Tornadoes · United States · Kansas · 2021

Unrated tornado, Baldwin Arpt, Kansas, March 15, 2021

This Unrated tornado ran 0.0 miles across Douglas County on March 15, 2021, touching down at 4:54 PM CDT and reaching 10 yards wide. It killed nobody.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. EF065 to 85 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. EF186 to 110 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. EF2111 to 135 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. EF3136 to 165 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. EF4166 to 200 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. EF5over 200 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unratedthis tornado

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
Unrated
Date
March 15, 2021
Touchdown
4:54 PM CDT (21:54 UTC)
Path length
0.0 miles (0.0 km)
Path width
10 yards (9 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
County
Douglas County
Touchdown point
38.802, -95.180
Lift-off point
38.802, -95.180
Record number
2103151554-01

What the Weather Service recorded

Scattered t-storms developed on the afternoon of March 15th. While dewpoints were only in the upper 40s a boundary along with enhanced low level vorticity in the atmosphere could have helped facilitate the development of a brief tornado on this day. A photo was taken approximately 2 miles north of Baldwin City, KS that showed a possible tornado around 454pm CDT. No damage or other reports were received from anyone else regarding this funnel or small tornado.

Scattered t-storms developed on the afternoon of March 15th. While dewpoints were only in the upper 40s a boundary along with enhanced low level vorticity in the atmosphere could have helped facilitate the development of a brief tornado on this day. A photo was taken approximately 2 miles north of Baldwin City, KS that showed a possible tornado around 454pm CDT. No damage or other reports were received from anyone else regarding this funnel or small tornado.

A photo taken appeared to show a small funnel that likely was extending to the ground. No damage was reported with this feature and no other reports were received from this feature. It will be considered an EFU since the photo appears to suggest that some part of the circulation was likely near or on the ground.

A photo taken appeared to show a small funnel that likely was extending to the ground. No damage was reported with this feature and no other reports were received from this feature. It will be considered an EFU since the photo appears to suggest that some part of the circulation was likely near or on the ground albeit briefly.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down.

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Marginal Risk, with a 0.02 chance of a tornado within 25 miles. The outlook in force was issued at 19:49 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Topeka, KS (KTOP), 12:00Z

9.9 hours before the tornado, 46 km from the path. March 15, 2021.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Topeka, KS at 12:00Z on 2021-03-15Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -597, lifted condensation level 685 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Topeka, KS at 12:00Z on 2021-03-15The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 126 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 44 knots.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-597 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
685 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
44 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
13 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
126 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
178 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
5.4 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Topeka, KS (KTOP), 00:00Z

2.1 hours after it, 46 km from the path. March 16, 2021.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Topeka, KS at 00:00Z on 2021-03-16Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -79818, lifted condensation level 930 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Topeka, KS at 00:00Z on 2021-03-16The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 138 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 67 knots.1939587897117136Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-79818 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
930 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
67 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
19 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
138 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
170 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
6.4 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Lawrence (LWC), 23 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
19:55 UTC70° 11 kt1005.8
20:00 UTC70° 10 kt1005.8
20:05 UTC80° 8 kt1005.8
20:10 UTC70° 9 kt1005.8
20:15 UTC60° 10 kt1005.8
20:30 UTC70° 11 kt1005.8
20:35 UTC70° 11 kt1005.8-RA
20:40 UTC70° 11 kt1005.8-RA
20:50 UTC53.648.270° 11 kt1005.8-RA
20:50 UTC70° 11 kt1005.8-RA
20:52 UTC534970° 11 kt1005.8-RA BR
20:55 UTC70° 9 kt1005.8-RA BR
21:00 UTC60° 13 kt1005.8-RA
21:05 UTC60° 11 kt1005.8-RA
21:10 UTC70° 10 kt1005.8
21:15 UTC70° 11 kt1006.1
21:20 UTC70° 13 kt1006.1
21:25 UTC534860° 13 kt1006.1VCTS
21:25 UTC60° 13 kt1006.1
21:30 UTC50° 11 kt161006.1
21:35 UTC60° 9 kt1006.4
21:40 UTC70° 8 kt1006.4
21:45 UTC70° 9 kt151006.8-RA
21:50 UTC70° 10 kt1006.8-RA
21:52 UTC524760° 7 kt1006.8-TSRA
21:55 UTC70° 5 kt1007.1-RA BR
22:00 UTC70° 8 kt1007.1+RA BR
22:05 UTC60° 8 kt1007.1RA BR
22:07 UTC514860° 10 kt1007.1VCTS RA BR
22:10 UTC100° 5 kt1006.8RA BR
22:13 UTC524890° 13 kt1006.4-RA BR
22:15 UTC70° 10 kt1006.4-RA BR
22:20 UTC50° 13 kt191006.4-RA BR
22:30 UTC60° 10 kt1006.8
22:35 UTC60° 9 kt1007.1
22:40 UTC60° 8 kt1007.1
22:45 UTC60° 5 kt1007.1
22:50 UTC70° 5 kt1007.1
22:52 UTC524870° 6 kt1007.1
22:55 UTC60° 7 kt1007.1
23:00 UTC60° 8 kt1007.1
23:05 UTC60° 7 kt1007.1-RA
23:10 UTC60° 5 kt1007.5-RA
23:15 UTC60° 7 kt1007.1-RA
23:20 UTC70° 5 kt1007.1
23:25 UTC80° 5 kt1007.5
23:30 UTC80° 7 kt1007.5
23:35 UTC70° 8 kt1007.5
23:40 UTC80° 8 kt1007.5
23:45 UTC80° 8 kt1007.5
23:50 UTC70° 8 kt1007.5
23:52 UTC514770° 7 kt1007.5

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

What was reported nearby

Local storm reports within 60 km of the path, in the three hours either side.

Time (UTC)ReportWhereCountyRemark
19:22 UTCHEAVY RAIN 1.714 S OzawkieJefferson, KS24 HOUR TOTAL.
21:04 UTCHAIL 1Spring HillJohnson, KS
21:21 UTCHAIL 13 Ne Spring HillJohnson, KSREPORT FROM MPING: QUARTER (1.00 IN.).
21:30 UTCTORNADO3 W StillwellJohnson, KSREPORT OF A TORNADO NEAR 199TH AND SWITZER.
21:32 UTCHAIL 0.52 Sw StanleyJohnson, KSREPORT FROM MPING: HALF-INCH (0.50 IN.).

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service local storm reports.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 2021 tornado in KansasEvery tornado in Kansas since 1950Warnings in force in Kansas nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of March 15, 2021

2 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
March 154:30 PM CDTEF0Johnson, KS1.450$100,000
March 155:12 PM CDTEF0Cass, MO0.010

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.