Tornadoes · United States · Tennessee · 2011

EF0 tornado, Ragsdale to Manchester Ragsdale, Tennessee, April 27, 2011

From Ragsdale to Manchester Ragsdale, this EF0 tornado ran 1.7 miles across Coffee County on April 27, 2011, touching down at 6:45 AM CDT and reaching 50 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $5,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. EF065 to 85 mphthis tornado

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. EF186 to 110 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. EF2111 to 135 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. EF3136 to 165 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. EF4166 to 200 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. EF5over 200 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
EF0
Date
April 27, 2011
Touchdown
6:45 AM CDT (11:45 UTC)
Lifted
6:46 AM CDT (11:46 UTC)
On the ground
1 minutes
Path length
1.7 miles (2.7 km)
Path width
50 yards (46 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$5,000
Crop damage
$5,000
County
Coffee County
Touchdown point
35.527, -85.997
Lift-off point
35.533, -85.969
Record number
1104270545-01

What the Weather Service recorded

During the early morning hours on Wednesday, April 27th, twelve tornadoes occurred across Middle Tennessee. Seven of these were EF0 tornadoes and five of these were EF1 tornadoes. Numerous thunderstorm wind damage events, along with several flash flooding events, occurred across the mid state also. This severe weather outbreak was the result of a very unstable airmass across Middle Tennessee ahead of a strong frontal system, with a warm front positioned near the Tennessee/Alabama border. As this frontal system pushed across the area through the remainder of the morning through the early evening hours, several thunderstorm wind and flash flood events also occurred as additional severe thunderstorms developed.

An EF0 tornado with maximum winds 70 to 80 mph briefly touched down around 645 am in northeast Coffee County. Aamage was noted along Swann and Rock Roads. The damage path was around 1 mile long and 50 yds wide.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a High Risk, with a 0.30 chance of a tornado within 25 miles, in the hatched area where significant tornadoes were expected. The outlook in force was issued at 06:10 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before the tornado touched down, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Nashville, TN wrote its last area forecast discussion before the tornado touched down at Apr 27, 3:52 AM CDT, 2 hours 53 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Apr 27, 3:52 AM CDT, 2 hours 53 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NASHVILLE TN
352 AM CDT WED APR 27 2011

...LONG-TRACKED STRONG TO VIOLENT TORNADOES POSSIBLE IN
MIDDLE TENNESSEE TODAY...
...HEAVY RAINFALL IS EXPECTED TO CAUSE SOME AREA CREEKS, STREAMS
AND RIVERS TO REACH FLOOD STAGE...

.SHORT TERM...TRAINING OF HEAVY THUNDERSTORM RAINS ACROSS WESTERN
MIDDLE TENNESSEE CONTINUES TO INCREASE FLOOD POTENTIAL. THESE
HEAVY RAINS ARE FALLING ON GROUNDS THAT HAVE ALREADY BEEN SOAKED BY
REPEATED HEAVY RAIN EPISODES SINCE SUNDAY. FLASH FLOOD WARNINGS
ARE ALREADY IN EFFECT FOR A LARGE PART OF WESTERN MIDDLE TENNESSEE
AND ADDITIONAL FLASH FLOOD WARNINGS AND RIVER FLOOD WARNINGS WILL
LIKELY BE NEEDED AS THE DAY PROGRESSES. THIS IS A PARTICULARLY
DANGEROUS SITUATION FOR HEAVY RAINFALL ACROSS WESTERN MIDDLE
TENNESSEE TODAY...INCLUDING THE NASHVILLE METRO AREA. RAPID RISES
WILL LIKLEY OCCUR TODAY ALONG SOME AREA CREEKS AND STREAMS AND
THOSE LIVING NEARBY SHOULD CLOSELY MONITOR WATER LEVELS AND LISTEN FOR
ANY ADDITIONAL FLASH FLOOD OR FLOOD WARNINGS THAT MIGHT BE ISSUED
(SEE HYDROLOGY SECTION BELOW).

EXPECT THUNDERSTORMS WITH HEAVY RAIN TO CONTINUE THROUGH MUCH OF THE
EARLY MORNING HOURS, AND PROGRESS SLOWLY EASTWARD. HOWEVER, THINGS WILL
START TO RAPIDLY EVOLVE INTO A WIDESPRAD SEVERE WEATHER EVENT BY
LATE MORNING AND EARLYAFTERNOON, AS A STRENGTHENING LOW PRESSURE
AREA LIFTS NORTHEASTWARD FROM ARKANSAS ACROSS THE OHIO RIVER
VALLEY. A WARM FRONT IS FORECAST TO LIFT NORTHEASTWARD ACROSS
WESTERN PARTS OF OUR AREA BY EARLY AFTERNOON, ALLOWING SKIES TO
BECOME PARTLY SUNNY. THIS WILL LEAD TO RAPID DESTABILIZATION OF
THE AIR MASS AND RAPID SEVERE THUNDERSTORM GENERATION. EXPECT
ROTATING SUPER CELLS TO DEVELOP IN THE WARM SECTOR, WITH LONG-
TRACK DANGEROUS TORANDOES POSSIBLE, ESPECIALLY OVER SOUTHERN PARTS
OF THE MID STATE, WHERE SPC HAS PLACED A HIGH RISK FOR SEVERE
THUNDERSTORMS TODAY. RIGHT NOW, IT LOOKS LIKE THE PEAK OF THE
SEVERE WEATHER EVENT WILL OCCUR AROUND MID-AFTERNOON.

A MODERATE RISK FOR SEVERE STORMS COVERS THE MAJORITY OF NORTHERN
MIDDLE TENNESSEE TODAY. SO, ALL PARTS OF THE MID STATE ARE AT RISK
FOR A SIGNIFICANT SEVERE WEATHER OUTBREAK TODAY.

AFTER THE FRONT PASSES THIS EVENING, EXPECT SOME DRIER AND COOLER
AIR TO PUSH IN FROM THE WEST. A WEAK UPPER LEVEL SHORTWAVE ZIPS
THROUGH LATE THURSDAY AND EARLY THURSDAY NIGHT LEADING TO A SLIGHT
CHANCE FOR SHOWERS IN EXTREME NORTHERN SECTIONS. THERE WILL BE AT
LEAST A SMALL CHANCE FOR THUNDERSTORMS OVER NORTHWEST MIDDLE
TENNESSEE ON SUNDAY, BUT INCREASINGLY GREATER CHANCES FOR RAIN
AREA-WIDE SUNDAY NIGHT AND MONDAY.

.LONG TERM...AFTER A COLD FRONT PASSES MONDAY NIGHT, EXPECT
ANOTHER DRYING TREND FOR TUESDAY.

.HYDROLOGY...
CURRENT RADAR SHOWS MODERATE TO HEAVY RAINFALL OVER MANY AREAS WEST
OF I 65. THE HEAVIEST BAND HAS BEEN MOVING RATHER SLOWLY
EASTWARD...AND THIS HAS CAUSED SOME HEAVY RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 2 TO
3 INCHES SINCE LAST EVENING. MUCH OF THE NW HAS ALREADY BEEN UNDER
A FLASH FLOOD WARNING...AND MORE WARNINGS WILL LIKELY BE ISSUED. WE
CONTINUE TO EXPECT THE NW TO BE HARDEST HIT WITH EVENT TOTALS
EXCEEDING 5 INCHES...WITH LOCALLY GREATER AMOUNTS.

THIS MASS OF RAINFALL WILL GRADUALLY WORK EAST NORTHEAST THROUGH THE
MORNING...AND ADDITIONAL FLASH FLOOD WARNINGS MAY BE NEEDED. THERE
WILL LIKELY BE A BREAK IN THE RAIN FOR MANY AREAS AROUND
MIDDAY...THEN HEAVY THUNDERSTORMS WILL RAMP UP THE FLASH FLOOD RISK
AGAIN IN THE AFTERNOON AND EVENING WITH ANOTHER 1 TO 3 INCHES OF
RAIN.

FALLEN RAIN AND EXPECTED RAINFALL BRING PORT ROYAL ON THE RED RIVER
TO MAJOR FLOOD STAGE EARLY THURSDAY MORNING. IT IS EXPECTED TO REACH
FLOOD STAGE THIS MORNING...SO WE AHEAD WITH A FLOOD WARNING FOR THAT
SITE.

GENERALLY MINOR FLOODING IS IN THE FORECAST ON PORTIONS OF THE
CUMBERLAND RIVER BELOW CHEATHAM DAM...THE HARPETH RIVER BELOW
BELLEVUE...THE DUCK RIVER BELOW CENTERVILLE...THE BUFFALO RIVER NEAR
LOBELVILLE...AND SHOAL CREEK NEAR IRON CITY. A FLOOD WATCH REMAINS
IN EFFECT FOR THESE SITES...AND ANY NEEDED UPGRADES TO WARNINGS WILL
BE ISSUED TODAY...WITH MOST EXPECTED TO REACH FLOOD STAGE AFTER
MIDNIGHT. MINOR FLOODING IS ALSO POSSIBLE ON THE TRIBUTARIES OF
THESE RIVERS...AS WELL AS LOCALIZED FLASH FLOODING.

LOCALIZED RAINFALL AMOUNTS IN EXCESS OF 6 INCHES ARE POSSIBLE
NORTHWEST MID TN...BUT WIDESPREAD EVENT TOTALS OF 3 TO 6 INCHES ARE
TO BE EXPECTED. THE FLOOD WATCH WILL CONTINUE...AND UPGRADES TO
FLOOD WARNINGS AND FLASH FLOOD WARNINGS ARE LIKELY FOR PARTS OF THE
AREA THROUGH THE DAY.

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
NASHVILLE      80  51  70  48 / 100  50  10  05
CLARKSVILLE    78  46  68  46 / 100  50  20  20
CROSSVILLE     74  50  63  46 / 100  80  10  05
COLUMBIA       81  52  71  48 / 100  50  10  05
LAWRENCEBURG   81  51  69  48 / 100  40  10  05
WAVERLY        79  48  70  47 / 100  50  10  05

&&

.OHX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
FLASH FLOOD WATCH THROUGH THIS EVENING FOR TNZ005>011-022>034-
056>066-075-077>080-093>095.

WIND ADVISORY FROM 7 AM THIS MORNING TO 7 PM CDT THIS EVENING
FOR TNZ005>011-022>034-056>066-075-077>080-093>095.

&&

19
Hazardous weather outlook, Apr 27, 4:47 AM CDT, 1 hour 58 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NASHVILLE TN
447 AM CDT WED APR 27 2011

TNZ005>011-022>034-056>066-075-077>080-093>095-281000-
STEWART-MONTGOMERY-ROBERTSON-SUMNER-MACON-CLAY-PICKETT-BENTON-
HOUSTON-HUMPHREYS-DICKSON-CHEATHAM-DAVIDSON-WILSON-TROUSDALE-
SMITH-JACKSON-PUTNAM-OVERTON-FENTRESS-PERRY-HICKMAN-LEWIS-
WILLIAMSON-MAURY-MARSHALL-RUTHERFORD-CANNON-DE KALB-WHITE-
CUMBERLAND-BEDFORD-COFFEE-WARREN-GRUNDY-VAN BUREN-WAYNE-LAWRENCE-
GILES-
447 AM CDT WED APR 27 2011

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR MIDDLE TENNESSEE.

.DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT...

THERE IS A HIGH RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHERN
MIDDLE TENNESSEE TODAY AND THIS EVENING. A MODERATE RISK EXISTS
OVER MOST OF THE REMAINDER OF THE MID STATE.

LONG TRACKED STRONG TO VIOLENT TORNADOES ARE POSSIBLE TODAY AND
THIS EVENING... ALONG WITH DAMAGING STRAIGHT LINE WINDS...AND LARGE
HAIL.

HEAVY RAINFALL WILL LIKELY CAUSE SOME AREA CREEKS, STREAMS AND
RIVERS TO REACH...OR APPROACH...FLOOD STAGE.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY...

NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...

A SIGNIFICANT SEVERE WEATHER EVENT IS EXPECTED. SPOTTER REPORTS
WILL BE NEEDED.

SPOTTER THUNDERSTORM REPORTING CRITERIA...
TORNADO
FUNNEL CLOUD
FLOODING
HAIL >= 1/2 INCH
WINDS > 50 MPH (MEASURED)
STRUCTURAL DAMAGE
TREES OR POWER LINES DOWN

19

In the hours before

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The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Nashville Metro, TN (KBNA), 00:00Z

11.8 hours before the tornado, 87 km from the path. April 27, 2011.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Nashville Metro, TN at 00:00Z on 2011-04-27Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1852 joules per kilogram, CIN -8, lifted condensation level 1222 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Nashville Metro, TN at 00:00Z on 2011-04-27The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 144 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 47 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1852 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-8 J/kg
Surface CAPE
2754 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1222 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
47 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
22 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
144 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
169 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
1.3
Supercell composite
8.9
0-3 km lapse rate
6.8 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Nashville Metro, TN (KBNA), 12:00Z

0.2 hours after it, 87 km from the path. April 27, 2011.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Nashville Metro, TN at 12:00Z on 2011-04-27Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -195, lifted condensation level 714 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Nashville Metro, TN at 12:00Z on 2011-04-27The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -84 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 57 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-195 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
714 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
57 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
44 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-84 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
-38 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
4.9 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Mc Minnville (RNC), 23 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
00:00 UTC

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

The radar

The Northeast Alabama radar (KHTX), 67 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 11:45 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 2011 tornado in TennesseeEvery tornado in Tennessee since 1950Warnings in force in Tennessee nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of April 27, 2011

209 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
April 271:12 AM CDTEF1Yazoo, MS9.7250$70,000
April 271:15 AM CDTEF1Leflore, MS27.750$50,000
April 271:24 AM CDTEF1Leflore, MS3.2100$50,000
April 271:36 AM CDTEF0LaSalle Parish, LA8.0100$40,000
April 271:40 AM CDTEF2Holmes, MS12.31,760$100,000
April 271:40 AM CDTEF3Holmes, MS23.01,760$700,000
April 271:51 AM CDTEF2Attala, MS23.0860$553,000
April 271:51 AM CDTEF0Holmes, MS1.750$25,000
April 271:59 AM CDTEF2Holmes, MS8.8880$10,000
April 272:06 AM CDTEF1Grenada, MS1.9150$60,000
April 272:17 AM CDTEF2Montgomery, MS11.71,760$425,000
April 272:20 AM CDTEF1Attala, MS0.550$25,000
April 272:25 AM CDTEF2Choctaw, MS6.81,7502$350,000
April 272:29 AM CDTEF1Winston, MS4.2150$85,000
April 272:29 AM CDTEF3Choctaw, MS58.71,80025$5.4 million
April 272:37 AM CDTEF2Webster, MS13.31,32015$605,000
April 272:47 AM CDTEF1Winston, MS7.3200$60,000
April 273:20 AM CDTEF1Noxubee, MS6.2150$300,000
April 273:43 AM CDTEF2Tishomingo, MS9.31501$500,000
April 274:01 AM CDTEF1Lauderdale, AL to TN9.2200$1,000
April 274:03 AM CDTEF2Kemper, MS to AL35.21,410$3.2 million
April 274:19 AM CDTEF1Lauderdale, AL1.81001
April 274:27 AM CDTEF2Pickens, AL14.41,232$1.8 million
April 274:41 AM CDTEF3Pickens, AL22.5704$741,000
April 275:03 AM CDTEF1Fayette, AL7.31764$1.4 million
April 275:17 AM CDTEF3Tuscaloosa, AL20.3200$9.3 million
April 275:18 AM CDTEF3Walker, AL18.937520$13 million
April 275:38 AM CDTEF2Lincoln, TN25.9400
April 275:40 AM CDTEF1Marshall, TN2.9100$75,000
April 275:47 AM CDTEF0Rutherford, TN2.150$8,000
April 275:48 AM CDTEF2Cullman, AL30.38801
April 275:50 AM CDTEF1Shelby, AL3.4100$3.7 million
April 275:50 AM CDTEF1Lawrence, TN2.71501$11,000
April 275:52 AM CDTEF0Rutherford, TN1.675$50,000
April 275:53 AM CDTEF2Blount, AL3.22003$9.3 million
April 275:54 AM CDTEF2Jefferson, AL7.820020$18 million
April 276:12 AM CDTEF1Blount, AL14.8200$42,000
April 276:13 AM CDTEF2Moore, TN2.075$25,000
April 276:16 AM CDTEF2St. Clair, AL3.82005$865,000
April 276:20 AM CDTEF1Marshall, AL11.075
April 276:24 AM CDTEF0Smith, TN3.450$5,000
April 276:24 AM CDTEF1Marshall, AL6.4100
April 276:30 AM CDTEF2Marshall, AL20.0880
April 276:30 AM CDTEF1Marshall, AL4.650
April 276:30 AM CDTEF1Marshall, AL3.4100
April 276:30 AM CDTEF1Marshall, AL5.750
April 276:32 AM CDTEF1Green, KY3.1150
April 276:35 AM CDTEF1Marshall, AL4.9100
April 276:35 AM CDTEF1Marshall, AL0.350$10,000
April 276:43 AM CDTEF0Marshall, AL2.875
April 276:45 AM CDTEF1Marshall, AL4.8200
April 276:45 AM CDTEF1Marshall, AL6.9300
April 276:47 AM CDTEF1Jackson, TN3.3100$10,000
April 276:49 AM CDTEF0Jackson, TN2.050$20,000
April 276:49 AM CDTEF1Marshall, AL1.6100
April 276:50 AM CDTEF1Warren, TN13.2100$100,000
April 276:58 AM CDTEF1DeKalb, AL27.93001
April 277:02 AM CDTEF1Monroe, KY5.9550
April 277:10 AM CDTEF2DeKalb, AL5.8200$30,000
April 277:18 AM CDTEF1DeKalb, AL4.050

All 210 of them

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.