Tornadoes · United States · Missouri · 2008

EF0 tornado, Moundville, Missouri, March 31, 2008

This EF0 tornado ran 0.2 miles across Vernon County on March 31, 2008, touching down at 10:33 AM CDT and reaching 10 yards wide. It killed nobody.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. EF065 to 85 mphthis tornado

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. EF186 to 110 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. EF2111 to 135 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. EF3136 to 165 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. EF4166 to 200 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. EF5over 200 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
EF0
Date
March 31, 2008
Touchdown
10:33 AM CDT (15:33 UTC)
Lifted
10:34 AM CDT (15:34 UTC)
On the ground
1 minutes
Path length
0.2 miles (0.3 km)
Path width
10 yards (9 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
County
Vernon County
Touchdown point
37.775, -94.438
Lift-off point
37.777, -94.436
Record number
0803310933-01

What the Weather Service recorded

Eleven tornadoes and significant flash flooding occurred in response to several clusters of thunderstorms impacting the Missouri Ozarks. The ground was saturated from record rainfall in both the months of February and March.

A trained spotter witnessed a brief tornado touchdown in rural central Vernon County.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down. One was issued for the county at another hour that day.

The county was under a tornado watch, issued at 13:45 UTC and running to 21:00 UTC.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
12:51 UTC01:00 UTCFlash Flood WarningSGF
13:42 UTC14:21 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningSGF
13:45 UTC21:00 UTCTornado WatchSGF
15:10 UTC16:15 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningSGF
15:49 UTC17:00 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningSGF
15:57 UTC17:00 UTCTornado WarningSGF
16:56 UTC18:00 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningSGF
21:42 UTC01:11 UTCFlood WarningSGF
23:41 UTC17:02 UTCFlood WarningSGF

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Slight Risk, with a 0.05 chance of a tornado within 25 miles. The outlook in force was issued at 12:58 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Springfield, MO (KSGF), 12:00Z

3.6 hours before the tornado, 112 km from the path. March 31, 2008.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Springfield, MO at 12:00Z on 2008-03-31Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 640 joules per kilogram, CIN -126, lifted condensation level 596 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Springfield, MO at 12:00Z on 2008-03-31The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 336 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 48 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
640 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-126 J/kg
Surface CAPE
395 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
596 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
48 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
35 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
336 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
354 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.6
Supercell composite
10.7
0-3 km lapse rate
4.7 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Springfield, MO (KSGF), 00:00Z

8.4 hours after it, 112 km from the path. April 1, 2008.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Springfield, MO at 00:00Z on 2008-04-01Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 25 joules per kilogram, CIN -145, lifted condensation level 571 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Springfield, MO at 00:00Z on 2008-04-01The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 134 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 51 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
25 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-145 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
571 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
51 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
22 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
134 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
88 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
4.6 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The radar

The Springfield radar (KSGF), 109 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 15:32 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

What was reported nearby

Local storm reports within 60 km of the path, in the three hours either side.

Time (UTC)ReportWhereCountyRemark
15:33 UTCTORNADO6 Sw NevadaVernon, MOSTORM SPOTTER WITNESSED A TORNADO DAMAGING A HOME ON HIGHWAY BB.
16:59 UTCTSTM WND DMG1 Sw El Dorado SpringsCedar, MOA BARN AND SEVERAL OUTBUILDINGS WERE HEAVILY DAMAGED.
16:59 UTCTORNADO 02 Sw El Dorado SpringsCedar, MOAN EF-0 TORNADO TOUCHED DOWN 2 MILES SOUTHWEST OF ELDORADO SPRINGS. THE TORNADO WAS 75 YARDS WIDE AND HAD A PATH LENGTH OF A HALF MILE. ONE BARN WAS MINORLY DAMAGED AND SEVERAL TREES WERE UPROOTED OR SNAPPED OFF.
17:06 UTCTSTM WND DMG2 Se El Dorado SpringsCedar, MOA NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE STORM SURVEY DETERMINED A SWATH OF DAMAGE DUE TO STRONG STRAIGHTLINE WINDS OCCURRED FROM 2 MILES SOUTH OF ELDORADO SPRINGS TO 3 MILES EAST OF EL DORADO SPRINGS. SEVERAL OUTBUILDINGS AND A CAMPE
17:10 UTCTSTM WND DMG2 E El Dorado SpringsCedar, MOTREES DOWN AND SHINGLES BLOWN OFF ROOFS.
17:47 UTCFLASH FLOODEl Dorado SpringsCedar, MOSEVERAL ROADS CLOSED TO THROUGH TRAFFIC ACROSS TOWN. POSSIBLE EVACUATIONS FOR SOME HONES IN LOW AREAS NEAR TOWN.
17:51 UTCFLASH FLOODNevadaVernon, MOWATER REPORTED OVER HIGHWAY 54 NEAR NEVADA.

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service local storm reports.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 2008 tornado in MissouriEvery tornado in Missouri since 1950Warnings in force in Missouri nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of March 31, 2008

20 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
March 311:23 AM CDTEF0Oklahoma, OK0.220
March 311:39 AM CDTEF1Oklahoma, OK3.5100$450,000
March 315:46 AM CDTEF1Osage, OK5.5250$50,000
March 317:25 AM CDTEF0Washington, OK0.2100
March 319:20 AM CDTEF0Noble, OK0.120$5,000
March 319:48 AM CDTEF0Hickory, MO3.4100$25,000
March 3110:09 AM CDTEF0Lawrence, MO0.540$20,000
March 3111:59 AM CDTEF0Cedar, MO0.675$5,000
March 311:44 PM CDTEF1Ottawa, OK to MO5.4200$125,000
March 311:59 PM CDTEF0Newton, MO3.8803$100,000
March 312:17 PM CDTEF2Dallas, MO4.73003$1.0 million
March 312:46 PM CDTEF2Laclede, MO1.875$500,000
March 313:05 PM CDTEF0Johnson, TX0.840$35,000
March 313:10 PM CDTEF0Johnson, TX1.540$75,000
March 314:45 PM CDTEF0Monroe, IL1.830
March 315:06 PM CDTEF0Polk, MO0.850$25,000
March 315:12 PM CDTEF0Ozark, MO0.220$1,000
March 315:47 PM CDTEF0Howell, MO0.020$10,000
March 317:10 PM CDTEF0Choctaw, OK0.175
March 317:31 PM CDTEF1McCurtain, OK4.9450$10,000

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.