October 2, 1906 Tsunami: Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea
A tsunami caused by a magnitude 7.2 earthquake began at Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea on October 2, 1906 at 01:50 UTC. The water rose as high as 1.2 meters. Its effects were recorded at 2 places.
Where the waves reached
The source (white) and every runup with a place, colored by the water height recorded there. A ring is a runup NCEI marks doubtful.
- Under 1 m
- 1 to 3 m
- 3 to 10 m
- 10 to 30 m
- 30 m and more
- Height not recorded
Travel times
How long the first wave took to reach each part of the ocean, one line for each hour up to 24, estimated from the source and the depth of the sea.
The travel times are computed in your browser, which needs JavaScript.
- 1 to 4 hours
- 5 to 6 hours
- 7 to 14 hours
- 15 hours and more
Computed in your browser the way NOAA’s own travel time maps are: the wave travels at the square root of gravity times the depth, over NOAA’s ETOPO1 depths averaged to a 10 arc-minute grid. Checked against NOAA NCEI’s maps for 21 tsunamis over the first 24 hours, these lines fall within 10 minutes of NCEI’s at half the points compared and within 52 minutes at 9 in 10. They give when the first wave could arrive, not how high it is; bays, harbors and island chains finer than the grid can see it later. Not for use in a warning: see tsunami.gov.
The tsunami
- Date
- October 2, 1906, 01:50 UTC
- Source
- Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea
- Cause
- Earthquake
- Earthquake
- Magnitude 7.2
- Maximum water height
- 1.2 m (3.9 ft)
- Runups recorded
- 2
- Tsunami intensity (Soloviev-Imamura)
- 1.5
- Waters
- Ocean
- How certain
- Probable tsunami
- Source location
- 4.000° S, 149.000° E
The toll
- Damage
- Limited (under about $1 million) with the earthquake or eruption that caused it
Where the literature gives no number, NCEI records a description on a scale of 1 to 4, printed here in its words. Damage is in millions of US dollars of the year of the event, not adjusted for inflation.
What the record says
NCEI’s account, from the sources it cites.
Reference #414:
On October 2, 1906 at 11:35 a.m. [local time], validity 3, the strongest aftershock of the earthquake on Sept 14, 1906, occurred. This earthquake was again followed by tidal waves which lasted a little less than 2 hours in Finsh Harbor. Although the water level rose only 1 m above the normal mark, the movement of the water was much stronger than it had been a month ago.
Reference #99:
1906, October 2. At 1 p.m. the tidal disturbances commenced. It was then about half tide; the sea was very calm, and but little wind blowing. The water suddenly ran out about 30 feet further than the lowest usual low water mark, and as suddenly ran back to considerably higher than the usual high water level, flooding all the surface of the foreshore of Buna Bay, and flowing under all the houses to a depth of about 6 inches. The ebb and flow continued at intervals of about 3 minutes for about half an hour. During this time some excitement prevailed, as it was impossible to judge how far each succeeding flow might rise. At the lowest point during the ebb the reefs in the bay were all exposed to view, apparently about 2 feet more than at usual lowest tides. At the flow the water broke in great waves against the western side of the Bay, and came in a steady flood gradually but quickly rising on the eastern side of the bay. The total rise and fall of water was 8 feet. The tidal disturbance after the first half-hour gradually became less severe and at longer intervals until about 4 p.m. it was very slight.
Every runup
Nearest the source first. Heights are above sea level at the time; a tide gauge reads half the wave’s full height.
| Where | Country | Km from source | Water height, m | Inland, m | Measured by | First wave, UTC | Deaths |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finschhafen | Papua New Guinea | 314 | 1 | Eyewitness observation of water height | day 2, 04:00 | ||
| Buna Bay | Papua New Guinea | 520 | 1.2 | Eyewitness observation of water height |
More
Every tsunami in 1906The 1900sTsunamis of Papua New GuineaThe earthquakeThis day in weather historyAlerts in force
Sources
Tsunami events and runups from NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Hazard Database, cited as NCEI/WDS, doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Public domain. Read 2026-09-24. NCEI tsunami event 1344.