Alert archive / South Carolina / Tornado Warnings in 1991
Tornado Warning 6, NWS Columbia, SC
NWS Columbia, SC issued this tornado warning at Mar 29, 1991, 5:45 PM EST for Orangeburg County, South Carolina. It was in force for 45 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The counties it named, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Mar 29, 1991, 5:45 PM EST (22:45 UTC)
- Expired
- Mar 29, 1991, 6:30 PM EST
- In force
- 45 min
- Issued by
- NWS Columbia, SC
- Area
- Whole counties
County Orangeburg County, SC
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mar 29, 6:00 PM EST | Thunderstorm Wind 0 | Orangeburg, SC |
NCEI Storm Data entries that began inside the alert's area while it was in force. Before 2003 the local storm report archive is thin, so this is the record of what happened rather than what was phoned in. Storm Data before 1996 records only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail.
The nearest sounding before it
Charleston AFB, SC (KCHS), launched 12:00Z, 10.8 hours before the alert went out and 96 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 37 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -66 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 835 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 48 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 148 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 244 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.3
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
000 TTAA00 KCAE 292246 TORCAE SCC075-292330- BULLETIN - EBS ACTIVATION REQUESTED TORNADO WARNING NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE COLUMBIA SC 545 PM EST FRI MAR 29 1991 THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN COLUMBIA HAS ISSUED A TORNADO WARNING EFFECTIVE UNTIL 630 PM EST FOR PEOPLE IN THE FOLLOWING LOCATION... IN SOUTH CAROLINA ...ORANGEBURG COUNTY AT 542 PM EST THE ORANGEBURG COUNTY SHERIFF/S DEPARTMENT RELAYED A PUBLIC REPORT OF A TORNADO BETWEEN ST. GEORGE AND BOWMAN. AT 544 PM EST RADAR INDICATED STRONG THUNDERSTORMS MOVING EAST OVER SOUTHERN ORANGEBURG COUNTY AT 45 MPH. IF YOU ARE IN THE PATH OF THIS TORNADO MOVE TO A SHELTER BELOW GROUND IF AVAILABLE. GET UNDER A WORKBENCH OR PIECE OF STURDY FURNITURE. OTHERWISE...GO TO A SMALL INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR POSSIBLE. USE BLANKETS...PILLOWS...OR CUSHIONS TO COVER YOUR BODY. AVOID WINDOWS. ABANDON CARS AND MOBILE HOMES. DO NOT STAY IN A CAR OR MOBILE HOME DURING A TORNADO. CARS AND MOBILE HOMES ARE EASILY TOSSED AROUND BY TORNADO WINDS. IF YOU ARE CAUGHT IN THE PATH OF A TORNADO...LEAVE THE CAR OR MOBILE HOME AND GO TO A STRONG BUILDING. IF NO STRUCTURE IS NEARBY...SEEK SHELTER IN A DITCH OR LOW SPOT. BE ALERT FOR FLOODING OF LOW AREAS. ZIMMERMAN
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
In the hours before
Special weather statement, Mar 29, 12:25 PM EST, 5 hours 20 minutes before
GAZ007-SCZ004-006-291945- SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUGUSTA GA 1230 PM EST FRI MAR 29 1991 ...TORNADO WATCH IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM FOR CENTRAL AND EASTERN GEORGIA AND PORTIONS OF WESTERN AND CENTRAL SOUTH CAROLINA...THIS INCLUDES ALL CENTRAL SAVANNAH RIVER AREA COUNTIES EXCEPT BARNWELL AND ALLENDALE IN SOUTH CAROLINA... 1220 PM NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RADAR INDICATED A LARGE AREA OF RAIN WITH EMBEDDED SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS OVER NORTHWEST SOUTH CAROLINA EXTENDING SOUTHWEST TO THE MACON AREA. THE STORMS WERE MOVING NORTHEAST 45 MPH. RESIDENTS OF THE WATCH AREA SHOULD BE ALERT FOR PERIODS OF VERY HEAVY RAINS...STRONG GUSTY WINDS...HAIL AND POSSIBLE TORNADOES.
Special weather statement, Mar 29, 12:35 PM EST, 5 hours 10 minutes before
SCZALL-291930- SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE COLUMBIA SC 1233 PM EST FRI MAR 29 1991 ...SEVERE WEATHER POTENTIAL REMAINS HIGH FOR SOUTH CAROLINA... ...TORNADO WATCH CONTINUES UNTIL 5 PM EST FOR MUCH OF CENTRAL AND WESTERN SOUTH CAROLINA... AT 1215 PM EST RADAR SHOWED A LARGE AREA OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS OVER SOUTH CAROLINA GENERALLY WEST OF A CHESTERFIELD TO AUGUSTA GA LIN THE INDIVIDUAL STORMS WERE MOVING NORTHEAST AT 40 TO 50 MPH WHILE THE LEADING EDGE OF THE RAIN WAS MOVING EASTWARD AT ABOUT 25 MPH. IN ADDITION...SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WERE RACING ACROSS CENTRAL GEORGIA MACON AT ABOUT 60 MPH AND THESE STORMS HAVE A HISTORY OF PRODUCING OF VERY STRONG WINDS. THESE SEVERE STORMS ARE EXPECTED TO CONTINUE THROUGH EAST CENTRAL GEORGIA AND WILL LIKELY AFFECT PORTIONS OF WESTERN AND CENTRAL SOUTH CAROLINA LATER THIS AFTERNOON. SEVERE WIND DAMAGE..TORNADOES..AND LARGE HAIL REMAIN A DEFINITE POSSIBILITY. OTHER SEVERE WEATHER WATCHES MAY BE ISSUED FOR THE REST OF SOUTH CAROLINA LATER TODAY. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL...STORM SPOTTERS..AND AMATEUR RADIO OPERATORS SHOULD BE ACTIVATED IN THE WATCH AREA. ALL INTERESTS IN SOUTH CAROLINA SHOULD BE ON THE ALERT AND BE READY TO TAKE QUICK PROTECTIVE ACTION IF THREATENING WEATHER IS SIGHTED OF A WARNING IS ISSUED FOR YOUR AREA. PALMER
Special weather statement, Mar 29, 12:40 PM EST, 5 hours 5 minutes before
SCZALL-291930- SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT...CORRECTION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE COLUMBIA SC 1233 PM EST FRI MAR 29 1991 ...SEVERE WEATHER POTENTIAL REMAINS HIGH FOR SOUTH CAROLINA... ...TORNADO WATCH CONTINUES UNTIL 5 PM EST FOR MUCH OF CENTRAL AND WESTERN SOUTH CAROLINA... AT 1215 PM EST RADAR SHOWED A LARGE AREA OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS OVER SOUTH CAROLINA GENERALLY WEST OF A CHESTERFIELD TO AUGUSTA GA LINE. THE INDIVIDUAL STORMS WERE MOVING NORTHEAST AT 40 TO 50 MPH WHILE THE LEADING EDGE OF THE RAIN WAS MOVING EASTWARD AT ABOUT 25 MPH. IN ADDITION...SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WERE RACING ACROSS CENTRAL GEORGIA NEAR MACON AT ABOUT 60 MPH AND THESE STORMS HAVE A HISTORY OF PRODUCING OF VERY STRONG WINDS. THESE SEVERE STORMS ARE EXPECTED TO CONTINUE THROUGH EAST CENTRAL GEORGIA AND WILL LIKELY AFFECT PORTIONS OF WESTERN AND CENTRAL SOUTH CAROLINA LATER THIS AFTERNOON. SEVERE WIND DAMAGE..TORNADOES..AND LARGE HAIL REMAIN A DEFINITE POSSIBILITY. OTHER SEVERE WEATHER WATCHES MAY BE ISSUED FOR THE REST OF SOUTH CAROLINA LATER TODAY. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL...STORM SPOTTERS..AND AMATEUR RADIO OPERATORS SHOULD BE ACTIVATED IN THE WATCH AREA. ALL INTERESTS IN SOUTH CAROLINA SHOULD BE ON THE ALERT AND BE READY TO TAKE QUICK PROTECTIVE ACTION IF THREATENING WEATHER IS SIGHTED OR A WARNING IS ISSUED FOR YOUR AREA. PALMER
Special weather statement, Mar 29, 5:40 PM EST, 5 minutes before
SCZ005>008-300030- SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE COLUMBIA SC 539 PM EST FRI MAR 29 1991 ...TORNADO WATCH IN EFFECT UNTIL 11 PM EST FOR THE MIDLANDS AND COASTAL AREAS OF SOUTH CAROLINA... AT 535 PM EST AN AREA OF THUNDERSTORMS EXTENDED FROM 15 MILES SOUTH OF CAMDEN THROUGH THE COLUMBIA METROPOLITAN AREA TO 15 MILES SOUTH OF BAMBERG. THESE THUNDERSTORMS WERE MOVING EAST AT 45 MPH. OTHER THUNDERSTORMS WERE LOCATED BETWEEN MANNING AND LAKE CITY...ALSO MOVING EAST AT 45 MPH. THESE THUNDERSTORMS WILL PRODUCE VERY HEAVY RAINS...GUSTY WINDS AND DANGEROUS LIGHTNING. HEAVY RAINS FROM THESE THUNDERSTORMS MAY CAUSE SOME FLOODING OF ROADS...ESPECIALLY IN LOW AREAS. MOTORISTS SHOULD REDUCE SPEED AND BE PREPARED FOR PONDING OF WATER OF ROADS. SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS...INCLUDING TORNADOES...DAMAGING WINDS AND LARGE HAIL REMAIN POSSIBLE OVER THE EASTERN PART OF SOUTH CAROLINA THIS EVENING. PEOPLE REMAIN ALERT TO THE WEATHER| AND LISTEN TO TV...RADIO OR NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR LATER STATEMENTS AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS. ZIMMERMAN
The office that day
Everything else NWS Columbia, SC issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mar 29, 1:47 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CAE | Fairfield | 43 min |
| Mar 29, 2:09 PM EST | Tornado Warning | CAE | Lexington, Saluda | 51 min |
| Mar 29, 2:30 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CAE | Lexington | 45 min |
| Mar 29, 2:56 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CAE | Bamberg, Orangeburg | 64 min |
| Mar 29, 3:11 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CAE | Chesterfield | 49 min |
| Mar 29, 3:51 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CAE | Lee, Sumter | 39 min |
| Mar 29, 4:05 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CAE | Darlington, Florence | 40 min |
Nearby
Tornado Warnings in South Carolina, 1991Every tornado warning in 1991Tornadoes in 1991
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; verification from NCEI's Storm Data; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive.