Tornadoes · United States · Montana · 2016
EF0 tornado, Webster, Montana, July 6, 2016
This EF0 tornado ran 0.3 miles across Fallon County on July 6, 2016, touching down at 3:40 PM MDT and reaching 25 yards wide. It killed nobody.
The rating scale
Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.
EF065 to 85 mphthis tornado
Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
EF186 to 110 mph
Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.
EF2111 to 135 mph
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.
EF3136 to 165 mph
Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.
EF4166 to 200 mph
Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.
EF5over 200 mph
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.
Unrated
The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.
The record
- Rating
- EF0
- Date
- July 6, 2016
- Touchdown
- 3:40 PM MDT (21:40 UTC)
- Lifted
- 3:45 PM MDT (21:45 UTC)
- On the ground
- 5 minutes
- Path length
- 0.3 miles (0.4 km)
- Path width
- 25 yards (23 m)
- Deaths
- 0
- Injuries
- 0
- County
- Fallon County
- Touchdown point
- 46.090, -104.360
- Lift-off point
- 46.090, -104.360
- Record number
- 1607061540-01
What the Weather Service recorded
A strong upper level short wave resulted in large-scale forcing across the eastern portions of the Billings Forecast Area. This resulted in severe thunderstorms across Custer and Fallon Counties during the afternoon of the 6th. Large hail, funnel clouds and a brief tornado were reported with a few of these thunderstorms.
Several people reported a funnel cloud form and touchdown with obvious debris/dust/dirt picked up on top of a hill.
From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.
The warnings
No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down.
The county was under a severe thunderstorm watch, issued at 18:56 UTC and running to 23:19 UTC.
| Issued (UTC) | Expired | Product | Office |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18:56 UTC | 23:19 UTC | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | BYZ |
| 21:44 UTC | 22:19 UTC | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BYZ |
| 22:05 UTC | 22:30 UTC | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BYZ |
Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.
The forecast that day
The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Slight Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 19:58 UTC.
SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.
The air that afternoon
The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.
Rapid City, SD (KRAP), 12:00Z
9.7 hours before the tornado, 253 km from the path. July 6, 2016.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 48 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -380 J/kg
- Surface CAPE
- 12 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 810 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 66 kt
- 0-1 km bulk shear
- 19 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 94 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 429 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
- 0-3 km lapse rate
- 3.8 K/km
Rapid City, SD (KRAP), 00:00Z
2.3 hours after it, 253 km from the path. July 7, 2016.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 238 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -182 J/kg
- Surface CAPE
- 102 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 3123 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 55 kt
- 0-1 km bulk shear
- 16 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 53 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 84 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- -0.0
- 0-3 km lapse rate
- 8.1 K/km
The radar
The Rapid City radar (KUDX), 249 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 21:37 UTC.
Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track
Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.
What was reported nearby
Local storm reports within 60 km of the path, in the three hours either side.
| Time (UTC) | Report | Where | County | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21:23 UTC | HAIL 0.75 | 4 Ssw Baker | Fallon, MT | |
| 21:24 UTC | HAIL 0.75 | 4 Ssw Baker | Fallon, MT | |
| 21:40 UTC | FUNNEL CLOUD | 7 S Baker | Fallon, MT | |
| 21:40 UTC | TSTM WND GST 75 | 1 Sse Baker | Fallon, MT | |
| 21:40 UTC | HAIL 1 | 7 S Baker | Fallon, MT | |
| 21:45 UTC | TORNADO | 2 N Webster | Fallon, MT | BRIEF TOUCHDOWN. NO DAMAGE. |
| 21:50 UTC | TSTM WND GST 58 | 13 Ne Baker | Fallon, MT |
From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service local storm reports.
This ground now
The live radar over the trackEvery 2016 tornado in MontanaEvery tornado in Montana since 1950Warnings in force in Montana nowThe forecast where you are
The other tornadoes of July 6, 2016
10 more were confirmed in the United States that day.
| Date | Time | Rating | Where | Path (mi) | Width (yd) | Deaths | Injuries | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 6 | 1:26 PM CDT | EF1 | Ballard, KY | 4.4 | 250 | $115,000 | ||
| July 6 | 1:39 PM CDT | EF1 | Massac, IL | 2.8 | 160 | 2 | $350,000 | |
| July 6 | 3:18 PM MDT | EF0 | Sheridan, NE | 0.1 | 10 | |||
| July 6 | 4:28 PM MDT | EF1 | Meade, SD | 1.1 | 100 | |||
| July 6 | 4:56 PM MDT | EF0 | Sheridan, NE | 0.1 | 10 | |||
| July 6 | 5:25 PM MDT | EF1 | Cherry, NE | 4.6 | 75 | $45,000 | ||
| July 6 | 5:30 PM MDT | EF1 | Cherry, NE | 0.5 | 50 | |||
| July 6 | 7:03 PM CDT | EF0 | McPherson, NE | 0.2 | 100 | |||
| July 6 | 6:55 PM MDT | EF0 | Arthur, NE | 0.1 | 10 | |||
| July 6 | 8:08 PM CDT | EF0 | McPherson, NE | 0.5 | 20 |
What this means
Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.
Sources
NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.