Alert archive / South Carolina / Tornado Warnings in 1991
Tornado Warning 5, NWS Columbia, SC
NWS Columbia, SC issued this tornado warning at Mar 29, 1991, 2:09 PM EST for Lexington County, Saluda County, South Carolina. It was in force for 51 min.
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- Mar 29, 1991, 2:09 PM EST (19:09 UTC)
- Expired
- Mar 29, 1991, 3:00 PM EST
- In force
- 51 min
- Issued by
- NWS Columbia, SC
- Area
- Whole counties
Counties Lexington County, SC, Saluda County, SC
The nearest sounding before it
Athens Municipal, GA (KAHN), launched 12:00Z, 7.2 hours before the alert went out and 166 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 450 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -10 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 625 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 67 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 293 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 356 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.9
- Supercell composite
- 4.1
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
000 TTAA00 KCAE 291910 TORCAE SCC063-081-292000- BULLETIN - EBS ACTIVATION REQUESTED TORNADO WARNING NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE COLUMBIA SC 209 PM EST FRI MAR 29 1991 THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN COLUMBIA HAS ISSUED A TORNADO WARNING EFFECTIVE UNTIL 300 PM EST FOR PEOPLE IN THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS... IN SOUTH CAROLINA ...WESTERN LEXINGTON COUNTY...SOUTHERN SALUDA COUNTY AT 208 PM EST RADAR INDICATED A POSSIBLE TORNADO 15 MILES SOUTH OF SALUDA...ALONG THE SALUDA/AIKEN COUNTY LINE. THIS WAS MOVING NORTHEAST AT 45 MPH. DO NOT STAY IN A CAR OR MOBILE HOME DURING A TORNADO. CARS AND MOBILE HOMES ARE EASILY TOSSED AROUND BY TORNADO WINDS. IF YOU ARE CAUGHT IN THE PATH OF A TORNADO...LEAVE THE CAR OR MOBILE HOME AND GO TO A STRONG BUILDING. IF NO STRUCTURE IS NEARBY...SEEK SHELTER IN A DITCH OR LOW SPOT. BE ALERT FOR FLOODING OF LOW AREAS. AMATEUR RADIO AND OTHER SPOTTERS ARE REQUESTED TO MONITOR THIS STORM AND RELAY REPORTS PROMPTLY TO -THE NEAREST NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE OFFICE. ZIMMERMAN
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
In the hours before
Special weather statement, Mar 29, 9:31 AM EST, 4 hours 38 minutes before
SCZALL-291730- SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE COLUMBIA SC 930 AM EST FRI MAR 29 1991 ...THE POTENTIAL FOR SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS AND POSSIBLE TORNADOES REMAINS HIGH FOR SOUTH CAROLINA TODAY INTO THIS EVENING... A MAJOR LOW PRESSURE AREA WAS LOCATED OVER WESTCENTRAL MISSISSIPPI EARLY THIS MORNING WITH A STATIONARY FRONT TO NEAR ASHVILLE NORTH CAROLINA. FROM THE LOW A COLD FRONT TRAILED INTO THE GULF OF MEXICO. THE LOW WILL MOVE ALONG THE STATIONARY FRONT TODAY AND TONIGHT REACHING NORTHEAST ALABAMA EARLY AFTERNOON AND THE VICINITY OF ASHVILLE THIS EVENING. MOIST...UNSTABLE AIR IS STREAMING NORTH AHEAD OF LOW FROM EASTERN MISSISSIPPI TO SOUTH CAROLINA. VERY STRONG WINDS ALOFT AND AT THE SURFACE WILL INTERACT WITH DEVELOPING THUNDERSTORMS AHEAD OF THE SYSTEM PRODUCING THE POTENTIAL FOR SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS AND POSSIBLE TORNADOES ACROSS SOUTH CAROLINA. THE THREAT OF SEVERE WEATHER WILL BEGIN OVER THE WESTERN PART OF SOUTH CAROLINA LATE MORNING. THIS INCLUDES THE AREA OF THE MOUNTAINS...FOOTHILLS AND PIEDMONT. THE SEVERE WEATHER THREAT WILL THEN MOVE EAST ACROSS THE MIDLANDS AND COASTAL AREA FROM EARLY AFTERNOON THROUGH THE EVENING. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL...STORM SPOTTER GROUPS...AND AMATEUR RADIO OPERATORS SHOULD REMAIN ALERT AND BE READY FOR ACTIVATION IF NECESSARY LATE THIS MORNING THROUGH EVENING. CHARNICK
Special weather statement, Mar 29, 10:35 AM EST, 3 hours 34 minutes before
GAZ007-SCZ004-006-291745- SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUGUSTA GA 1035 AM EST FRI MAR 29 1991 ...TORNADO WATCH IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM FOR MUCH OF GEORGIA AND PORTIONS OF WESTERN AND CENTRAL SOUTH CAROLINA...THIS INCLUDES ALL CENTRAL SAVANNAH RIVER AREA COUNTIES EXCEPT BARNWELL AND ALLENDALE IN SOUTH CAROLINA... AT 1025 AM NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RADAR INDICATED A LARGE AREA OF RAIN WITH EMBEDDED SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS OVER NORTHERN AND CENTRAL GEORGIA AND NORTHWEST SOUTH CAROLINA. THE THUNDERSTORMS WERE MOVING NORTHEAST AT 45 MPH. RESIDENTS OF THE WATCH AREA SHOULD BE ALERT FOR PERIODS OF VERY HEAVY RAINS...STRONG GUSTY WINDS...HAIL AND POSSIBLE TORNADOES.
Special weather statement, Mar 29, 11:18 AM EST, 2 hours 51 minutes before
SCZALL-291815- SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE COLUMBIA SC 1117 AM EST FRI MAR 29 1991 ...A TORNADO WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR CENTRAL AND WESTERN SOUTH CAROLINA UNTIL 500 PM EST THIS AFTERNOON... THE WATCH COVERS THE MOUNTAINS...FOOTHILLS...PIEDMONT...AND PORTIONS OF THE MIDLANDS. SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH DAMAGING WINDS AND HAIL ARE POSSIBLE IN THE WATCH AREA. SOME OF THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS MAY PRODUCE TORNADOES. AT 1115 AM RADAR SHOWED A WIDESPREAD AREA OF RAIN WITH EMBEDDED HEAVIER SHOWERS AND POSSIBLE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS WESTERN SOUTH CAROLINA. THE LEADING EDGE OF THE RAIN EXTENDED FROM LANCASTER TO 15 MILES WEST OF COLUMBIA TO NEAR AUGUSTA GEORGIA. THE LEADING EDGE OF THE RAIN WAS MOVING EASTWARD AT 25 MILES AN HOUR. THE HEAVIER SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WERE MOVING NORTHEAST AT 50 MILES AN HOUR. RADARS IN ADJACENT STATES SHOWED HEAVIER THUNDERSTORMS OVER GEORGIA AND SOUTHERN ALABAMA. THESE WILL BE MOVING INTO SOUTH CAROLINA BETWEEN NOON AND 200 PM. PERSONS IN SOUTH CAROLINA SHOULD CONTINUE ON THE ALERT THROUGH AFTERNOON AND EVENING. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL...STORM SPOTTER GROUPS... AND AMATEUR RADIO OPERATORS SHOULD BE ACTIVA:TED IN THE WATCH AREA AND FORWARD ANY DAMAGE REPORTS TO THE NEAREST LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY OR NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE OFFICE. CHARNICK
Special weather statement, Mar 29, 12:25 PM EST, 1 hour 44 minutes before
GAZ007-SCZ004-006-291945- SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUGUSTA GA 1230 PM EST FRI MAR 29 1991 ...TORNADO WATCH IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM FOR CENTRAL AND EASTERN GEORGIA AND PORTIONS OF WESTERN AND CENTRAL SOUTH CAROLINA...THIS INCLUDES ALL CENTRAL SAVANNAH RIVER AREA COUNTIES EXCEPT BARNWELL AND ALLENDALE IN SOUTH CAROLINA... 1220 PM NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RADAR INDICATED A LARGE AREA OF RAIN WITH EMBEDDED SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS OVER NORTHWEST SOUTH CAROLINA EXTENDING SOUTHWEST TO THE MACON AREA. THE STORMS WERE MOVING NORTHEAST 45 MPH. RESIDENTS OF THE WATCH AREA SHOULD BE ALERT FOR PERIODS OF VERY HEAVY RAINS...STRONG GUSTY WINDS...HAIL AND POSSIBLE TORNADOES.
Special weather statement, Mar 29, 12:35 PM EST, 1 hour 34 minutes before
SCZALL-291930- SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE COLUMBIA SC 1233 PM EST FRI MAR 29 1991 ...SEVERE WEATHER POTENTIAL REMAINS HIGH FOR SOUTH CAROLINA... ...TORNADO WATCH CONTINUES UNTIL 5 PM EST FOR MUCH OF CENTRAL AND WESTERN SOUTH CAROLINA... AT 1215 PM EST RADAR SHOWED A LARGE AREA OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS OVER SOUTH CAROLINA GENERALLY WEST OF A CHESTERFIELD TO AUGUSTA GA LIN THE INDIVIDUAL STORMS WERE MOVING NORTHEAST AT 40 TO 50 MPH WHILE THE LEADING EDGE OF THE RAIN WAS MOVING EASTWARD AT ABOUT 25 MPH. IN ADDITION...SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WERE RACING ACROSS CENTRAL GEORGIA MACON AT ABOUT 60 MPH AND THESE STORMS HAVE A HISTORY OF PRODUCING OF VERY STRONG WINDS. THESE SEVERE STORMS ARE EXPECTED TO CONTINUE THROUGH EAST CENTRAL GEORGIA AND WILL LIKELY AFFECT PORTIONS OF WESTERN AND CENTRAL SOUTH CAROLINA LATER THIS AFTERNOON. SEVERE WIND DAMAGE..TORNADOES..AND LARGE HAIL REMAIN A DEFINITE POSSIBILITY. OTHER SEVERE WEATHER WATCHES MAY BE ISSUED FOR THE REST OF SOUTH CAROLINA LATER TODAY. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL...STORM SPOTTERS..AND AMATEUR RADIO OPERATORS SHOULD BE ACTIVATED IN THE WATCH AREA. ALL INTERESTS IN SOUTH CAROLINA SHOULD BE ON THE ALERT AND BE READY TO TAKE QUICK PROTECTIVE ACTION IF THREATENING WEATHER IS SIGHTED OF A WARNING IS ISSUED FOR YOUR AREA. PALMER
Special weather statement, Mar 29, 12:40 PM EST, 1 hour 29 minutes before
SCZALL-291930- SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT...CORRECTION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE COLUMBIA SC 1233 PM EST FRI MAR 29 1991 ...SEVERE WEATHER POTENTIAL REMAINS HIGH FOR SOUTH CAROLINA... ...TORNADO WATCH CONTINUES UNTIL 5 PM EST FOR MUCH OF CENTRAL AND WESTERN SOUTH CAROLINA... AT 1215 PM EST RADAR SHOWED A LARGE AREA OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS OVER SOUTH CAROLINA GENERALLY WEST OF A CHESTERFIELD TO AUGUSTA GA LINE. THE INDIVIDUAL STORMS WERE MOVING NORTHEAST AT 40 TO 50 MPH WHILE THE LEADING EDGE OF THE RAIN WAS MOVING EASTWARD AT ABOUT 25 MPH. IN ADDITION...SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WERE RACING ACROSS CENTRAL GEORGIA NEAR MACON AT ABOUT 60 MPH AND THESE STORMS HAVE A HISTORY OF PRODUCING OF VERY STRONG WINDS. THESE SEVERE STORMS ARE EXPECTED TO CONTINUE THROUGH EAST CENTRAL GEORGIA AND WILL LIKELY AFFECT PORTIONS OF WESTERN AND CENTRAL SOUTH CAROLINA LATER THIS AFTERNOON. SEVERE WIND DAMAGE..TORNADOES..AND LARGE HAIL REMAIN A DEFINITE POSSIBILITY. OTHER SEVERE WEATHER WATCHES MAY BE ISSUED FOR THE REST OF SOUTH CAROLINA LATER TODAY. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL...STORM SPOTTERS..AND AMATEUR RADIO OPERATORS SHOULD BE ACTIVATED IN THE WATCH AREA. ALL INTERESTS IN SOUTH CAROLINA SHOULD BE ON THE ALERT AND BE READY TO TAKE QUICK PROTECTIVE ACTION IF THREATENING WEATHER IS SIGHTED OR A WARNING IS ISSUED FOR YOUR AREA. PALMER
The office that day
Everything else NWS Columbia, SC issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mar 29, 1:47 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CAE | Fairfield | 43 min |
| Mar 29, 2:30 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CAE | Lexington | 45 min |
| Mar 29, 2:56 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CAE | Bamberg, Orangeburg | 64 min |
| Mar 29, 3:11 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CAE | Chesterfield | 49 min |
| Mar 29, 3:51 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CAE | Lee, Sumter | 39 min |
| Mar 29, 4:05 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CAE | Darlington, Florence | 40 min |
| Mar 29, 5:45 PM EST | Tornado Warning | CAE | Orangeburg | 45 min |
Nearby
Tornado Warnings in South Carolina, 1991Every tornado warning in 1991Tornadoes in 1991
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive.