April 4, 1905 Earthquake: Kangra, India
A magnitude 7.9 earthquake struck Kangra, India on April 4, 1905 at 00:49:59 UTC, 20 km below the surface. It killed 19,000 people.
Map
Where it struck, with the other significant earthquakes within 200 km. Circles are sized and colored by magnitude; select one for its page.
The earthquake
- Date
- April 4, 1905
- Time
- 00:49:59 UTC
- Place
- Kangra, India
- Magnitude
- 7.9 (Mw)
- Focal depth
- 20 km (12 mi)
- Intensity
- 10 on the Modified Mercalli scale
- Tsunami
- Yes: the tsunami it caused
- Epicenter
- 32.597° N, 76.916° E
- Country
- India
The toll
- Deaths
- 19,000
- Damage
- $25 million
- Houses destroyed
- 100,000
Where the literature gives no number, NCEI records a description on a scale of 1 to 4, printed here in its words. Damage is in millions of US dollars of the year of the event, not adjusted for inflation.
What the record says
NCEI’s account, from the sources it cites.
April 4, 1905, 00:50 UTC, 33 N, 76 E, shallow depth, magnitude 8.6 MS. (reference #88)
April 4, 1905, 00:50 UTC, 33 N, 76 E, magnitude 8 MS. (reference #130)
April 4, 1905. Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, magnitude 8.6, 19,000 dead. (reference #1002)
April 4, 1905, India: Kangra, magnitude 8.6. 19,000 deaths. Epicentral area, including Kangra, on Tertiary rocks in the Himalaya foothills. (reference #1003)
April 4, 1905. Kangra. The earliest large Indian earthquake for which a well documented instrumental magnitude (8.62) can be assigned. This was a great disaster; the loss of life is stated as 19,000. Instrumental data are not adequate to fix the epicenter. The meizoseismal area, including Kangra, was on the Tertiary rocks of the foothills of the Himalaya. An isolated area of high intensity, lower than that at Kangra but not approached elsewhere, included Dehra Dun, also in the foothills; this was separated from the Kangra meizoseismal area by about 100 miles. The available evidence does not support the idea of two separate earthquakes; it is more likely that there was a great linear extent of faulting. (reference #1006)
April 14, 1905-Mag. 8, Epicentre 33 N, 76 E. Kangra. Felt over an area 1,625,000 sq. miles. 20,000 lives lost. Kangra, Dharamshala and neighbouring places completely ruined. Origin attributed by C. S. Middlemiss to movement along one of the reversed Himalayan faults, at considerable depth. (reference #1095)
April 4, 1905, 33 N, 76 E, magnitude 8. Felt over an area of 1,625,000 sq miles. 20,000 lives lost. Kangra, Dharausala and neighbouring places completely ruined. Origin attributed by C.S. Middlemiss to movement along one of Himalayan reversed faults. (reference #1100)
April 4, 1905, 00:50 UTC, 33 N, 76 E, magnitude 8.6, depth 25 km. Catastrophic earthquake in which a large number of people were killed in the region between Kangra and Dera Dun. The loss of life is stated as 19,000. The shock was felt with an intensity VII at Chamba, Patankot, Lahore, Nagan, Bajaura, Bilaspur and Kasauli. At Tir, Dera Dun and Saharanpur, VIII. The shock was felt in Quetta, with a radius of perceptibility of more than 1,200 km. Probable faulting extending from Kangra to Dera Dun. (reference #1101)
April 4, 1905. Kangra, Himachal. 33 N, 76 E, intensity X, magnitude 9 MS. (reference #1212)
April 4, 1905, 33 N, 76 E, magnitude 8.6. (reference #1276)
Magnitude 7.8 MS. (reference #1700)
April 4, 1905, 00:49:59.23 UTC, 32.597 N 76.916 E, magnitude 7.9 Mw (reference #10476, v. 10)
20,000 deaths, 25 million USD total damages (reference #1250)
Other significant earthquakes nearby
Within 200 km, the deadliest first.
- January 19, 1975, Kinnaur District, Kashmir, India
- August 23, 1980, Kashmir, India
- April 26, 1986, Dharmsala, Lahore, Pakistan, Kashmir, India
- May 1, 2013, Doda, Kishtwar, Ramban, Kashmir, India
- June 13, 2023, Kishtwar, Kashmir, India
- August 2, 2013, Kishtwar, Kashmir, India
- August 23, 1980, Kashmir, India
- May 19, 2009, Kashmir, India
- September 1555, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
- June 6, 1885, Kashmir, India
More
Significant earthquakes of 1905The 1900sEvery quake the USGS located in 1905Recent earthquakes near hereThis day in weather history
Sources
Significant earthquakes from NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Hazard Database, cited as NCEI/WDS, doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Public domain. Read 2026-09-24. NCEI earthquake 2709.