Alert archive / South Carolina / Tornado Warnings in 1991

Tornado Warning 5, NWS Columbia, SC

March 29, 1991Lexington County, Saluda County, South Carolina

NWS Columbia, SC issued this tornado warning at Mar 29, 1991, 2:09 PM EST for Lexington County, Saluda County, South Carolina. It was in force for 51 min.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Mar 29, 1991, 2:09 PM EST (19:09 UTC)
Expired
Mar 29, 1991, 3:00 PM EST
In force
51 min
Issued by
NWS Columbia, SC
Area
Whole counties

Counties Lexington County, SC, Saluda County, SC

The nearest sounding before it

Athens Municipal, GA (KAHN), launched 12:00Z, 7.2 hours before the alert went out and 166 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Athens Municipal, GA at 12:00Z on 1991-03-29Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 450 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Athens Municipal, GA at 12:00Z on 1991-03-29The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 293 square meters per square second.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
450 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-10 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
625 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
67 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
293 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
356 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.9
Supercell composite
4.1

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
TTAA00 KCAE 291910
TORCAE
SCC063-081-292000-
 
BULLETIN - EBS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
TORNADO WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE COLUMBIA SC
209 PM EST FRI MAR 29 1991
 
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN COLUMBIA HAS ISSUED A
TORNADO WARNING EFFECTIVE UNTIL  300 PM EST
FOR PEOPLE IN THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS...
 
IN  SOUTH CAROLINA
 
   ...WESTERN LEXINGTON COUNTY...SOUTHERN SALUDA COUNTY
 
AT 208 PM EST RADAR INDICATED A POSSIBLE TORNADO 15 MILES SOUTH OF
SALUDA...ALONG THE SALUDA/AIKEN COUNTY LINE. THIS WAS MOVING NORTHEAST
AT 45 MPH.
 
 
DO NOT STAY IN A CAR OR MOBILE HOME DURING A TORNADO.  CARS AND
MOBILE HOMES ARE EASILY TOSSED AROUND BY TORNADO WINDS.  IF YOU ARE
CAUGHT IN THE PATH OF A TORNADO...LEAVE THE CAR OR MOBILE HOME AND
GO TO A STRONG BUILDING.  IF NO STRUCTURE IS NEARBY...SEEK SHELTER
IN A DITCH OR LOW SPOT.  BE ALERT FOR FLOODING OF LOW AREAS.
 
AMATEUR RADIO AND OTHER SPOTTERS ARE REQUESTED TO MONITOR THIS
STORM AND RELAY REPORTS PROMPTLY TO -THE NEAREST NATIONAL
WEATHER SERVICE OFFICE.
 
ZIMMERMAN

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Mar 29, 9:31 AM EST, 4 hours 38 minutes before
SCZALL-291730-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE COLUMBIA SC
930 AM EST FRI MAR 29 1991

...THE POTENTIAL FOR SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS AND POSSIBLE TORNADOES
REMAINS HIGH FOR SOUTH CAROLINA TODAY INTO THIS EVENING...

A MAJOR LOW PRESSURE AREA WAS LOCATED OVER WESTCENTRAL MISSISSIPPI
EARLY THIS MORNING WITH A STATIONARY FRONT TO NEAR ASHVILLE NORTH
CAROLINA. FROM THE LOW A COLD FRONT TRAILED INTO THE GULF OF
MEXICO. THE LOW WILL MOVE ALONG THE STATIONARY FRONT TODAY AND
TONIGHT REACHING NORTHEAST ALABAMA EARLY AFTERNOON AND THE
VICINITY OF ASHVILLE THIS EVENING.

MOIST...UNSTABLE AIR IS STREAMING NORTH AHEAD OF LOW FROM EASTERN
MISSISSIPPI TO SOUTH CAROLINA. VERY STRONG WINDS ALOFT AND AT THE
SURFACE WILL INTERACT WITH DEVELOPING THUNDERSTORMS AHEAD OF
THE SYSTEM PRODUCING THE POTENTIAL FOR SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
AND POSSIBLE TORNADOES ACROSS SOUTH CAROLINA.

THE THREAT OF SEVERE WEATHER WILL BEGIN OVER THE WESTERN PART
OF SOUTH CAROLINA LATE MORNING. THIS INCLUDES THE AREA OF
THE MOUNTAINS...FOOTHILLS AND PIEDMONT.

THE SEVERE WEATHER THREAT WILL THEN MOVE EAST ACROSS THE MIDLANDS
AND COASTAL AREA FROM EARLY AFTERNOON THROUGH THE EVENING.

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL...STORM SPOTTER GROUPS...AND
AMATEUR RADIO OPERATORS SHOULD REMAIN ALERT AND BE READY FOR
ACTIVATION IF NECESSARY LATE THIS MORNING THROUGH EVENING.

CHARNICK
Special weather statement, Mar 29, 10:35 AM EST, 3 hours 34 minutes before
GAZ007-SCZ004-006-291745-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUGUSTA GA
1035 AM EST FRI MAR 29 1991

...TORNADO WATCH IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM FOR MUCH OF GEORGIA AND PORTIONS
OF WESTERN AND CENTRAL SOUTH CAROLINA...THIS INCLUDES ALL CENTRAL
SAVANNAH RIVER AREA COUNTIES EXCEPT BARNWELL AND ALLENDALE IN SOUTH
CAROLINA...

AT 1025 AM NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RADAR INDICATED A LARGE AREA OF
RAIN WITH EMBEDDED SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS OVER NORTHERN AND CENTRAL
GEORGIA AND NORTHWEST SOUTH CAROLINA. THE THUNDERSTORMS WERE MOVING
NORTHEAST AT 45 MPH.

RESIDENTS OF THE WATCH AREA SHOULD BE ALERT FOR PERIODS OF VERY HEAVY
RAINS...STRONG GUSTY WINDS...HAIL AND POSSIBLE TORNADOES.
Special weather statement, Mar 29, 11:18 AM EST, 2 hours 51 minutes before
SCZALL-291815-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE COLUMBIA SC
1117 AM EST FRI MAR 29 1991

...A TORNADO WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR CENTRAL AND WESTERN SOUTH CAROLINA
UNTIL 500 PM EST THIS AFTERNOON...

THE WATCH COVERS THE MOUNTAINS...FOOTHILLS...PIEDMONT...AND
PORTIONS OF THE MIDLANDS. SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH DAMAGING
WINDS AND HAIL ARE POSSIBLE IN THE WATCH AREA. SOME OF THE
SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS MAY PRODUCE TORNADOES.

AT 1115 AM RADAR SHOWED A WIDESPREAD AREA OF RAIN WITH EMBEDDED
HEAVIER SHOWERS AND POSSIBLE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS WESTERN SOUTH
CAROLINA. THE LEADING EDGE OF THE RAIN EXTENDED FROM LANCASTER
TO 15 MILES WEST OF COLUMBIA TO NEAR AUGUSTA GEORGIA. THE
LEADING EDGE OF THE RAIN WAS MOVING EASTWARD AT 25 MILES AN
HOUR. THE HEAVIER SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WERE MOVING
NORTHEAST AT 50 MILES AN HOUR.

RADARS IN ADJACENT STATES SHOWED HEAVIER THUNDERSTORMS OVER
GEORGIA AND SOUTHERN ALABAMA. THESE WILL BE MOVING INTO
SOUTH CAROLINA BETWEEN NOON AND 200 PM.

PERSONS IN SOUTH CAROLINA SHOULD CONTINUE ON THE ALERT THROUGH
AFTERNOON AND EVENING.

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL...STORM SPOTTER GROUPS...
AND AMATEUR RADIO OPERATORS SHOULD BE ACTIVA:TED IN THE
WATCH AREA AND FORWARD ANY DAMAGE REPORTS TO THE NEAREST
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY OR NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE OFFICE.

CHARNICK
Special weather statement, Mar 29, 12:25 PM EST, 1 hour 44 minutes before
GAZ007-SCZ004-006-291945-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUGUSTA GA
1230 PM EST FRI MAR 29 1991

...TORNADO WATCH IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM FOR CENTRAL AND EASTERN GEORGIA
AND PORTIONS OF WESTERN AND CENTRAL SOUTH CAROLINA...THIS INCLUDES ALL
CENTRAL SAVANNAH RIVER AREA COUNTIES EXCEPT BARNWELL AND ALLENDALE IN
SOUTH CAROLINA...

1220 PM NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RADAR INDICATED A LARGE AREA OF
RAIN WITH EMBEDDED SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS OVER NORTHWEST SOUTH
CAROLINA EXTENDING SOUTHWEST TO THE MACON AREA. THE STORMS WERE
MOVING NORTHEAST 45 MPH.

RESIDENTS OF THE WATCH AREA SHOULD BE ALERT FOR PERIODS OF VERY HEAVY
RAINS...STRONG GUSTY WINDS...HAIL AND POSSIBLE TORNADOES.
Special weather statement, Mar 29, 12:35 PM EST, 1 hour 34 minutes before
SCZALL-291930-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE COLUMBIA SC
1233 PM EST FRI MAR 29 1991

...SEVERE WEATHER POTENTIAL REMAINS HIGH FOR SOUTH CAROLINA...
...TORNADO WATCH CONTINUES UNTIL 5 PM EST FOR MUCH OF CENTRAL AND
WESTERN SOUTH CAROLINA...

AT 1215 PM EST RADAR SHOWED A LARGE AREA OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS
OVER SOUTH CAROLINA GENERALLY WEST OF A CHESTERFIELD TO AUGUSTA GA LIN
THE INDIVIDUAL STORMS WERE MOVING NORTHEAST AT 40 TO 50 MPH WHILE THE
LEADING EDGE OF THE RAIN WAS MOVING EASTWARD AT ABOUT 25 MPH.

IN ADDITION...SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WERE RACING ACROSS CENTRAL GEORGIA
MACON AT ABOUT 60 MPH AND THESE STORMS HAVE A HISTORY OF PRODUCING OF
VERY STRONG WINDS. THESE SEVERE STORMS ARE EXPECTED TO CONTINUE
THROUGH EAST CENTRAL GEORGIA AND WILL LIKELY AFFECT PORTIONS OF
WESTERN AND CENTRAL SOUTH CAROLINA LATER THIS AFTERNOON. SEVERE WIND
DAMAGE..TORNADOES..AND LARGE HAIL REMAIN A DEFINITE POSSIBILITY. OTHER
SEVERE WEATHER WATCHES MAY BE ISSUED FOR THE REST OF SOUTH CAROLINA
LATER TODAY.

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL...STORM SPOTTERS..AND AMATEUR RADIO
OPERATORS SHOULD BE ACTIVATED IN THE WATCH AREA.

ALL INTERESTS IN SOUTH CAROLINA SHOULD BE ON THE ALERT AND BE READY TO
TAKE QUICK PROTECTIVE ACTION IF THREATENING WEATHER IS SIGHTED OF A
WARNING IS ISSUED FOR YOUR AREA.

PALMER
Special weather statement, Mar 29, 12:40 PM EST, 1 hour 29 minutes before
SCZALL-291930-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT...CORRECTION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE COLUMBIA SC
1233 PM EST FRI MAR 29 1991

...SEVERE WEATHER POTENTIAL REMAINS HIGH FOR SOUTH CAROLINA...
...TORNADO WATCH CONTINUES UNTIL 5 PM EST FOR MUCH OF CENTRAL AND
WESTERN SOUTH CAROLINA...

AT 1215 PM EST RADAR SHOWED A LARGE AREA OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS
OVER SOUTH CAROLINA GENERALLY WEST OF A CHESTERFIELD TO AUGUSTA GA LINE.
THE INDIVIDUAL STORMS WERE MOVING NORTHEAST AT 40 TO 50 MPH WHILE THE
LEADING EDGE OF THE RAIN WAS MOVING EASTWARD AT ABOUT 25 MPH.

IN ADDITION...SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WERE RACING ACROSS CENTRAL GEORGIA NEAR
MACON AT ABOUT 60 MPH AND THESE STORMS HAVE A HISTORY OF PRODUCING OF
VERY STRONG WINDS. THESE SEVERE STORMS ARE EXPECTED TO CONTINUE
THROUGH EAST CENTRAL GEORGIA AND WILL LIKELY AFFECT PORTIONS OF
WESTERN AND CENTRAL SOUTH CAROLINA LATER THIS AFTERNOON. SEVERE WIND
DAMAGE..TORNADOES..AND LARGE HAIL REMAIN A DEFINITE POSSIBILITY. OTHER
SEVERE WEATHER WATCHES MAY BE ISSUED FOR THE REST OF SOUTH CAROLINA
LATER TODAY.

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL...STORM SPOTTERS..AND AMATEUR RADIO
OPERATORS SHOULD BE ACTIVATED IN THE WATCH AREA.

ALL INTERESTS IN SOUTH CAROLINA SHOULD BE ON THE ALERT AND BE READY TO
TAKE QUICK PROTECTIVE ACTION IF THREATENING WEATHER IS SIGHTED OR A
WARNING IS ISSUED FOR YOUR AREA.

PALMER

The office that day

Everything else NWS Columbia, SC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Mar 29, 1:47 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCAEFairfield43 min
Mar 29, 2:30 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCAELexington45 min
Mar 29, 2:56 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCAEBamberg, Orangeburg64 min
Mar 29, 3:11 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCAEChesterfield49 min
Mar 29, 3:51 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCAELee, Sumter39 min
Mar 29, 4:05 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCAEDarlington, Florence40 min
Mar 29, 5:45 PM ESTTornado WarningCAEOrangeburg45 min

Nearby

Tornado Warnings in South Carolina, 1991Every tornado warning in 1991Tornadoes in 1991

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive.