Alert archive / Texas / Tornado Warnings in 1991
Tornado Warning 9, NWS Austin/San Antonio, TX
NWS Austin/San Antonio, TX issued this tornado warning at Apr 28, 1991, 2:41 PM CDT for Williamson County, Texas. It was in force for 49 min. 2 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The counties it named, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Apr 28, 1991, 2:41 PM CDT (19:41 UTC)
- Expired
- Apr 28, 1991, 3:30 PM CDT
- In force
- 49 min
- Issued by
- NWS Austin/San Antonio, TX
- Area
- Whole counties
County Williamson County, TX
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 28, 2:45 PM CDT | Tornado F0 | Williamson, TX | |
| Apr 28, 3:15 PM CDT | Hail 1.5 | Williamson, TX |
NCEI Storm Data entries that began inside the alert's area while it was in force. Before 2003 the local storm report archive is thin, so this is the record of what happened rather than what was phoned in. Storm Data before 1996 records only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail.
The nearest sounding before it
Stephenville/Cla, TX (KSEP), launched 12:00Z, 7.7 hours before the alert went out and 181 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 822 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -199 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 921 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 46 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 183 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 108 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.9
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
000 TTAA00 KAUS 281939 TORAUS TXC491-282030- BULLETIN - EBS ACTIVATION REQUESTED TORNADO WARNING NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN TX 241 PM CDT SUN APR 28 1991 THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN AUSTIN HAS ISSUED A TORNADO WARNING EFFECTIVE UNTIL 330 PM CDT FOR PEOPLE IN THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS... IN SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS ...EASTERN WILLIAMSON COUNTY AT AT 238 PM RADAR SHOWED A TORNADO ABOUT 3 MILES NORTHEAST OF TAYLOR. THE TORNADO WAS ON THE GROUND AND MOVING NORTHEST AT 40 MPH. THE TORNADO WAS SPOTTED BY HAM OPERATORS. IF YOU ARE IN THE PATH OF A TORNADO...THE SAFEST PLACE IS A BASEMENT. GET UNDER A WORKBENCH OR PIECE OF STURDY FURNITURE. IF NO BASEMENT IS AVAILABLE...SEEK SHELTER IN AN INTERIOR ROOM LSUCH AS A CLOSET ON THE LOWEST FLOOR. USE BLANKETS...PILLOWS... OR CUSHIONS TO COVER YOUR BODY. AVOID WINDOWS.
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
In the hours before
Special weather statement, Apr 28, 9:04 AM CDT, 5 hours 37 minutes before
TXZ034-035-038-039-054-281600- SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN ANTONIO TX 903 AM CDT SUN APR 28 1991 SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS...SOME WITH HEAVY RAIN...CONTINUED ACROSS THE TEXAS HILL COUNTRY AND EDWARDS PLATEAU BETWEEN MENARD... JUNCTION...ROCKSPRINGS AND DEL RIO AT 900 AM THIS MORNING. THE ACTIVITY WAS FORMING FURTHER TO THE EAST EACH HOUR...WHILE INDIVIDUAL STORMS WERE MOVING TO THE NORTHEAST AT 25 MPH. THE HEAVIEST RAIN WAS LOCATED JUST TO THE NORTHWEST OF ROCKSPRINGS. AN UPPER LEVEL DISTURBANCE APPROACHING FROM FAR WEST TEXAS TRIGGERED THE STORMS ALONG A STATIONARY FRONT THAT STRETCHED FROM WACO TO JUNCTION TO DEL RIO. AS THE DISTURBANCE MOVES EASTWARD THIS MORNING...THE FRONT AND ITS ASSOCIATED THUNDERSTORMS WILL ALSO MOVE TO THE EAST. ONCE THE STORMS REACH THE VERY MOIST AND UNSTABLE AIRMASS EAST OF THE HILL COUNTRY...NEAR AUSTIN AND SAN ANTONIO...SOME COULD BECOME SEVERE. LARGE HAIL OR DoAMAGING WINDS...ALONG WITH HEAVY RAIN...ARE POSSIBLE THIS MORNING. THE SEVERE WEATHER COULD CONTINUE INTO SOUTHEAST TEXAS LATER THIS AFTERNOON.
Special weather statement, Apr 28, 9:27 AM CDT, 5 hours 14 minutes before
TXZ030-034>036-281600- SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN TX 925 AM CDT SUN APR 28 1991 ...THUNDERSTORMS DEVELOPING OVER THE WESTERN HILL COUNTRY... AT 920 AM RADAR SHOWED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS FROM ROCKSPRINGS TO JUNCTION AND MENARD. MOVEMENT OF THE RAIN AREA WAS SLOWLY TO THE EAST WHILE THE INDIVIDUAL STORMS MOVED NORTHEAST AT 25 MPH. AS THESE STROMS MOVE EASTWARD AND ENCOUNTER THE VERY MOIST AND UNSTABLE AIR OF CENTRAL TEXAS SOME OF THE STORMS COULD BECOME SEVERE. PERSONS ARE ADVISED TO KEEP UP WITH THE LATEST WEATHER DEVELOPMENTS AS THESE STORMS MOVE TOWARD CENTRAL TEXAS.
Special weather statement, Apr 28, 9:29 AM CDT, 5 hours 12 minutes before
TXZ054-281530- SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DEL RIO TX 930 AM CDT SUN APR 28 1991 AT 930 AM CDT ONLY A FEW WIDELY SCATTERED SHOWERS WERE LOCATED IN NORTHERN VAL VERDE COUNTY. THE REMAINDER OF THE SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS HAD MOVED NORTHEAST INTO EDWARDS AND EASTERN SUTTON COUNTIES.
Special weather statement, Apr 28, 9:57 AM CDT, 4 hours 44 minutes before
TXZ034>036-038-039-054-281700- SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN ANTONIO TX 958 AM CDT SUN APR 28 1991 AT 955 AM...SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS...SOME WITH VERY HEAVY RAIN...ALONG AND EAST OF THE HILL COUNTRY FROM BRADY TO AUSTIN TO ROCKSPRINGS AND JUNCTION. THE ACTIVITY WAS MOVING TO THE EAST AT 30 MPH WHILE THE INDIVIDUAL STORMS WERE MOVING TO THE NORTHEAST AT 25 MPH. THE HEAVIEST RAIN WAS LOCATED JUST NORTH OF JUNCTION. THE STORMS ARE EXPECTED TO CONTINUE DEVELOPING TO THE EAST THROUGH THE LATE MORNING...CROSSING MOST OF SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS BY MID AFTERNOON. AS THEY MOVE EASTWARD INTO DEEPER MOISTURE AND A MORE UNSTABLE AIRMASS... SOME STORMS COULD BECOME SEVERE. THE GREATEST POSSIBILITY OF SEVERE WEATHER WOULD BE EAST OF THE HILL COUNTRY...BEGINNING NEAR SAN ANTONIO AND AUSTIN LATER THIS MORNING...AND ACROSS SOUTHEAST TEXAS THIS AFTERNOON. EVERYONE IN SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS IS URGED TO MONITOR THE LATEST STATEMENTS ON THESE DEVELOPING STORMS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF SEVERE WEATHER.
Special weather statement, Apr 28, 1:25 PM CDT, 1 hour 16 minutes before
TXZ039-282000- SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN ANTONIO TX 123 PM CDT SUN APR 28 1991 A LINE OF THUNDERSTORMS HAS MOVED INTO THE FAR NORTHWEST PORTION OF BEXAR COUNTY. THESE THUNDERSTORMS ARE MOVING TO THE EAST AT AROUND 35 MILES AN HOUR. AT THIS RATE OF SPEED...THE THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE MOVING ACROSS THE CITY OF SAN ANTONIO WITHIN THE HOUR. STORNG GUSTY WINDS...FREQUENT LIGHTNING...BRIEF HEAVY RAIN AND MARBLE TO GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL HAVE BEEN REPORTED AS THESE THUNDERSTORMS MOVED ACROSS MEDINA AND BANDERA COUNTIES DURING THE PAST HOUR. THE CITY OF SAN ANTONIO IS IN A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH UNTIL 6 PM THIS EVENING. PERSONS IN AND AROUND BEXAR COUNTY AND THE SAN ANTONIO METROPOLITAN AREA SHOULD REMAIN ALERT AND BE READY TO TAKE ACTION SHOULD SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS BE ENCOUNTERED OR A WARNING IS ISSUED.
The office that day
Everything else NWS Austin/San Antonio, TX issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 28, 11:03 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Mills | 42 min |
| Apr 28, 11:29 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Bandera, Medina | 46 min |
| Apr 28, 12:00 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Llano | 45 min |
| Apr 28, 12:21 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Bandera | 69 min |
| Apr 28, 12:36 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Burnet | 54 min |
| Apr 28, 12:48 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Kendall | 57 min |
| Apr 28, 1:22 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Blanco | 53 min |
| Apr 28, 1:56 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Hays | 49 min |
| Apr 28, 2:50 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Guadalupe | 55 min |
| Apr 28, 3:02 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Lee | 43 min |
| Apr 28, 3:06 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Travis | 54 min |
| Apr 28, 3:09 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | EWX | Burleson | 51 min |
| Apr 28, 3:33 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Williamson | 42 min |
| Apr 28, 3:44 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | EWX | Bastrop | 46 min |
| Apr 28, 4:05 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | EWX | Burleson | 40 min |
Nearby
Tornado Warnings in Texas, 1991Every tornado warning in 1991Tornadoes in 1991
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; verification from NCEI's Storm Data; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive.