Tsunamis in 1859

June 28, 1859 Tsunami: N. Moluccas Islands, Indonesia

June 28, 1859 · 10 m · Definite tsunami

A tsunami caused by a magnitude 7 earthquake began at N. Moluccas Islands, Indonesia on June 28, 1859. The water rose as high as 10 meters. Its effects were recorded at 4 places.

Where the waves reached

The source (white) and every runup with a place, colored by the water height recorded there. A ring is a runup NCEI marks doubtful.

  • Under 1 m
  • 1 to 3 m
  • 3 to 10 m
  • 10 to 30 m
  • 30 m and more
  • Height not recorded

Tsunami warnings in force

Travel times

How long the first wave took to reach each part of the ocean, one line for each hour up to 24, estimated from the source and the depth of the sea.

The travel times are computed in your browser, which needs JavaScript.

  • 1 to 4 hours
  • 5 to 6 hours
  • 7 to 14 hours
  • 15 hours and more

Computed in your browser the way NOAA’s own travel time maps are: the wave travels at the square root of gravity times the depth, over NOAA’s ETOPO1 depths averaged to a 10 arc-minute grid. Checked against NOAA NCEI’s maps for 21 tsunamis over the first 24 hours, these lines fall within 10 minutes of NCEI’s at half the points compared and within 52 minutes at 9 in 10. They give when the first wave could arrive, not how high it is; bays, harbors and island chains finer than the grid can see it later. Not for use in a warning: see tsunami.gov.

The tsunami

Date
June 28, 1859
Source
N. Moluccas Islands, Indonesia
Cause
Earthquake
Earthquake
Magnitude 7
Maximum water height
10 m (32.8 ft)
Runups recorded
4
Tsunami intensity (Soloviev-Imamura)
3
Tsunami magnitude (Iida)
3.2
Waters
Ocean
How certain
Definite tsunami
Source location
1.000° N, 126.500° E

The toll

The record gives no deaths, injuries or damage for this tsunami.

What the record says

NCEI’s account, from the sources it cites.

Reference #414:

1859, June 28, after 20:00 [local time]. There was a strong earthquake in Kema. It recurred at midnight and was accompanied by such strong movements of the sea that one of the government ships riding at anchor at a depth of 4.5 m was run aground. There was a rather strong and prolonged earthquake on Ternate Island. It was preceded by a loud underground rumble, like distant peals of thunder, and was accompanied by oscillations in sea level. Two proas ran aground, but were washed out again by the subsequent wave. At Sindangoli, on the western shore of Halmahera Island, the tsunami reached a height of 10 m.

Reference #79:

9 m wave on the west coast of Halmahera Island.

Reference #11528:

1859, May 28. Sldangola Bay, Ternate; east Sulawesi: At around 8:30 p.m. and midnight shocks were accompanied by waves that threw a government schooner onto the beach at Kemu, north Celebes. In Ternate also, a strong quake was felt and ships began to roll in the roadstead. Two small boats were thrown on the beach. At the Bay of Sidangoli on the west coast of Halmahera the tsunami reached over 10 m. likely source; Sangihe megathrust.

Reference #40:

1859, June 28. Indonesia, west coast of Halmahera. Wave 9 meters (30 feet) high. Moderate at Kema 01o22'N., 125o04'E.) north Celebes. Several proas thrown on the shore, (Heck 1947).

Reference #132:

1859, June 28. Dutch East Indies, west coast of Halmahera. Wave 30 feet high. Moderate at Kema, North Celebes Islands. Several proas thrown on the shore.

Every runup

Nearest the source first. Heights are above sea level at the time; a tide gauge reads half the wave’s full height.

WhereCountryKm from sourceWater height, mInland, mMeasured byFirst wave, UTCDeaths
Ternate IslandIndonesia100Eyewitness observation of water height
Sidangoli, Halmahera, W. CoastIndonesia11210Eyewitness observation of water height
Kema, Sulawesi IslandIndonesia164Eyewitness observation of water height
Manado, Sulawesi IslandIndonesia193Eyewitness observation of water height

More

Every tsunami in 1859The 1800sTsunamis of IndonesiaThe earthquakeThis day in weather historyAlerts in force

Sources

Tsunami events and runups from NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Hazard Database, cited as NCEI/WDS, doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Public domain. Read 2026-09-24. NCEI tsunami event 880.