Tornadoes · United States · Indiana · 1974
F4 Hanover–Madison tornado, Indiana, April 3, 1974
This F4 tornado ran 35.6 miles across Clark, Scott, Jefferson and Ripley counties on April 3, 1974, touching down at 3:19 PM CDT and reaching 1,200 yards wide. It killed 11 people and injured 190, and did $50 million to $500 million of property damage.
The rating scale
Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.
F040 to 72 mph
Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
F173 to 112 mph
Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.
F2113 to 157 mph
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.
F3158 to 206 mph
Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.
F4207 to 260 mphthis tornado
Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.
F5261 to 318 mph
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.
Unrated
The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.
The record
- Rating
- F4
- Date
- April 3, 1974
- Touchdown
- 3:19 PM CDT (20:19 UTC)
- Path length
- 35.6 miles (57.3 km)
- Path width
- 1,200 yards (1097 m)
- Deaths
- 11
- Injuries
- 190
- Property damage
- $50 million to $500 million
- Counties
- Clark, Scott, Jefferson and Ripley counties
- Touchdown point
- 38.550, -85.750
- Lift-off point
- 38.930, -85.250
- Record number
- 126
The damage survey
6 damage points were recorded along this path by NWS LMK, in the Damage Assessment Toolkit the survey teams carry. The strongest indicator was rated EF5. The highest wind the damage implies is 70 mph.
Survey points are preliminary and are the raw material the published rating was built from. Source: NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit.
What the Weather Service recorded
The deaths
12 direct deaths are recorded for this tornado, each with what Storm Data knows of it.
| Age | Sex | Where | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| Direct | |||
| Direct |
From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.
The surface observations
Louisville/Bowman (LOU), 59 km from the path, in the two hours either side.
| Time (UTC) | Temp (°F) | Dew point (°F) | Wind | Gust (kt) | Pressure (mb) | Weather |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 00:00 UTC |
From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.
This ground now
The live radar over the trackEvery 1974 tornado in IndianaEvery tornado in Indiana since 1950Warnings in force in Indiana nowThe forecast where you are
The other tornadoes of April 3, 1974
127 more were confirmed in the United States that day.
| Date | Time | Rating | Where | Path (mi) | Width (yd) | Deaths | Injuries | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 3 | 9:00 AM EDT | F1 | Burke, NC | 6.9 | 10 | $5,000 to $50,000 | ||
| April 3 | 9:30 AM EST | F2 | Boone, IN | 0.1 | 50 | |||
| April 3 | 2:00 PM EDT | F2 | Gilmer, GA | 15.6 | 200 | 5 | $500,000 to $5 million | |
| April 3 | 1:10 PM CDT | F0 | Grundy, IL | 0.1 | 10 | |||
| April 3 | 3:05 PM EDT | F3 | Bradley, TN | 18.1 | 350 | 1 | 100 | $50,000 to $500,000 |
| April 3 | 2:07 PM CDT | F0 | McLean, IL | 0.1 | 10 | |||
| April 3 | 2:08 PM CDT | F1 | Logan, IL | 16.7 | 177 | $500,000 to $5 million | ||
| April 3 | 2:15 PM EST | F1 | Orange, IN | 14.0 | 177 | $50,000 to $500,000 | ||
| April 3 | 2:20 PM EST | F5 | Depauw–Palmyra tornado, IN | 68.0 | 10 | 6 | 86 | $50 million to $500 million |
| April 3 | 3:30 PM EDT | F5 | Xenia tornado, OH | 31.3 | 533 | 36 | 1150 | $50 million to $500 million |
| April 3 | 2:30 PM EST | F3 | Lawrence, IN | 35.8 | 177 | 1 | 26 | $5 million to $50 million |
| April 3 | 2:30 PM CDT | F3 | Macon, IL | 20.9 | 350 | 1 | 26 | $500,000 to $5 million |
| April 3 | 2:30 PM CDT | F3 | McLean, IL | 7.4 | 350 | $50,000 to $500,000 | ||
| April 3 | 2:45 PM EST | F3 | Shelby, IN | 20.7 | 440 | 1 | 25 | $5 million to $50 million |
| April 3 | 2:45 PM CDT | F1 | Christian, IL | 8.5 | 70 | $50,000 to $500,000 | ||
| April 3 | 4:00 PM EDT | F2 | Blount, TN | 0.5 | 50 | 2 | $50,000 to $500,000 | |
| April 3 | 3:00 PM EST | F4 | Kennard tornado, IN | 18.9 | 10 | 17 | $5 million to $50 million | |
| April 3 | 3:01 PM EST | F4 | Bartholomew, IN | 35.6 | 1,200 | 4 | 17 | $5 million to $50 million |
| April 3 | 3:10 PM CDT | F1 | Piatt, IL | 10.9 | 20 | $500 to $5,000 | ||
| April 3 | 3:20 PM CDT | F5 | Brandenburg tornado, KY | 32.0 | 440 | 31 | 270 | $500,000 to $5 million |
| April 3 | 3:25 PM CDT | F0 | Piatt, IL | 3.3 | 20 | $500 to $5,000 | ||
| April 3 | 4:30 PM EDT | F1 | McMinn, TN | 3.6 | 27 | 1 | 32 | $500 to $5,000 |
| April 3 | 3:35 PM EST | F4 | Henry, IN | 18.0 | 1,400 | 1 | 12 | $5 million to $50 million |
| April 3 | 3:40 PM EST | F4 | Jefferson, IN | 27.1 | 1,133 | 104 | $5 million to $50 million | |
| April 3 | 3:48 PM CDT | F3 | Champaign, IL | 5.9 | 70 | 1 | $50,000 to $500,000 | |
| April 3 | 4:50 PM EDT | F1 | Hamilton, TN | 5.9 | 27 | 2 | $5,000 to $50,000 | |
| April 3 | 4:55 PM EDT | F2 | Madison, OH | 15.7 | 180 | $50,000 to $500,000 | ||
| April 3 | 3:55 PM CDT | F3 | Champaign, IL | 14.9 | 350 | $50,000 to $500,000 | ||
| April 3 | 5:00 PM EDT | F1 | Transylvania, NC | 1.0 | 30 | $5,000 to $50,000 | ||
| April 3 | 4:00 PM CDT | F4 | Grayson, KY | 14.0 | 150 | 2 | $50 to $500 | |
| April 3 | 4:00 PM CDT | F1 | Robertson, TN | 4.3 | 27 | $5,000 to $50,000 | ||
| April 3 | 4:20 PM CDT | F5 | Sayler Park tornado, Ohio | 20.8 | 533 | 3 | 210 | |
| April 3 | 4:25 PM CDT | F2 | Vermilion, IL | 7.8 | 177 | 12 | $500,000 to $5 million | |
| April 3 | 5:28 PM EDT | F4 | Hamilton, OH | 19.8 | 350 | 2 | 39 | $50,000 to $500,000 |
| April 3 | 4:30 PM CDT | F2 | Jefferson, AL | 1.0 | 800 | $5,000 to $50,000 | ||
| April 3 | 4:30 PM EST | F3 | Warren, IN | 25.9 | 700 | $50,000 to $500,000 | ||
| April 3 | 4:30 PM CDT | F1 | Coles, IL | 14.8 | 90 | $5,000 to $50,000 | ||
| April 3 | 4:37 PM CDT | F4 | Louisville tornado, KY | 18.5 | 10 | 3 | 225 | |
| April 3 | 4:45 PM EST | F4 | Monticello tornado, IN | 108.7 | 1,760 | 18 | 285 | $50 million to $500 million |
| April 3 | 5:45 PM EDT | F4 | Elizabethtown tornado, KY | 37.9 | 10 | 3 | 81 | $50,000 to $500,000 |
| April 3 | 4:45 PM CDT | F3 | Simpson, KY | 31.1 | 10 | 3 | 57 | $500,000 to $5 million |
| April 3 | 6:00 PM EDT | F1 | Cherokee, NC | 0.1 | 10 | |||
| April 3 | 6:00 PM EDT | F2 | Warren, OH | 9.8 | 177 | 9 | $500,000 to $5 million | |
| April 3 | 6:00 PM EDT | F2 | Loudon, TN | 0.1 | 100 | 2 | $50,000 to $500,000 | |
| April 3 | 6:00 PM EDT | F2 | Monroe, TN | 1.0 | 200 | $50,000 to $500,000 | ||
| April 3 | 5:00 PM CDT | F3 | Jones, MS | 12.0 | 100 | 1 | $50,000 to $500,000 | |
| April 3 | 6:05 PM EDT | F2 | Franklin, OH | 5.1 | 90 | $50,000 to $500,000 | ||
| April 3 | 6:15 PM EDT | F1 | Henry, KY | 31.7 | 10 | 18 | $5,000 to $50,000 | |
| April 3 | 6:15 PM EDT | F3 | Bradley, TN | 21.2 | 500 | 3 | 50 | $50,000 to $500,000 |
| April 3 | 6:18 PM EDT | F1 | Pickaway, OH | 1.0 | 10 | 7 | $5,000 to $50,000 | |
| April 3 | 5:18 PM CDT | F2 | Davidson, TN | 4.7 | 400 | $500,000 to $5 million | ||
| April 3 | 5:21 PM CDT | F1 | Calhoun, AL | 1.0 | 800 | $500 to $5,000 | ||
| April 3 | 5:30 PM CDT | F1 | Maury, TN | 7.9 | 100 | $5,000 to $50,000 | ||
| April 3 | 6:40 PM EDT | F4 | Resaca tornado, GA | 29.5 | 200 | 9 | 67 | $500,000 to $5 million |
| April 3 | 5:40 PM CDT | F4 | Green, KY | 20.2 | 10 | 56 | $500,000 to $5 million | |
| April 3 | 6:50 PM EDT | F4 | Anderson, KY | 79.4 | 10 | 4 | 122 | $50,000 to $500,000 |
| April 3 | 5:50 PM CDT | F2 | Cleburne, AL to GA | 65.9 | 150 | 1 | 20 | $500,000 to $5 million |
| April 3 | 6:00 PM CDT | F2 | Trousdale, TN | 15.8 | 300 | $500,000 to $5 million | ||
| April 3 | 6:00 PM CDT | F1 | Marshall, TN | 12.9 | 200 | 4 | $5,000 to $50,000 | |
| April 3 | 6:10 PM CDT | F3 | Rutherford, TN | 15.9 | 100 | $500 to $5,000 |
What this means
Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.
Sources
NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.