Tornadoes · United States · Nebraska · 2004

F0 tornado, Bruning, Nebraska, May 22, 2004

Name: F0 tornado, Bruning, Nebraska, May 22, 2004
Start: 2004-05-22T23:53:00.000Z
Location: Bruning, Nebraska

This F0 tornado ran 0.2 miles across Thayer County on May 22, 2004, touching down at 6:53 PM CDT and reaching 75 yards wide. It killed nobody.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

F040 to 72 mphthis tornado
Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
F173 to 112 mph
Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.
F2113 to 157 mph
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.
F3158 to 206 mph
Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.
F4207 to 260 mph
Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.
F5261 to 318 mph
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.
Unrated
The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating: F0
Date: May 22, 2004
Touchdown: 6:53 PM CDT (23:53 UTC)
Path length: 0.2 miles (0.3 km)
Path width: 75 yards (69 m)
Deaths: 0
Injuries: 0
County: Thayer County
Touchdown point: 40.200, -97.620
Lift-off point: 40.200, -97.620
Record number: 1182

What the Weather Service recorded

One of the worst severe weather outbreaks in recent years struck south-central Nebraska the afternoon and evening of May 22. No less than 17 different tornadoes rolled across south-central Nebraska. Dozens of homes were damaged and a few completely destroyed. Over 250 center irrigation pivots were damaged or destroyed in south-central Nebraska alone. Large hail and strong straight-line winds of up to 80 mph also wreaked havoc on the region. Several million dollars in property damage was reported. Hundreds of power poles were snapped resulting in dozens of miles of downed electrical line.

A tornado dropped east of Bruning and crossed into Fillmore county.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Moderate Risk, with a 0.15 chance of a tornado within 25 miles. The outlook in force was issued at 20:01 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before the tornado touched down, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Hastings, NE wrote its last area forecast discussion before the tornado touched down at May 22, 2:18 PM CDT, 4 hours 35 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, May 22, 2:18 PM CDT, 4 hours 35 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HASTINGS NE
218 PM CDT SAT MAY 22 2004

.SHORT TERM...TONIGHT GIVEN ITS A HANDFUL BY ITSELF. FOREMOST
CONCERN REMAINS RELEGATED TO EJECTION OF STRONG UPR TROF OUT OF THE
ROCKIES. IMMEDIATE SVR THREAT TIED TO INCREASING LL WAA OVR WARM
FRONT/OUTFLOW BOUNDARY MERGER WHICH IS SLOWLY MIXING NWD THROUGH
TIME AND ALG A BLUE HILL TO SYRACUSE LINE. HIGH CLD SHIELD THINNING
THROUGH TIME BUT HAD RETARDED DESTABILIZATION SOMEWHAT THROUGH THE
MORNING AND LOOKS TO HOLD OFF INITIATION ALG BOUNDARY UNTIL 22-23Z
TIME FRAME. INCREASING MID LVL FLW IN ASSOCN/W EJECTING UPR TROF AND
ADVTN OF STEEP EML OVRTOP DEEP LL MSTR PLUME HIGHLITE TOR POTENTIAL
ESP WITHIN ENHANCED BACKED LL CHANNEL N OF BOUNDARY AND EPS NE OF
DVLPG TRIPLE POINT INTERSECTION TOWARD 00Z. SIGNIFICANT TOR
POTENTIAL A REAL RISK AND LOOKING TO BE ALG A BLUE HILL TO YORK LINE
THROUGH 02/03Z. AFT THAT...INCOMING COLD FRONT AND DEEPENING SYSTEM
PROMISE HEALTHY DOSE OF RAINFALL...ESPECIALLY I-80 CORRIDOR AND
NORTH. COULD BE SOME LOCALIZED HEAVY RAIN GIVEN SIG MSTR FLUX AND
FORCING BUT MOVEMENT LOOKS QUICK ENOUGH TO PRECLUDE FFA.

.LONG TERM...SUNDAY THROUGH SATURDAY...UPPER SYSTEM TO PUSH THROUGH
TONIGHT AND WILL CLEAR THINGS OUT FOR SUNDAY AND SHOULD CALM THINGS
DOWN.  SOUTHWEST FLOW TO CONTINUE INTO MIDWEEK AND WILL KEEP VERY
SMALL CHANCES FOR PRECIP IN THE AREA.  TIMING AND STRENGTH OF WAVES
IN FLOW UNCERTAIN.  WILL CONTINUE LOW POPS MONDAY AFTERNOON TO
WEDNESDAY.

WEAK RIDGING BUILDS INTO THE ROCKIES DURING MIDWEEK AS NEXT SYSTEM
TRIES TO ORGANIZE ON WEST COAST.  MODELS ARE TRYING TO GET HANDLE ON
NEXT SYSTEM.  MODELS TEND TO SLOW THE SYSTEM DOWN. WILL HOLD OFF ON
ADDING PRECIP AT THIS TIME BUT WILL NEED TO CONTINUE TO MONITOR THIS
SYSTEM GIVEN THE HOLIDAY WEEKEND AND RELATED ACTIVITIES.

&&

.GID WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
NE...NONE.
KS...NONE.

&&

EFFECTIVE JUNE 8 2004 THIS PRODUCT WILL HAVE THE ID CHANGED FROM
OMAAFDGRI...TO OMAAFDGID. FOR MORE INFORMATION CHECK OUT
THE FOLLOWING WEB ADDRESS/USE LOWER CASE LETTERS:
HTTP://WWW.CRH.NOAA.GOV/PUBLIC/WMOHEADERS/CRPHASE1.HTM

T/KISNER

Hazardous weather outlook, May 22, 3:26 PM CDT, 3 hours 27 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HASTINGS NE
326 PM CDT SAT MAY 22 2004

NEZ039>041-046>049-060>064-072>077-082>087-231200-
ADAMS-BUFFALO-CLAY-DAWSON-FILLMORE-FRANKLIN-FURNAS-GOSPER-GREELEY-
HALL-HAMILTON-HARLAN-HOWARD-KEARNEY-MERRICK-NANCE-NUCKOLLS-PHELPS-
POLK-SHERMAN-THAYER-VALLEY-WEBSTER-YORK-
326 PM CDT SAT MAY 22 2004

...A SIGNIFICANT SEVERE WEATHER EVENT EXPECTED LATE THIS AFTERNOON
AND EVENING...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTH CENTRAL
NEBRASKA.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT

A SIGNIFICANT RISK FOR SEVERE WEATHER EXISTS LATE THIS AFTERNOON
AND EVENING ACROSS MOST OF SOUTH CENTRAL NEBRASKA.

THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO INITIATE ALONG A WARM FRONT DRAPED
ALONG THE KANSAS...NEBRASKA BORDER BETWEEN 5 AND 6 PM AS SURFACE LOW
PRESSURE OVER NORTHWEST KANSAS INTENSIFIES IN RESPONSE TO A STRONG
UPPER LEVEL DISTURBANCE EJECTING OUT OF COLORADO. ADDITIONAL STORMS
DEVELOPING OVER THE HIGHER TERRAIN OF WESTERN NEBRASKA AND WESTERN
KANSAS WILL MOVE INTO AREA WEST OF HIGHWAY 183 BETWEEN 5 AND 6 PM.
EXTREME INSTABILITY AND INCREASING DEEP LAYER SHEAR WILL ALLOW FOR
STORMS TO QUICKLY BECOME SEVERE WITH A MODERATE THREAT FOR VERY LARGE
HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS. IN ADDITION...TORNADOES...SOME
SIGNIFICANT...ARE POSSIBLE JUST NORTH OF THE WARM FRONT. AT THIS
TIME...THE GREATEST TORNADO POTENTIAL LOOKS TO BE BETWEEN THE
INTERSTATE 80 AND HIGHWAY 6 CORRIDORS...AND ESPECIALLY ALONG A MINDEN
TO YORK LINE. HEAVY RAIN MAY ALSO PRODUCE ARES OF FLASH FLOODING
LATER THIS EVENING AS STORMS BECOME MORE WIDESPREAD.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY

A CHANCE OF THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE ONCE AGAIN BY EARLY NEXT
WEEK AS A SERIES OF DISTURBANCES MOVE THROUGH THE REGION. THESE
DAYS WILL BE FURTHER MONITORED FOR ANY SEVERE WEATHER POTENTIAL...
HOWEVER AT THIS TIME IT APPEARS THE SEVERE WEATHER RISK IS MINIMAL.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION WILL BE NEEDED THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING...
ESPECIALLY ALONG AND NORTH OF HIGHWAY 6.

EMERGENCY MANAGERS...LAW ENFORCEMENT AND SPOTTER GROUPS SHOULD MAKE
PREPARATIONS NOW FOR QUICK DEPLOYMENT LATE THIS AFTERNOON. STAY
TUNDED FOR LATER STATEMENTS.

KSZ005>007-017>019-231200-
JEWELL-MITCHELL-OSBORNE-PHILLIPS-ROOKS-SMITH-
326 PM CDT SAT MAY 22 2004

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PARTS OF NORTH CENTRAL KANSAS.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT

A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE WEATHER WILL EXIST ACROSS ALL OF NORTH
CENTRAL KANSAS THIS AFTERNOON AND EARLY EVENING. ISOLATED
THUNDERSTORMS MAY DEVELOP ALONG A DRYLINE BY LATE AFTERNOON INTO THE
EARLY EVENING OVER NORTH CENTRAL KANSAS. A VERY UNSTABLE ATMOSPHERE
WILL ALLOW A FEW OF THESE STORMS TO BECOME SEVERE WITH VERY LARGE
HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS POSSIBLE. THESE STORMS ARE THEN EXPECTED TO
DISSIPATE QUICKLY AFTER DARK.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY

A CHANCE OF THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE ONCE AGAIN BY EARLY NEXT
WEEK AS A SERIES OF DISTURBANCES MOVE THROUGH THE REGION.  THESE
DAYS WILL BE FURTHER MONITORED FOR ANY SEVERE WEATHER POTENTIAL...
HOWEVER AT THIS TIME IT APPEARS THE SEVERE WEATHER RISK IS MINIMAL.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NEEDED BY LATE THIS AFTERNOON.

T

In the hours before

Local storm report, May 22, 6:14 PM CDT, 39 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HASTINGS NE
614 PM CDT SAT MAY 22 2004

..TIME...   ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0523 PM     TSTM WND GST     3 NW GOTHENBURG         40.96N 100.20W
05/22/2004  52 MPH           DAWSON             NE   PUBLIC

&&
ALSO REPORTED 3/4 INCH HAIL

KISNER

Local storm report, May 22, 6:31 PM CDT, 22 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HASTINGS NE
631 PM CDT SAT MAY 22 2004

..TIME...   ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0630 PM     HAIL             2 NW REPUBLICAN CITY    40.12N 99.25W
05/22/2004  2.75 INCH        HARLAN             NE   PUBLIC

0623 PM     HAIL             RAGAN                   40.31N 99.29W
05/22/2004  2.50 INCH        HARLAN             NE   TRAINED SPOTTER

0621 PM     HAIL             2 N REPUBLICAN CITY     40.13N 99.22W
05/22/2004  2.00 INCH        HARLAN             NE   TRAINED SPOTTER

0621 PM     HAIL             FUNK                    40.46N 99.25W
05/22/2004  1.00 INCH        PHELPS             NE   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            50 MPH WIND GUSTS

&&

KISNER

Local storm report, May 22, 6:33 PM CDT, 20 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HASTINGS NE
633 PM CDT SAT MAY 22 2004

..TIME...   ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0633 PM     HAIL             7 S WILCOX              40.26N 99.17W
05/22/2004  1.00 INCH        FRANKLIN           NE   LAW ENFORCEMENT

&&

KISNER

Local storm report, May 22, 6:40 PM CDT, 13 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HASTINGS NE
640 PM CDT SAT MAY 22 2004

..TIME...   ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0639 PM     FUNNEL CLOUD     4 N FRANKLIN            40.15N 98.95W
05/22/2004                   FRANKLIN           NE   NWS EMPLOYEE

&&

KISNER

Local storm report, May 22, 6:43 PM CDT, 10 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HASTINGS NE
643 PM CDT SAT MAY 22 2004

..TIME...   ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0643 PM     FUNNEL CLOUD     5 W CAIRO               41.00N 98.70W
05/22/2004                   HALL               NE   PUBLIC

&&

KISNER

Local storm report, May 22, 6:46 PM CDT, 7 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT ... CORRECTION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HASTINGS NE
646 PM CDT SAT MAY 22 2004

..TIME...   ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0643 PM     FUNNEL CLOUD     10 WNW CAIRO            41.06N 98.79W
05/22/2004                   SHERMAN            NE   PUBLIC

&&
CORRECTED LOCATION OF EVENT.

KISNER

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Omaha, NE (KOAX), 12:00Z

11.9 hours before the tornado, 163 km from the path. May 22, 2004.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -81341 J/kg
Surface CAPE: 0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1886 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 56 kt
0-1 km bulk shear: 24 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: -293 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: -132 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.0
0-3 km lapse rate: 3.7 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Omaha, NE (KOAX), 00:00Z

0.1 hours after it, 163 km from the path. May 23, 2004.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.

Hodograph

Mixed-layer CAPE: 2882 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -5 J/kg
Surface CAPE: 3473 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1091 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 64 kt
0-1 km bulk shear: 6 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 51 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 260 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 4.2
Supercell composite: 16.7
0-3 km lapse rate: 6.7 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Hebron (HJH), 6 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)	Temp (°F)	Dew point (°F)	Wind	Gust (kt)	Pressure (mb)	Weather
00:00 UTC

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

The radar

The Grand Island radar (KUEX), 71 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 23:52 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

This ground now

The live radar over the track Every 2004 tornado in Nebraska Every tornado in Nebraska since 1950 Warnings in force in Nebraska now The forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of May 22, 2004

64 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

Date	Time	Rating	Where	Path (mi)	Width (yd)	Deaths	Injuries	Damage
May 22	3:58 PM EDT	F0	Saginaw, MI	2.5	50
May 22	4:02 PM EDT	F0	Saginaw, MI	0.2	30
May 22	2:10 PM MDT	F0	Goshen, WY	0.2	25
May 22	4:35 PM EDT	F0	Shiawassee, MI	0.1	20
May 22	4:45 PM EDT	F1	Tuscola, MI	1.0	50			$10,000
May 22	5:10 PM EDT	F0	Sanilac, MI	1.0	50			$20,000
May 22	3:20 PM MDT	F0	Logan, CO	0.1	50
May 22	5:22 PM CDT	F0	McPherson, NE	0.2	20
May 22	5:28 PM CDT	F0	Furnas, NE	0.1	50			$10,000
May 22	5:35 PM CDT	F1	Furnas, NE	3.0	400			$300,000
May 22	5:40 PM CDT	F0	Logan, NE	0.1	10
May 22	5:40 PM CDT	F0	Logan, NE	2.0	20
May 22	5:49 PM CDT	F0	Harlan, NE	0.2	50			$150,000
May 22	6:04 PM CDT	F0	Harlan, NE	0.2	100
May 22	6:10 PM CDT	F0	Colfax, NE	0.5	50
May 22	6:11 PM CDT	F0	Harlan, NE	0.2	75
May 22	6:34 PM CDT	F1	Custer, NE	0.2	20			$40,000
May 22	6:36 PM CDT	F0	Franklin, NE	0.1	50			$10,000
May 22	6:46 PM CDT	F0	Webster, NE	3.5	125			$250,000
May 22	6:50 PM CDT	F1	Custer, NE	0.5	30			$50,000
May 22	7:00 PM CDT	F2	Thayer, NE	8.0	800			$2.5 million
May 22	7:07 PM CDT	F1	Adair, IA	7.1	100			$50,000
May 22	7:10 PM CDT	F1	Adams, NE	7.0	150			$1.0 million
May 22	7:11 PM CDT	F0	Madison, IA	0.3	30
May 22	7:12 PM CDT	F0	Custer, NE	0.2	10
May 22	7:13 PM CDT	F0	Lincoln, NE	0.1	10
May 22	7:15 PM CDT	F1	Dodge, NE	2.0	200
May 22	7:17 PM CDT	F0	Custer, NE	0.1	10
May 22	7:19 PM CDT	F2	Adams, NE	23.0	700			$5.0 million
May 22	7:24 PM CDT	F0	Thayer, NE	1.0	50
May 22	7:26 PM CDT	F1	Fillmore, NE	2.5	100			$100,000
May 22	7:29 PM CDT	F1	Clay, NE	0.2	25
May 22	7:30 PM CDT	F4	Hallam tornado, NE	54.0	4,400	1	38	$160 million
May 22	7:32 PM CDT	F1	Fillmore, NE	2.0	150			$100,000
May 22	7:34 PM CDT	F0	York, NE	0.2	75			$40,000
May 22	7:35 PM CDT	F0	Jefferson, NE	2.0	80
May 22	7:45 PM CDT	F0	Story, IA	1.4	50			$2,000
May 22	7:45 PM CDT	F0	Dallas, IA	0.2	25
May 22	7:55 PM CDT	F1	Dallas, IA	5.0	100			$2,000
May 22	8:06 PM CDT	F0	Jasper, IA	0.2	25
May 22	8:13 PM CDT	F0	Dallas, IA	0.5	50			$1,000
May 22	8:19 PM CDT	F0	Harrison, IA	0.2	60
May 22	8:19 PM CDT	F0	Marshall, IA	0.5	40
May 22	8:20 PM CDT	F0	Jasper, IA	0.2	25
May 22	8:23 PM CDT	F0	Jasper, IA	0.2	25
May 22	8:27 PM CDT	F0	Dallas, IA	0.2	25
May 22	8:35 PM CDT	F0	Jasper, IA	0.2	25
May 22	8:36 PM CDT	F0	Jasper, IA	1.5	40			$10,000
May 22	8:40 PM CDT	F1	Marshall, IA	17.0	100			$10,000
May 22	8:42 PM CDT	F0	Republic, KS	0.1	50			$10,000
May 22	8:44 PM CDT	F2	Republic, KS	2.0	100			$90,000
May 22	8:45 PM CDT	F0	Shelby, IA	2.0	200
May 22	8:53 PM CDT	F1	Thayer, NE	10.0	400			$1.0 million
May 22	8:56 PM CDT	F0	Republic, KS	0.1	50
May 22	8:59 PM CDT	F0	Republic, KS	0.1	50
May 22	9:06 PM CDT	F0	Polk, IA	2.0	50
May 22	9:15 PM CDT	F0	Tama, IA	0.3	30
May 22	9:25 PM CDT	F0	Thayer, NE	6.0	200			$250,000
May 22	9:30 PM CDT	F1	Jefferson, NE	3.0	100
May 22	9:40 PM CDT	F1	Cass, NE	1.5	150

All 65 of them

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.