Tornadoes · United States · Kansas · 1998

F0 tornado, Liberal, Kansas, May 7, 1998

This F0 tornado ran 0.4 miles across Seward County on May 7, 1998, touching down at 7:04 PM CDT and reaching 50 yards wide. It killed nobody.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. F040 to 72 mphthis tornado

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. F173 to 112 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. F2113 to 157 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. F3158 to 206 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. F4207 to 260 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. F5261 to 318 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
F0
Date
May 7, 1998
Touchdown
7:04 PM CDT (00:04 UTC)
Path length
0.4 miles (0.6 km)
Path width
50 yards (46 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
County
Seward County
Touchdown point
37.070, -101.030
Lift-off point
37.070, -101.030
Record number
242

What the Weather Service recorded

Reported by a pilot.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

No tornado warning for this county appears in the archive as in force at the moment the tornado touched down.

Issued (UTC)ExpiredProductOffice
00:21 UTC01:10 UTCSevere Thunderstorm WarningDDC

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a General Thunderstorms Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 14:48 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Dodge City, (KDDC), 00:00Z

0.1 hours before the tornado, 127 km from the path. May 8, 1998.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Dodge City, at 00:00Z on 1998-05-08Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 104 joules per kilogram, CIN -61, lifted condensation level 1355 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Dodge City, at 00:00Z on 1998-05-08The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 27 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 47 knots.1939587897117136Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
104 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-61 J/kg
Surface CAPE
545 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1355 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
47 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
3 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
27 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
175 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
8.0 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Dodge City, (KDDC), 12:00Z

11.9 hours after it, 127 km from the path. May 8, 1998.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Dodge City, at 12:00Z on 1998-05-08Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -73238, lifted condensation level 1386 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Dodge City, at 12:00Z on 1998-05-08The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 69 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 65 knots.1939587897117Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-73238 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1386 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
65 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
8 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
69 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
169 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
3.9 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The radar

The Dodge City radar (KDDC), 121 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 00:04 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 1998 tornado in KansasEvery tornado in Kansas since 1950Warnings in force in Kansas nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of May 7, 1998

42 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
May 76:03 AM CDTF1Madison, AL1.550$100,000
May 76:27 AM CDTF1Madison, AL2.080$110,000
May 72:30 PM EDTF1Bradley, TN6.0100$380,000
May 72:00 PM CDTF1Polk, TN to NC14.0100$180,000
May 73:55 PM EDTF0Union, GA9.0100$50,000
May 74:35 PM EDTF1Madison, NC1.350
May 74:35 PM EDTF0Caswell, NC0.5502$200,000
May 75:08 PM EDTF0Oconee, SC0.150
May 75:15 PM EDTF0Alexander, NC5.0300$420,000
May 75:25 PM EDTF1Iredell, NC3.01,320$100,000
May 75:25 PM EDTF0Oconee, SC0.150$10,000
May 75:49 PM EDTF4Caldwell, NC4.01,3202$1.1 million
May 75:50 PM EDTF1Iredell, NC3.0440$1.0 million
May 75:55 PM EDTF2McDowell, NC3.7880$480,000
May 76:03 PM EDTF1Alexander, NC10.0200$450,000
May 76:15 PM EDTF0Davie, NC5.0100
May 76:19 PM EDTF1Surry, NC2.5100$800,000
May 76:24 PM EDTF0Elbert, GA0.130
May 76:25 PM EDTF0Abbeville, SC5.050$30,000
May 76:30 PM EDTF3Forsyth, NC2.0305$50 million
May 76:42 PM EDTF1Greenwood, SC10.0100$70,000
May 76:49 PM EDTF2Lincoln, NC2.0440$210,000
May 77:10 PM EDTF1Davidson, NC0.1100$50,000
May 77:15 PM EDTF3Edgefield, SC5.0880$300,000
May 77:20 PM EDTF1Guilford, NC1.530$100,000
May 77:25 PM EDTF0Lincoln, NC5.050$20,000
May 77:33 PM EDTF1Lincoln, GA0.5100$50,000
May 77:40 PM EDTF1Pittsylvania, VA0.3502$150,000
May 77:41 PM EDTF2Lincoln, GA1.02008$300,000
May 77:45 PM EDTF0Mecklenburg, NC6.050$50,000
May 77:47 PM EDTF1Lincoln, GA1.0100$50,000
May 77:47 PM EDTF2Edgefield, SC6.04402$500,000
May 77:53 PM EDTF2Lincoln, GA0.5200$350,000
May 78:03 PM EDTF0McCormick, SC0.5100
May 78:07 PM EDTF1Guilford, NC1.530
May 78:11 PM EDTF1Randolph, NC1.030
May 78:12 PM EDTF1Saluda, SC1.5150$50,000
May 78:15 PM EDTF3Edgefield, SC12.088019$1.0 million
May 78:35 PM EDTF0Greene, OH0.230$10,000
May 78:45 PM EDTF0Aiken, SC3.0100
May 711:48 PM EDTF1New Hanover, NC2.040$40,000
May 712:13 AM EDTF0McCormick, SC0.5100

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.