April 4, 1905 Tsunami: Kangra, India

Reference #96: April 5, 1905, near Kangra, magnitude 8.6, tsunami mentioned.

Reference #4182: “The water in ordinary ”tanks," or local reservoirs, was often visibly affected by the earthquake and thrown into waves or overflowed their edges, at localities where the shock was otherwise not felt. This was a common phenomenon round about Calcutta, at Ahmedabad, Bombay, and other places. In the case of tanks divided by partitions, the latter commonly burst. On many canals the water wave due to the shock was also distinctly noted.

Reference #13785: Middlemiss (1905) reports about a stream bed at Ambala (located in the Punjab plains), which was previously dry, but was covered by water after the earthquake. Here the subsoil water was reported to have been forced out in five-feet-high jets, leaving little cones of sand of 1 to 0.5 feet high. From Dhanora (Karnal District, Punjab) near theWestern Jhelum Canal bank, fifteen springs of water were reported to have “burst out from the earth” along a 100-feet-long stretch in the north–south direction. Several parallel fissures (the largest was 10 feet long) were reported from the bank of Solani stream, near the town of Roorkee, from which sand and water were poured out. Several crater-like hollows were also seen in this area, which most probably represent what could be termed as ‘sandblows.’

Reference #12345 lists validity 3 or probable tsunami (accessed April 2024)

Reference #13786:

lists seiches in various canals

"The Postmaster at Srinagar (Garhwal) (see p. 186) reported the Ganges “stopped during the earthquake."

At Srinagar, Kashmir, Mr. B. Thornhill, Chief Engineer, Kashmir Railway Survey, noticed a wave or swirl of water coming down the river from his house-boat. At Kalabagh the waters of the Indus were “disturbed and ran up the banks."

“At Gorakpur on the Kapti river a tidal wave was observed and it left its marks on the river banks” (p. 347)

“Sargodha., Mr. J. Middleton, Assistant Engineer. One continuous shock at first rapid to and fro and gradually getting slower but larger oscillation. Three and a half minutes’ duration Direction W., E. by punkah and by water in irrigation channels. It was distinctly felt. He went outside hastily. After the shock there was a tidal wave came down the canal N., S. No sound.” (p. 218)

“Gorakpur., Mr. J. Gilmore, District Surveyor, P. W. D. He was in the open air driving. He did not feel the shock, but on arriving at the Kapti River at 6-20 he was informed by a number of people that a tidal wave had been observed, and he saw the marks of the crest line on both banks. Also at Ami River where he was building a bridge he was told that water in the bridge foundation wells was much agitated, spilling over the top E., W.” (p. 248)