Alert archive / South Carolina / Tornado Warnings in 1991

Tornado Warning 6, NWS Columbia, SC

March 29, 1991Orangeburg County, South Carolina

NWS Columbia, SC issued this tornado warning at Mar 29, 1991, 5:45 PM EST for Orangeburg County, South Carolina. It was in force for 45 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued
Mar 29, 1991, 5:45 PM EST (22:45 UTC)
Expired
Mar 29, 1991, 6:30 PM EST
In force
45 min
Issued by
NWS Columbia, SC
Area
Whole counties

County Orangeburg County, SC

What was reported inside it

TimeReportWhereRemark
Mar 29, 6:00 PM ESTThunderstorm Wind 0Orangeburg, SC

NCEI Storm Data entries that began inside the alert's area while it was in force. Before 2003 the local storm report archive is thin, so this is the record of what happened rather than what was phoned in. Storm Data before 1996 records only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail.

The nearest sounding before it

Charleston AFB, SC (KCHS), launched 12:00Z, 10.8 hours before the alert went out and 96 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Charleston AFB, SC at 12:00Z on 1991-03-29Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 37 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Charleston AFB, SC at 12:00Z on 1991-03-29The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 148 square meters per square second.1939587897117Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
37 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-66 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
835 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
48 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
148 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
244 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.3

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
TTAA00 KCAE 292246
TORCAE
SCC075-292330-
 
BULLETIN - EBS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
TORNADO WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE COLUMBIA SC
545 PM EST FRI MAR 29 1991
 
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN COLUMBIA HAS ISSUED A
TORNADO WARNING EFFECTIVE UNTIL  630 PM EST
FOR PEOPLE IN THE FOLLOWING LOCATION...
 
IN  SOUTH CAROLINA
 
   ...ORANGEBURG COUNTY
 
AT 542 PM EST THE ORANGEBURG COUNTY SHERIFF/S DEPARTMENT RELAYED A
PUBLIC REPORT OF A TORNADO BETWEEN ST. GEORGE AND BOWMAN.
 
AT 544 PM EST RADAR INDICATED STRONG THUNDERSTORMS MOVING EAST OVER
SOUTHERN ORANGEBURG COUNTY AT 45 MPH.
 
IF YOU ARE IN THE PATH OF THIS TORNADO MOVE TO A SHELTER BELOW
GROUND IF AVAILABLE.  GET UNDER A WORKBENCH OR PIECE OF STURDY
FURNITURE.  OTHERWISE...GO TO A SMALL INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST
FLOOR POSSIBLE.  USE BLANKETS...PILLOWS...OR CUSHIONS TO COVER
YOUR BODY.  AVOID WINDOWS.  ABANDON CARS AND MOBILE HOMES.
 
DO NOT STAY IN A CAR OR MOBILE HOME DURING A TORNADO.  CARS AND
MOBILE HOMES ARE EASILY TOSSED AROUND BY TORNADO WINDS.  IF YOU ARE
CAUGHT IN THE PATH OF A TORNADO...LEAVE THE CAR OR MOBILE HOME AND
GO TO A STRONG BUILDING.  IF NO STRUCTURE IS NEARBY...SEEK SHELTER
IN A DITCH OR LOW SPOT.  BE ALERT FOR FLOODING OF LOW AREAS.
 
ZIMMERMAN

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Mar 29, 12:25 PM EST, 5 hours 20 minutes before
GAZ007-SCZ004-006-291945-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUGUSTA GA
1230 PM EST FRI MAR 29 1991

...TORNADO WATCH IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM FOR CENTRAL AND EASTERN GEORGIA
AND PORTIONS OF WESTERN AND CENTRAL SOUTH CAROLINA...THIS INCLUDES ALL
CENTRAL SAVANNAH RIVER AREA COUNTIES EXCEPT BARNWELL AND ALLENDALE IN
SOUTH CAROLINA...

1220 PM NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RADAR INDICATED A LARGE AREA OF
RAIN WITH EMBEDDED SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS OVER NORTHWEST SOUTH
CAROLINA EXTENDING SOUTHWEST TO THE MACON AREA. THE STORMS WERE
MOVING NORTHEAST 45 MPH.

RESIDENTS OF THE WATCH AREA SHOULD BE ALERT FOR PERIODS OF VERY HEAVY
RAINS...STRONG GUSTY WINDS...HAIL AND POSSIBLE TORNADOES.
Special weather statement, Mar 29, 12:35 PM EST, 5 hours 10 minutes before
SCZALL-291930-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE COLUMBIA SC
1233 PM EST FRI MAR 29 1991

...SEVERE WEATHER POTENTIAL REMAINS HIGH FOR SOUTH CAROLINA...
...TORNADO WATCH CONTINUES UNTIL 5 PM EST FOR MUCH OF CENTRAL AND
WESTERN SOUTH CAROLINA...

AT 1215 PM EST RADAR SHOWED A LARGE AREA OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS
OVER SOUTH CAROLINA GENERALLY WEST OF A CHESTERFIELD TO AUGUSTA GA LIN
THE INDIVIDUAL STORMS WERE MOVING NORTHEAST AT 40 TO 50 MPH WHILE THE
LEADING EDGE OF THE RAIN WAS MOVING EASTWARD AT ABOUT 25 MPH.

IN ADDITION...SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WERE RACING ACROSS CENTRAL GEORGIA
MACON AT ABOUT 60 MPH AND THESE STORMS HAVE A HISTORY OF PRODUCING OF
VERY STRONG WINDS. THESE SEVERE STORMS ARE EXPECTED TO CONTINUE
THROUGH EAST CENTRAL GEORGIA AND WILL LIKELY AFFECT PORTIONS OF
WESTERN AND CENTRAL SOUTH CAROLINA LATER THIS AFTERNOON. SEVERE WIND
DAMAGE..TORNADOES..AND LARGE HAIL REMAIN A DEFINITE POSSIBILITY. OTHER
SEVERE WEATHER WATCHES MAY BE ISSUED FOR THE REST OF SOUTH CAROLINA
LATER TODAY.

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL...STORM SPOTTERS..AND AMATEUR RADIO
OPERATORS SHOULD BE ACTIVATED IN THE WATCH AREA.

ALL INTERESTS IN SOUTH CAROLINA SHOULD BE ON THE ALERT AND BE READY TO
TAKE QUICK PROTECTIVE ACTION IF THREATENING WEATHER IS SIGHTED OF A
WARNING IS ISSUED FOR YOUR AREA.

PALMER
Special weather statement, Mar 29, 12:40 PM EST, 5 hours 5 minutes before
SCZALL-291930-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT...CORRECTION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE COLUMBIA SC
1233 PM EST FRI MAR 29 1991

...SEVERE WEATHER POTENTIAL REMAINS HIGH FOR SOUTH CAROLINA...
...TORNADO WATCH CONTINUES UNTIL 5 PM EST FOR MUCH OF CENTRAL AND
WESTERN SOUTH CAROLINA...

AT 1215 PM EST RADAR SHOWED A LARGE AREA OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS
OVER SOUTH CAROLINA GENERALLY WEST OF A CHESTERFIELD TO AUGUSTA GA LINE.
THE INDIVIDUAL STORMS WERE MOVING NORTHEAST AT 40 TO 50 MPH WHILE THE
LEADING EDGE OF THE RAIN WAS MOVING EASTWARD AT ABOUT 25 MPH.

IN ADDITION...SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WERE RACING ACROSS CENTRAL GEORGIA NEAR
MACON AT ABOUT 60 MPH AND THESE STORMS HAVE A HISTORY OF PRODUCING OF
VERY STRONG WINDS. THESE SEVERE STORMS ARE EXPECTED TO CONTINUE
THROUGH EAST CENTRAL GEORGIA AND WILL LIKELY AFFECT PORTIONS OF
WESTERN AND CENTRAL SOUTH CAROLINA LATER THIS AFTERNOON. SEVERE WIND
DAMAGE..TORNADOES..AND LARGE HAIL REMAIN A DEFINITE POSSIBILITY. OTHER
SEVERE WEATHER WATCHES MAY BE ISSUED FOR THE REST OF SOUTH CAROLINA
LATER TODAY.

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL...STORM SPOTTERS..AND AMATEUR RADIO
OPERATORS SHOULD BE ACTIVATED IN THE WATCH AREA.

ALL INTERESTS IN SOUTH CAROLINA SHOULD BE ON THE ALERT AND BE READY TO
TAKE QUICK PROTECTIVE ACTION IF THREATENING WEATHER IS SIGHTED OR A
WARNING IS ISSUED FOR YOUR AREA.

PALMER
Special weather statement, Mar 29, 5:40 PM EST, 5 minutes before
SCZ005>008-300030-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE COLUMBIA SC
539 PM EST FRI MAR 29 1991

...TORNADO WATCH IN EFFECT UNTIL 11 PM EST FOR THE MIDLANDS AND
COASTAL AREAS OF SOUTH CAROLINA...

AT 535 PM EST AN AREA OF THUNDERSTORMS EXTENDED FROM 15 MILES SOUTH OF
CAMDEN THROUGH THE COLUMBIA METROPOLITAN AREA TO 15 MILES SOUTH OF
BAMBERG. THESE THUNDERSTORMS WERE MOVING EAST AT 45 MPH.

OTHER THUNDERSTORMS WERE LOCATED BETWEEN MANNING AND LAKE CITY...ALSO
MOVING EAST AT 45 MPH.

THESE THUNDERSTORMS WILL PRODUCE VERY HEAVY RAINS...GUSTY WINDS AND
DANGEROUS LIGHTNING. HEAVY RAINS FROM THESE THUNDERSTORMS MAY CAUSE
SOME FLOODING OF ROADS...ESPECIALLY IN LOW AREAS. MOTORISTS SHOULD
REDUCE SPEED AND BE PREPARED FOR PONDING OF WATER OF ROADS.

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS...INCLUDING TORNADOES...DAMAGING WINDS AND LARGE
HAIL REMAIN POSSIBLE OVER THE EASTERN PART OF SOUTH CAROLINA THIS
EVENING. PEOPLE REMAIN ALERT TO THE WEATHER| AND LISTEN TO TV...RADIO
OR NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR LATER STATEMENTS AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS.

ZIMMERMAN

The office that day

Everything else NWS Columbia, SC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Mar 29, 1:47 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCAEFairfield43 min
Mar 29, 2:09 PM ESTTornado WarningCAELexington, Saluda51 min
Mar 29, 2:30 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCAELexington45 min
Mar 29, 2:56 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCAEBamberg, Orangeburg64 min
Mar 29, 3:11 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCAEChesterfield49 min
Mar 29, 3:51 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCAELee, Sumter39 min
Mar 29, 4:05 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCAEDarlington, Florence40 min

Nearby

Tornado Warnings in South Carolina, 1991Every tornado warning in 1991Tornadoes in 1991

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; verification from NCEI's Storm Data; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive.