February 22, 1099 Tsunami: Nankaido, Japan
A tsunami caused by a magnitude 8.4 earthquake began at Nankaido, Japan on February 22, 1099. Its effects were recorded at 1 place.
Where the waves reached
The source (white) and every runup with a place, colored by the water height recorded there. A ring is a runup NCEI marks doubtful.
- Under 1 m
- 1 to 3 m
- 3 to 10 m
- 10 to 30 m
- 30 m and more
- Height not recorded
The tsunami
- Date
- February 22, 1099
- Source
- Nankaido, Japan
- Cause
- Earthquake
- Earthquake
- Magnitude 8.4
- Runups recorded
- 1
- Tsunami magnitude (Iida)
- 2.5
- Waters
- Ocean
- How certain
- Definite tsunami
- Source location
- 33.000° N, 135.500° E
The toll
- Damage
- Limited (under about $1 million)
Where the literature gives no number, NCEI records a description on a scale of 1 to 4, printed here in its words. Damage is in millions of US dollars of the year of the event, not adjusted for inflation.
What the record says
NCEI’s account, from the sources it cites.
About 1,000ha sunk under the sea in Tosa. (reference #150)
Every runup
Nearest the source first. Heights are above sea level at the time; a tide gauge reads half the wave’s full height.
| Where | Country | Km from source | Water height, m | Inland, m | Measured by | First wave, UTC | Deaths |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nankaido Coast | Japan | 0 | Eyewitness observation of water height |
More
Every tsunami in 1099The 1000sTsunamis of JapanThe earthquakeThis day in weather historyAlerts in force
Sources
Tsunami events and runups from NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Hazard Database, cited as NCEI/WDS, doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Public domain. Read 2026-09-24. NCEI tsunami event 2992.