Tornadoes · United States · Nebraska · 2024
EF1 tornado, Creston, Nebraska, April 26, 2024
This EF1 tornado ran 4.8 miles across Platte County on April 26, 2024, touching down at 4:07 PM CDT and reaching 100 yards wide. It killed nobody.
The rating scale
Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.
EF065 to 85 mph
Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
EF186 to 110 mphthis tornado
Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.
EF2111 to 135 mph
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.
EF3136 to 165 mph
Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.
EF4166 to 200 mph
Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.
EF5over 200 mph
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.
Unrated
The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.
The record
- Rating
- EF1
- Date
- April 26, 2024
- Touchdown
- 4:07 PM CDT (21:07 UTC)
- Lifted
- 4:20 PM CDT (21:20 UTC)
- On the ground
- 13 minutes
- Path length
- 4.8 miles (7.7 km)
- Path width
- 100 yards (91 m)
- Deaths
- 0
- Injuries
- 0
- County
- Platte County
- Touchdown point
- 41.600, -97.360
- Lift-off point
- 41.670, -97.340
- Record number
- 2404261507-01
The damage survey
5 damage points were recorded along this path by NWS OAX, in the Damage Assessment Toolkit the survey teams carry. The strongest indicator was rated EF1. The highest wind the damage implies is 100 mph.
- Barn roof badly damaged. Windows blown out of home. Trunks snapped on trees.
- Center pivot irrigation system flipped.
- One pole snapped. Fences knocked over.
- First point where trained spotter observed the tornado with ground circulation.
Survey points are preliminary and are the raw material the published rating was built from. Source: NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit.
What the Weather Service recorded
On the morning of April 26th, a potent negatively-tilted shortwave trough ejected out into the central Plains. Upper air analysis shows a jet streak on the downstream side of this trough with substantial divergence aloft over Nebraska. At the surface, morning cloud cover and drizzle across much of eastern Nebraska and western Iowa quickly gave way to partly cloud skies as a warm front moved north through the area, just after noon. At the same time, thunderstorms initiated along a pacific front/dryline in south-central Nebraska. One supercell produced several tornadoes from south-central Nebraska into Boone County, resulting in an EF-2 tornado just west of Cedar Rapids. A second round of supercells initiated in Jefferson and Saline counties. These long-track supercells produced the worst tornado outbreak the Omaha WFO has seen in 10 years. 5 EF-3 tornadoes were surveyed, with several of these tornadoes just shy of an EF-4 rating. One of these EF-3 tornadoes impacted the northeast side of Lincoln, Nebraska where 70 people were reported trapped in a manufacturing plant that collapsed as the tornado passed. Another long-track EF-3 tornado hit portions of Elkhorn, Bennington and Blair, Nebraska. Eppley Airfield was hit by the third EF-3 tornado of the day, doing damage to aircraft hangars on the southeast side of the airport before hitting homes in far western Pottawattamie County. The last two EF-3 tornadoes of the day both impacted portions of Pottawattamie County. While one remained primarily in rural areas in the central part of the county, the final EF-3 of the day hit the town of Minden, Iowa head-on, resulting in 1 fatality and 3 injuries. This was the only fatality of the entire event. This tornado continued into Shelby County, narrowly missing the towns of Tenant and Harlan. A total of 24 tornadoes were confirmed across both Nebraska and Iowa portions of the Omaha CWA. The strongest tornado was the EF-3 that impacted Elkhorn and Blair, with peak estimated wind speeds at 165 miles per hour.||Along the warm front the day prior, scattered thunderstorms developed along the Kansas-Nebraska border during the evening hours. Most of these storms were sub-severe, however, one thunderstorm produced severe hail in and north of Odell, Nebraska for around ten minutes just before 9 pm CDT.
Trained spotters reported that the tornado initially touched down just northwest of the intersection of 370th Street and 175th Avenue. It tracked north-northeast where it flipped a center pivot irrigation system. The tornado was intermittent as it tracked across 175th Avenue and toward Loseke Creek, becoming more persistent again as it reached and crossed Loseke Creek. At this point, it impacted a homestead where it snapped trees, blew windows out of a home, and caused significant damage to a barn roof. The tornado continued north where there was minor damage to fencing and an electrical pole at a feedlot, and continued to weaken and become intermittent to where the trained spotters reported that the ground circulation ended, just southwest of 160th Avenue and 445th Street. Peak winds in this tornado were estimated to be 100 miles per hour, with an average width of 35 yards.
From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.
The warnings
2 minutes of warning. NWS OAX issued a tornado warning for this county at 21:05 UTC, 2 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 21:33 UTC.
The county was under a tornado watch, issued at 17:53 UTC and running to 23:28 UTC.
| Issued (UTC) | Expired | Product | Office |
|---|---|---|---|
| 06:27 UTC | 09:30 UTC | Flood Advisory | OAX |
| 17:53 UTC | 23:28 UTC | Tornado Watch | OAX |
| 19:36 UTC | 20:15 UTC | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OAX |
| 20:11 UTC | 21:00 UTC | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OAX |
| 20:27 UTC | 20:52 UTC | Tornado Warning | OAX |
| 20:51 UTC | 21:30 UTC | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OAX |
| 21:03 UTC | 21:45 UTC | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OAX |
| 21:05 UTC | 21:33 UTC | Tornado Warning | OAX |
| 21:24 UTC | 21:37 UTC | Tornado Warning | OAX |
| 21:40 UTC | 21:58 UTC | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OAX |
| 21:42 UTC | 21:55 UTC | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OAX |
Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.
The forecast that day
The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Slight Risk, with a 0.05 chance of a tornado within 25 miles. The outlook in force was issued at 19:58 UTC.
SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.
The air that afternoon
The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.
Omaha, NE (KOAX), 12:00Z
9.1 hours before the tornado, 89 km from the path. April 26, 2024.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 0 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -97530 J/kg
- Surface CAPE
- 0 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 565 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 54 kt
- 0-1 km bulk shear
- 39 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 518 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 707 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 1.3
- 0-3 km lapse rate
- 3.7 K/km
Omaha, NE (KOAX), 00:00Z
2.9 hours after it, 89 km from the path. April 27, 2024.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 269 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -7 J/kg
- Surface CAPE
- 1032 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1292 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 35 kt
- 0-1 km bulk shear
- 28 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 60 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 89 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 1.1
- 0-3 km lapse rate
- 7.3 K/km
The surface observations
Columbus Municipal (OLU), 21 km from the path, in the two hours either side.
| Time (UTC) | Temp (°F) | Dew point (°F) | Wind | Gust (kt) | Pressure (mb) | Weather |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19:10 UTC | 100° 16 kt | 993.9 | ||||
| 19:15 UTC | 100° 13 kt | 993.6 | BR | |||
| 19:17 UTC | 62.6 | 60.8 | 100° 16 kt | 993.6 | BR | |
| 19:20 UTC | 80° 14 kt | 993.6 | BR | |||
| 19:25 UTC | 90° 14 kt | 993.6 | BR | |||
| 19:30 UTC | 100° 14 kt | 993.6 | BR | |||
| 19:35 UTC | 100° 14 kt | 993.2 | BR | |||
| 19:40 UTC | 110° 11 kt | 993.2 | ||||
| 19:45 UTC | 23 | 992.9 | ||||
| 19:46 UTC | 62.6 | 60.8 | 120° 18 kt | 24 | 992.9 | |
| 19:50 UTC | 992.2 | |||||
| 19:53 UTC | 62.6 | 60.8 | 100° 17 kt | 25 | 992.2 | |
| 19:55 UTC | 110° 17 kt | 992.2 | ||||
| 19:56 UTC | 63 | 60 | 110° 17 kt | 25 | 992.2 | |
| 20:00 UTC | 110° 16 kt | 992.2 | ||||
| 20:05 UTC | 110° 18 kt | 991.9 | ||||
| 20:10 UTC | 120° 19 kt | 991.5 | ||||
| 20:15 UTC | 130° 20 kt | 24 | 991.9 | |||
| 20:20 UTC | 120° 16 kt | 991.5 | ||||
| 20:27 UTC | 66.2 | 59 | 130° 16 kt | 21 | 991.9 | VCTS |
| 20:30 UTC | 120° 15 kt | 991.9 | RA | |||
| 20:35 UTC | 23 | 991.5 | -RA | |||
| 20:37 UTC | 64.4 | 60.8 | 110° 17 kt | 25 | 991.5 | VCTS RA |
| 20:40 UTC | 22 | 991.5 | RA | |||
| 20:45 UTC | 990.9 | RA | ||||
| 20:50 UTC | 990.5 | RA | ||||
| 20:55 UTC | 990.5 | -RA | ||||
| 20:56 UTC | 66 | 59 | 120° 21 kt | 28 | 990.5 | -TSRA |
| 21:00 UTC | 130° 14 kt | 990.9 | -RA | |||
| 21:05 UTC | 140° 16 kt | 21 | 991.2 | |||
| 21:10 UTC | 130° 11 kt | 991.2 | ||||
| 21:15 UTC | 170° 11 kt | 991.2 | ||||
| 21:20 UTC | 180° 5 kt | 991.2 | ||||
| 21:25 UTC | 66.2 | 60.8 | 170° 32 kt | 42 | 991.5 | VCTS HZ SQ |
| 21:25 UTC | 42 | 991.5 | HZ SQ | |||
| 21:30 UTC | 190° 16 kt | 992.2 | +RA SQ | |||
| 21:32 UTC | 60.8 | 55.4 | 210° 19 kt | 42 | 992.2 | +TSRA SQ |
| 21:35 UTC | 991.9 | +RA | ||||
| 21:40 UTC | 991.9 | RA | ||||
| 21:45 UTC | 991.9 | RA | ||||
| 21:55 UTC | 210° 14 kt | 991.9 | -RA | |||
| 21:56 UTC | 60 | 56 | 210° 13 kt | 21 | 991.9 | VCTS -RA |
| 22:00 UTC | 210° 14 kt | 991.9 | -RA | |||
| 22:05 UTC | 210° 15 kt | 991.9 | -RA | |||
| 22:10 UTC | 210° 14 kt | 991.9 | -RA | |||
| 22:15 UTC | 220° 14 kt | 992.2 | -RA | |||
| 22:20 UTC | 220° 16 kt | 992.2 | -RA | |||
| 22:25 UTC | 210° 13 kt | 991.9 | -RA | |||
| 22:30 UTC | 200° 15 kt | 991.9 | -RA | |||
| 22:35 UTC | 190° 15 kt | 991.5 | -RA | |||
| 22:40 UTC | 190° 14 kt | 991.5 | -RA | |||
| 22:44 UTC | 60.8 | 55.4 | 200° 13 kt | 24 | 991.9 | -RA |
| 22:45 UTC | 200° 11 kt | 991.9 | -RA | |||
| 22:50 UTC | 210° 10 kt | 991.9 | -RA | |||
| 22:55 UTC | 200° 11 kt | 17 | 992.2 | -RA | ||
| 22:56 UTC | 60 | 57 | 190° 13 kt | 17 | 992.2 | -RA |
| 23:00 UTC | 200° 11 kt | 992.2 | -RA | |||
| 23:05 UTC | 200° 11 kt | 992.2 |
From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.
The radar
The Omaha radar (KOAX), 89 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 21:04 UTC.
Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track
Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.
What was reported nearby
Local storm reports within 60 km of the path, in the three hours either side.
| Time (UTC) | Report | Where | County | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19:00 UTC | TORNADO | 4 Wnw Dwight | Butler, NE | Center pivot overturned, tree and outbuilding damage, road signs torn down. Delayed report. |
| 19:35 UTC | HAIL 1.75 | Ulysses | Butler, NE | Butler County Emergency Manager reported golf ball sized hail in downtown Ulysses. |
| 20:00 UTC | TORNADO | 4 Sse Garrison | Butler, NE | Social media photo of confirmed tornado 9 miles south of David City, Nebraska. |
| 20:01 UTC | FUNNEL CLOUD | 3 Wsw Brainard | Butler, NE | Two seminars flipped over Hwy 15. |
| 20:05 UTC | HAIL 1 | 4 N Genoa | Nance, NE | Report on Facebook of Quarter sized hail north of Genoa. |
| 20:05 UTC | TORNADO | 4 Wnw Brainard | Butler, NE | |
| 20:06 UTC | TORNADO | 2 Wnw Saint Edward | Boone, NE | Small rope tornado. |
| 20:06 UTC | TORNADO | 4 Wsw Brainard | Butler, NE | Trained spotters confirmed an EF-Unknown tornado with video and photos lasting approximately 1 minute over open fields. Due to no damage indicators hit, we have to rate it EF-Unknown. |
| 20:07 UTC | TORNADO | 3 Wsw Brainard | Butler, NE | Trained spotter reported a tornado just southwest of Brainard, Nebraska. Tornado has since lifted but there are two additional funnel clouds currently. |
| 20:29 UTC | TORNADO | 5 S Lindsay | Platte, NE | Emergency manager reported a tornado on the ground 4 to 5 miles south of Lindsay. |
| 20:47 UTC | TORNADO | 5 W Newman Grove | Boone, NE | Emergency Manager reported confirmed large tornado 4 to 5 miles west of Newman Grove. |
| 20:47 UTC | TORNADO | 7 Ne Albion | Boone, NE | EM reported the tornado and there is video evidence from a storm chaser. No damage was found and so this tornado was rated an EF Unknown. |
| 20:50 UTC | TORNADO | 4 W Newman Grove | Boone, NE | Tornado moving east. |
| 21:07 UTC | TORNADO | 7 S Creston | Platte, NE | An EF1 tornado touched down northwest of 370th St and 175th Ave. It tracked north-northeast, flipping a center-pivot irrigation system, snapping trees, blowing windows out of a house, and causing significant damage to a |
| 21:16 UTC | TORNADO | 1 Sse Creston | Platte, NE | Tornado on the ground south on 18th ave. |
| 21:18 UTC | TORNADO | 4 Se Creston | Platte, NE | Building and tree damage to an abandoned farmstead. Delayed report. |
| 21:23 UTC | TORNADO | 2 Se Creston | Platte, NE | Multiple vortex tornado. |
| 22:16 UTC | TORNADO | 4 Se Norfolk | Madison, NE | This brief EF1 tornado touched down near Grandview Road and East Sherwood Rood, causing tree damage at a farmstead. The tornado moved northeast, damaging large trees along the way and causing EF-1 damage to a gymnastics |
| 22:20 UTC | TSTM WND DMG | 4 Se Norfolk | Stanton, NE | delayed report Roof taken off athletic training center. |
| 22:20 UTC | TORNADO | 3 Se Norfolk | Stanton, NE | Possible tornado. |
From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service local storm reports.
This ground now
The live radar over the trackEvery 2024 tornado in NebraskaEvery tornado in Nebraska since 1950Warnings in force in Nebraska nowThe forecast where you are
The other tornadoes of April 26, 2024
77 more were confirmed in the United States that day.
| Date | Time | Rating | Where | Path (mi) | Width (yd) | Deaths | Injuries | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 26 | 4:49 AM CDT | EF0 | Cleveland, OK | 0.5 | 30 | $10,000 | ||
| April 26 | 4:52 AM CDT | EF0 | Pottawatomie, OK | 2.4 | 40 | $5,000 | ||
| April 26 | 4:53 AM CDT | EF1 | Cleveland, OK | 1.9 | 75 | $6,000 | ||
| April 26 | 5:05 AM CDT | EF0 | Pottawatomie, OK | 2.4 | 50 | $30,000 | ||
| April 26 | 5:28 AM CDT | EF1 | Okfuskee, OK | 9.9 | 500 | $20,000 | ||
| April 26 | 5:31 AM CDT | EF0 | Lincoln, OK | 0.2 | 30 | $10,000 | ||
| April 26 | 6:18 AM CDT | EF1 | Okmulgee, OK | 6.9 | 650 | $25,000 | ||
| April 26 | 7:22 AM CDT | EF1 | Pittsburg, OK | 1.7 | 250 | $50,000 | ||
| April 26 | 12:16 PM CDT | EF1 | Sherman, NE | 4.7 | 175 | $140,000 | ||
| April 26 | 12:23 PM CDT | EF0 | McLennan, TX | 0.1 | 30 | $10,000 | ||
| April 26 | 12:26 PM CDT | EF1 | McLennan, TX | 0.9 | 100 | $200,000 | ||
| April 26 | 12:32 PM CDT | EF1 | Sherman, NE | 5.7 | 100 | $200,000 | ||
| April 26 | 12:48 PM CDT | EF0 | McLennan, TX | 0.2 | 15 | |||
| April 26 | 12:48 PM CDT | EF2 | Hill, TX | 5.7 | 165 | $200,000 | ||
| April 26 | 12:52 PM CDT | EF0 | Howard, NE | 2.3 | 50 | $200,000 | ||
| April 26 | 12:58 PM CDT | EF3 | Howard, NE | 9.3 | 600 | $3.5 million | ||
| April 26 | 1:06 PM CDT | EF1 | Hill, TX | 0.2 | 55 | $60,000 | ||
| April 26 | 1:30 PM CDT | EF1 | Navarro, TX | 9.0 | 200 | $200,000 | ||
| April 26 | 1:32 PM CDT | EF2 | Howard, NE | 9.2 | 880 | $800,000 | ||
| April 26 | 1:46 PM CDT | EF1 | Navarro, TX | 11.3 | 200 | $200,000 | ||
| April 26 | 1:49 PM CDT | EF1 | Hill, TX | 2.4 | 200 | $50,000 | ||
| April 26 | 2:04 PM CDT | EF2 | Greeley, NE | 26.7 | 500 | $25,000 | ||
| April 26 | 2:19 PM CDT | EF0 | Navarro, TX | 2.1 | 100 | |||
| April 26 | 2:30 PM CDT | EF0 | Navarro, TX | 1.1 | 100 | $100,000 | ||
| April 26 | 2:51 PM CDT | EF1 | Butler, NE | 8.1 | 200 | |||
| April 26 | 2:52 PM CDT | EF3 | Lincoln tornado, NE | 5.3 | 700 | 3 | ||
| April 26 | 2:57 PM CDT | EF1 | Lancaster, NE | 3.0 | 150 | |||
| April 26 | 3:03 PM CDT | EF0 | Lancaster, NE | 1.9 | 50 | |||
| April 26 | 3:06 PM CDT | Unrated | Butler, NE | 0.7 | 30 | |||
| April 26 | 3:12 PM CDT | EF1 | Saunders, NE | 3.8 | 50 | |||
| April 26 | 3:27 PM CDT | Unrated | Boone, NE | 1.0 | 50 | |||
| April 26 | 3:30 PM CDT | EF4 | Elkhorn tornado, NE | 31.9 | 1,900 | 4 | ||
| April 26 | 3:32 PM CDT | EF2 | Elk, KS | 8.5 | 300 | |||
| April 26 | 3:34 PM CDT | EF2 | Woodson, KS | 6.7 | 100 | |||
| April 26 | 3:42 PM CDT | Unrated | Boone, NE | 2.0 | 100 | |||
| April 26 | 3:52 PM CDT | EF0 | Wilson, KS | 1.0 | 150 | |||
| April 26 | 4:13 PM CDT | EF1 | Wilson, KS | 1.3 | 60 | |||
| April 26 | 4:52 PM CDT | EF1 | Mills, IA | 2.7 | 80 | |||
| April 26 | 4:52 PM CDT | EF1 | Harrison, IA | 9.1 | 766 | |||
| April 26 | 4:54 PM CDT | EF3 | Douglas, IA to NE | 19.1 | 550 | |||
| April 26 | 4:59 PM CDT | EF0 | Harrison, IA | 2.6 | 200 | |||
| April 26 | 5:02 PM CDT | Unrated | Allen, KS | 0.0 | 10 | |||
| April 26 | 5:08 PM CDT | EF3 | Pottawattamie, IA | 13.3 | 900 | |||
| April 26 | 5:10 PM CDT | Unrated | Richardson, NE | 0.0 | 1 | |||
| April 26 | 5:16 PM CDT | EF1 | Stanton, NE | 0.7 | 100 | |||
| April 26 | 5:17 PM CDT | EF0 | Monona, IA | 1.5 | 100 | |||
| April 26 | 5:23 PM CDT | EF1 | Monona, IA | 3.3 | 250 | |||
| April 26 | 5:25 PM CDT | EF3 | Minden–Harlan tornado, IA | 40.3 | 1,900 | 1 | 3 | |
| April 26 | 5:29 PM CDT | EF0 | Bourbon, KS | 3.3 | 75 | $50,000 | ||
| April 26 | 5:40 PM CDT | EF1 | Harrison, IA | 1.8 | 30 | |||
| April 26 | 5:45 PM CDT | Unrated | Richardson, NE | 0.0 | 1 | |||
| April 26 | 6:07 PM CDT | EF1 | Vernon, MO | 3.4 | 95 | $40,000 | ||
| April 26 | 6:14 PM CDT | Unrated | Holt, MO | 0.0 | 1 | |||
| April 26 | 6:28 PM CDT | EF2 | Shelby, IA | 9.3 | 200 | $50,000 | ||
| April 26 | 6:30 PM CDT | Unrated | Crawford, IA | 2.5 | 50 | |||
| April 26 | 6:36 PM CDT | EF0 | Bates, MO | 0.8 | 50 | |||
| April 26 | 6:47 PM CDT | EF0 | Bates, MO | 1.1 | 50 | |||
| April 26 | 6:49 PM CDT | EF1 | Shelby, IA | 13.0 | 300 | $30,000 | ||
| April 26 | 6:52 PM CDT | EF2 | Adams, IA | 9.7 | 350 | $300,000 | ||
| April 26 | 6:56 PM CDT | EF0 | St. Clair, MO | 0.2 | 50 | $20,000 |
What this means
Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.
Sources
NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.