Tornadoes · United States · Missouri · 2005

F0 tornado, Tecumseh, Missouri, January 12, 2005

Name: F0 tornado, Tecumseh, Missouri, January 12, 2005
Start: 2005-01-13T02:56:00.000Z
Location: Tecumseh, Missouri

This F0 tornado ran 1.0 miles across Ozark County on January 12, 2005, touching down at 8:56 PM CST and reaching 100 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $50,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

F040 to 72 mphthis tornado
Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
F173 to 112 mph
Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.
F2113 to 157 mph
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.
F3158 to 206 mph
Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.
F4207 to 260 mph
Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.
F5261 to 318 mph
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.
Unrated
The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating: F0
Date: January 12, 2005
Touchdown: 8:56 PM CST (02:56 UTC)
Path length: 1.0 miles (1.6 km)
Path width: 100 yards (91 m)
Deaths: 0
Injuries: 0
Property damage: $50,000
County: Ozark County
Touchdown point: 36.580, -92.280
Lift-off point: 36.580, -92.280
Record number: 5

What the Weather Service recorded

A brief tornado touched down near the community of Tecumseh. Several large trees were snapped along Highway 160 near Cloud Nine Resort.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down. One was issued for the county at another hour that day.

Issued (UTC)	Expired	Product	Office
02:47 UTC	12:45 UTC	Flash Flood Warning	SGF
02:55 UTC	03:45 UTC	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF
03:08 UTC	04:00 UTC	Tornado Warning	SGF

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Slight Risk, with a 0.05 chance of a tornado within 25 miles. The outlook in force was issued at 01:03 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before the tornado touched down, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Springfield, MO wrote its last area forecast discussion before the tornado touched down at Jan 12, 8:55 PM CST, 1 minute earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jan 12, 8:55 PM CST, 1 minute before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
855 PM CST WED JAN 12 2005

.DISCUSSION...
BROKEN SQUALL LINE WITH EMBEDDED BOW SEGMENTS CONTINUES TO MOVE
ACROSS SOUTH CENTRAL MO. 00Z KSGF SOUNDING LAUNCHED MINUTES BEFORE
THIS LINE SHOWS THAT INSTABILITY REMAINS QUITE WEAK DESPITE
SPRING-LIKE AIRMASS PRESENT IN THE WARM SECTOR. STRONG LOW LEVEL AND
DEEP LAYER VERTICAL SHEAR HELPING TO SUSTAIN ACTIVITY WITH EMBEDDED
BOW SEGMENTS LIKELY STILL CAPABLE OF SEVERE WIND DAMAGE. CURRENTLY
MONITORING SMALL LEWP SEGMENT WHICH PRODUCED A 49 KNOT GUST AT
FLIPPIN ARKANSAS AND WILL AFFECT PORTIONS OF OZARK...HOWELL AND
OREGON COUNTIES OVER THE NEXT HOUR OR TWO. ADDITIONAL WARNINGS MAY
BE REQUIRED. HAVE TRIMMED BACK WW#3 ELSEWHERE AND EXPECT IT WILL BE
ALLOWED TO EXPIRE ON TIME AT 11 PM.

00Z KSGF SOUNDING ALSO INDICATED ABNORMALLY HIGH PRECIPITABLE WATER
CONTENT WITH 1.33 SOME 300 PERCENT ABOVE NORMAL REFLECTIVITY CROSS
SECTIONS CONTINUE TO SHOW HIGHEST REFLECTIVITIES MAINTAINED BELOW AN
UNUSUALLY HIGH FREEZING LEVEL...HELPING TO ADD TO VERY EFFICIENT
RAINFALL RATES. EXPECT THAT FLOODING THREAT WILL CONTINUE TO WORSEN
OVERNIGHT AS PRECIPITATION CONTINUES TO DEVELOP AND SPREAD NORTHWARD
AHEAD OF UPPER LEVEL SYSTEM IN AN AREA OF VERY STRONG MID LEVEL
FRONTOGENESIS. KSGF JUST PUSHED 6 OF RAINFALL FOR THE MONTH

LASTLY...STRONG LOW LEVEL COLD ADVECTION IN THE WAKE OF SURFACE COLD
FRONT HAS SENT TEMPERATURES BELOW FREEZING ACROSS FAR NWRN PORTIONS
OF THE CWA. MEANWHILE...TEMPERATURES ALOFT REMAIN WELL ABOVE
FREEZING WITH 850MB LOW CENTER STILL CENTERED OVER OKLAHOMA.
ALTHOUGH BEST FORCING APPEARS TO BE SOUTH AND EAST GIVEN SHARP DRY
SLOT NOTED IN SATELLITE IMAGERY...LIGHT FREEZING RAIN IS
EXPECTED...ESPECIALLY WITH APPROACH OF UPPER LEVEL LOW. THEREFORE
HAVE ISSUES A FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY FOR BOURBON COUNTY KS...AND
WILL EXPAND SOUTHEASTWARD OVERNIGHT IF TEMPERATURES CONTINUE TO FALL
BELOW FREEZING AND ADDITIONAL LIGHT RAIN DEVELOPS.

&&

.SGF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
.MO...FLOOD WATCH UNTIL THURSDAY 3 AM ALL COUNTIES.
.KS...FLOOD WATCH UNTIL THURSDAY 3 AM BOURBON...CHEROKEE AND
CRAWFORD COUNTIES.
FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY BOURBON COUNTY UNTIL 8 AM.

BOOKBINDER

Hazardous weather outlook, Jan 12, 8:05 PM CST, 51 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
805 PM CST WED JAN 12 2005

KSZ073-097-101-MOZ055>058-066>071-077>083-088>098-101>106-131200-
BARRY-BARTON-BENTON-BOURBON-CAMDEN-CEDAR-CHEROKEE-CHRISTIAN-CRAWFORD-
DADE-DALLAS-DENT-DOUGLAS-GREENE-HICKORY-HOWELL-JASPER-LACLEDE-
LAWRENCE-MARIES-MCDONALD-MILLER-MORGAN-NEWTON-OREGON-OZARK-PHELPS-
POLK-PULASKI-SHANNON-ST. CLAIR-STONE-TANEY-TEXAS-VERNON-WEBSTER-
WRIGHT-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...AVA...BOLIVAR...BRANSON...CAMDENTON...
FORT LEONARD WOOD...FORT SCOTT...HOUSTON...JOPLIN...LEBANON...
MONETT...MOUNT VERNON...NEOSHO...NEVADA...OSAGE BEACH...OZARK...
PITTSBURG...ROLLA...SPRINGFIELD...STOCKTON AND WEST PLAINS.
805 PM CST WED JAN 12 2005

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR THE MISSOURI OZARKS AND EXTREME
SOUTHEAST KANSAS.

.DAY ONE...OVERNIGHT.

  WEATHER HAZARDS EXPECTED:

  WIDESPREAD THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING...
   HAIL TO THE SIZE OF PENNIES.
   DAMAGING WIND GUSTS TO 60 MPH.
   TORRENTIAL RAINFALL WITH WIDESPREAD FLASH FLOODING.

  FREEZING RAIN.

  AREAS AFFECTED AND TIMING:

  STRONG TO LOCALLY SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL CONTINUE TO MOVE
  EAST INTO SOUTH CENTRAL MISSOURI BETWEEN 8 AND 11 PM BEFORE
  EXITING THE AREA.

  MODERATE TO HEAVY RAIN AND EMBEDDED THUNDERSTORMS WILL ALSO
  CONTINUE THROUGH MUCH OF THE OVERNIGHT HOURS ACROSS THE REMAINDER
  OF THE REGION...WITH MODERATE TO WIDESPREAD FLOODING EXPECTED.

  FREEZING RAIN WILL BE POSSIBLE ACROSS EXTREME SOUTHEAST KANSAS AND
  FAR WESTERN MISSOURI...ESPECIALLY AFTER MIDNIGHT.

  DISCUSSION:

  STRONG TO LOCALLY SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL CONTINUE ACROSS SOUTH
  CENTRAL MISSOURI FOR THE NEXT SEVERAL HOURS. DESPITE WEAK
  INSTABILITY...STRONG VERTICAL WIND SHEAR WILL SUPPORT LOCALLY
  DAMAGING WINDS AND A FEW HAIL STONES UP TO THE SIZE OF PENNIES.

  ELSEWHERE...MODERATE TO HEAVY RAINFALL WITH EMBEDDED THUNDERSTORMS
  WILL ACROSS THE ENTIRE REGION THROUGH THE EARLY MORNING HOURS.
  FLASH FLOODING WILL BECOME AN INCREASING THREAT AS STORMS MOVE
  REPEATEDLY ACROSS THE SAME AREAS. A QUICK ONE TO TWO INCHES OF
  RAINFALL WILL OCCUR IN SOME AREAS WITH LOCALLY HEAVIER AMOUNTS
  POSSIBLE. WITH AN ALREADY SATURATED GROUND...ANY HEAVY RAIN
  WILL QUICKLY TURN INTO EXCESS RUNOFF AND RESULT IN FLASH FLOODING.

  LASTLY...TEMPERATURES HAVE FALLEN SHARPLY OVER EXTREME SOUTHEAST
  KANSAS IN THE WAKE OF A STRONG COLD FRONT. AS READINGS FALL
  BELOW FREEZING ACROSS WEST CENTRAL MISSOURI AND EXTREME SOUTHEAST
  KANSAS OVERNIGHT...RAIN WILL GRADUALLY CHANGE OVER TO FREEZING
  RAIN. LIGHT TO MODERATE ICING COULD DEVELOP OVER THE AFFECTED
  AREAS. MORE INFORMATION CAN BE FOUND IN THE FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY
  PRODUCT.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY.

  FREEZING RAIN MAY CONTINUE OVER WESTERN MISSOURI AND EXTREME
  SOUTHEAST KANSAS INTO THE MORNING HOURS.

  OTHERWISE...COLD WEATHER WITH WIND CHILL VALUES OF AROUND ZERO
  WILL OCCUR OVER THE UPCOMING WEEKEND AS ARCTIC AIR SURGES SOUTH
  OVER THE MID SECTION OF THE COUNTRY. A WEAK DISTURBANCE MAY
  PRODUCE SOME LIGHT SNOW ON SUNDAY.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

  SPOTTERS AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ARE ALSO ENCOURAGED TO RELAY
  REPORTS OF FLOODING.

BOOKBINDER

In the hours before

Local storm report, Jan 12, 7:00 PM CST, 1 hour 56 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
700 PM CST WED JAN 12 2005

..TIME..    ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE..    ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0442 PM     TSTM WND GST     2 N AURORA              37.00N 93.72W
01/12/2005  60 MPH           LAWRENCE           MO   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            REPORTED BY LAW ENFORCEMENT.

SAW

Local storm report, Jan 12, 7:24 PM CST, 1 hour 32 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
724 PM CST WED JAN 12 2005

..TIME..    ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE..    ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0355 PM     HAIL             3 N MORRISVILLE         37.52N 93.43W
01/12/2005  0.88 INCH        POLK               MO   PUBLIC

            PENNY TO NICKEL SIZE HAIL COVERING THE GROUND. ALSO
            SHINGLE DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.

0615 PM     FLASH FLOOD      CASSVILLE               36.68N 93.87W
01/12/2005                   BARRY              MO   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            STREET FLOODING AND ROADS CLOSED WITHIN THE CITY LIMITS

0656 PM     FLASH FLOOD      LOUISBURG               37.75N 93.15W
01/12/2005                   DALLAS             MO   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            WATER OVER STATE HIGHWAY 64 WEST OF THE U.S. HIGHWAY 65
            JUNCTION

SAW

Special weather statement, Jan 12, 7:39 PM CST, 1 hour 17 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT - SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
739 PM CST WED JAN 12 2005

KSZ073-097-101-MOZ055>058-066>071-077>081-088>091-093-094-101>103-
130239-
BARRY-BARTON-BENTON-BOURBON-CAMDEN-CEDAR-CHEROKEE-CRAWFORD-DADE-
DALLAS-GREENE-HICKORY-JASPER-LACLEDE-LAWRENCE-MARIES-MCDONALD-MILLER-
MORGAN-NEWTON-PHELPS-POLK-PULASKI-ST. CLAIR-STONE-VERNON-WEBSTER-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...BOLIVAR...CAMDENTON...FORT LEONARD WOOD...
FORT SCOTT...JOPLIN...LEBANON...MONETT...MOUNT VERNON...NEOSHO...
NEVADA...OSAGE BEACH...PITTSBURG...ROLLA...SPRINGFIELD AND STOCKTON.
739 PM CST WED JAN 12 2005

SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH NUMBER 3 IS CANCELLED FOR THE FOLLOWING
COUNTIES...

IN MISSOURI:

BARRY...BARTON...BENTON...CAMDEN...CEDAR...DADE...DALLAS...GREENE...
HICKORY...JASPER...LACLEDE...LAWRENCE...MARIES...MCDONALD...MILLER...
MORGAN...NEWTON...PHELPS...POLK...PULASKI...ST. CLAIR...STONE...
VERNON AND WEBSTER.

IN KANSAS:

BOURBON...CHEROKEE AND CRAWFORD.

MOZ082-083-092-095>098-104>106-130400-
CHRISTIAN-DENT-DOUGLAS-HOWELL-OREGON-OZARK-SHANNON-TANEY-TEXAS-
WRIGHT-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...AVA...BRANSON...HOUSTON...
OZARK AND WEST PLAINS.
739 PM CST WED JAN 12 2005

SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH NUMBER 3 REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1000 PM
CST WEDNESDAY EVENING...FOR THE FOLLOWING COUNTIES...

IN MISSOURI:

CHRISTIAN...DENT...DOUGLAS...HOWELL...OREGON...OZARK...SHANNON...
TANEY...TEXAS AND WRIGHT.

SOME CITIES IN THIS SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH INCLUDE AVA...
BRANSON...HOUSTON...OZARK AND WEST PLAINS.

BOOKBINDER

Local storm report, Jan 12, 7:58 PM CST, 58 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
758 PM CST WED JAN 12 2005

..TIME..    ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE..    ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0736 PM     FLASH FLOOD      1 S NEWTONIA            36.87N 94.18W
01/12/2005                   NEWTON             MO   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            WATER OVER HIGHWAY 86 BETWEEN NEWTONIA AND STARK CITY

SAW

Local storm report, Jan 12, 8:35 PM CST, 21 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
835 PM CST WED JAN 12 2005

..TIME..    ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE..    ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0820 PM     FLASH FLOOD      SPRINGFIELD             37.20N 93.30W
01/12/2005                   GREENE             MO   NWS EMPLOYEE

            WARD BRANCH CREEK IS OUT OF ITS BANKS AND FLOWING OVER
            EAST BUENA VISTA ROAD (SOUTH OF THE JAMES RIVER
            EXPRESSWAY AND WEST OF HIGHWAY 160)

0825 PM     FLASH FLOOD      2 W FAIR GROVE          37.38N 93.19W
01/12/2005                   GREENE             MO   AMATEUR RADIO

            HIGHWAY CC CLOSED WEST OF FAIR GROVE NEAR HIGHWAY H DUE
            TO FLOODING

SAW

Local storm report, Jan 12, 8:52 PM CST, 4 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
852 PM CST WED JAN 12 2005

..TIME..    ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE..    ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0833 PM     FLASH FLOOD      2 E FAIR GROVE          37.38N 93.11W
01/12/2005                   GREENE             MO   BROADCAST MEDIA

            2 WATER RESCUES IN PROGRESS: AT THE INTERSECTION OF FARM
            ROAD 235 AND HWY E...ALONG WITH THE INTERSECTION OF FARM
            ROADS 231 AND 2

SAW

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Springfield, MO (KSGF), 00:00Z

2.9 hours before the tornado, 140 km from the path. January 13, 2005.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -25004 J/kg
Surface CAPE: 14 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 572 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 47 kt
0-1 km bulk shear: 12 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: -16 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 49 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.0
0-3 km lapse rate: 5.4 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Springfield, MO (KSGF), 12:00Z

9.1 hours after it, 140 km from the path. January 13, 2005.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.

Hodograph

Mixed-layer CAPE: 17 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: 0 J/kg
Surface CAPE: 3 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 371 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 120 kt
0-1 km bulk shear: 24 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 161 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 174 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.0
0-3 km lapse rate: 3.0 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Mountain Home/Baxter County (BPK), 29 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)	Temp (°F)	Dew point (°F)	Wind	Gust (kt)	Pressure (mb)	Weather
01:53 UTC	64	56	150° 13 kt		1001	-RA
02:34 UTC	62.6	57.2	150° 13 kt	18	999.3	-TSRA
02:45 UTC	60.8	55.4	210° 17 kt	35	1002	+TSRA BR
02:53 UTC	57	55	220° 11 kt	25	1001.4	+TSRA BR
02:58 UTC	55.4	55.4	220° 10 kt	20	1001	+TSRA BR
03:08 UTC	55.4	55.4	230° 7 kt		1000.7	+TSRA BR
03:11 UTC	55.4	55.4	220° 6 kt		1001	+TSRA BR
03:15 UTC	55.4	55.4	260° 8 kt		1000.7	+TSRA BR
03:23 UTC	55.4	55.4	5 kt		1001	TSRA BR
03:53 UTC	56	55	4 kt		1001	VCTS -RA
04:32 UTC	55.4	55.4	240° 3 kt		1001	VCTS +RA BR
04:39 UTC	55.4	55.4	170° 3 kt		1000.7	+RA BR
04:42 UTC	55.4	55.4	190° 5 kt		1000.7	+RA BR
04:53 UTC	57	55	240° 5 kt		1001	VCTS +RA BR

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

The radar

The Springfield radar (KSGF), 123 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 02:56 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

This ground now

The live radar over the track Every 2005 tornado in Missouri Every tornado in Missouri since 1950 Warnings in force in Missouri now The forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of January 12, 2005

4 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

Date	Time	Rating	Where	Path (mi)	Width (yd)	Deaths	Injuries	Damage
January 12	9:30 PM CST	F1	Howell, MO	16.0	440			$300,000
January 12	9:50 PM CST	F0	Shannon, MO	2.0	220			$100,000
January 12	10:58 PM CST	F2	Claiborne Parish, LA	15.0	250		12	$4.0 million
January 12	11:25 PM CST	F3	Union, AR	24.0	900	2	13	$3.0 million

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.