEP THE SNOW FROM
ACCUMULATING HEAVILY UNTIL LATE IN THE DAY SATURDAY.

THE HEAVIEST ACCUMULATIONS WILL OCCUR AT ELEVATIONS OVER 1500 FEET
SATURDAY AND SATURDAY NIGHT...WHERE AMOUNTS WELL IN EXCESS OF 6
INCHES ARE POSSIBLE.

THIS HEAVY WET SNOWFALL MAY BRING DOWN TREE LIMBS...AND COULD ALSO
CAUSE POWER OUTAGES.

REMEMBER...A WINTER STORM WATCH MEANS THERE IS THE POSSIBILITY
OF SNOW ACCUMULATIONS OF SIX INCHES OR MORE.

STAY TUNED TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR OTHER MEDIA OUTLETS FOR FURTHER
STATEMENTS...ADVISORIES...AND POSSIBLE WARNING ON THIS UPCOMING BOUT
OF WINTER WEATHER.

SIMILAR INFORMATION CAN BE OBTAINED VIA THE STATE COLLEGE NATIONAL
WEATHER SERVICE WEB SITE AT  HTTP://IWIN.NWS.NOAA.GOV/IWIN/PA/PA.HTML

MSE

The office that day

Everything else NWS State College, PA issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Mar 20, 11:29 PM ESTFlash Flood WarningCTPCumberland, Perry6 hr
Mar 20, 11:29 PM ESTFlash Flood WarningCTPAdams6 hr
Mar 21, 12:28 AM ESTFlash Flood WarningCTPJuniata, Snyder6 hr
Mar 21, 3:14 AM ESTFlash Flood WarningCTPLancaster, York6 hr
Mar 21, 3:43 AM ESTFlash Flood WarningCTPFranklin6 hr
Mar 21, 4:48 AM ESTFlash Flood WarningCTPJuniata, Perry, Snyder5 hr
Mar 21, 4:48 AM ESTFlash Flood WarningCTPAdams, Cumberland5 hr
Mar 21, 9:40 AM ESTFlash Flood WarningCTPCumberland, Perry, York5 hr
Mar 21, 9:40 AM ESTFlash Flood WarningCTPLancaster5 hr
Mar 21, 9:53 AM ESTFlash Flood WarningCTPCumberland, Perry, York5 hr
Mar 21, 9:53 AM ESTFlash Flood WarningCTPLancaster5 hr
Mar 21, 11:42 AM ESTFlash Flood WarningCTPFranklin6 hr

Nearby

Flash Flood Warnings in Pennsylvania, 1998Every flash flood warning in 1998

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.