Tornadoes · United States · Georgia · 2011

EF1 tornado, Shell Bluff, Georgia, November 16, 2011

This EF1 tornado ran 6.5 miles across Burke County on November 16, 2011, touching down at 5:34 PM EST and reaching 100 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $200,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. EF065 to 85 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. EF186 to 110 mphthis tornado

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. EF2111 to 135 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. EF3136 to 165 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. EF4166 to 200 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. EF5over 200 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
EF1
Date
November 16, 2011
Touchdown
5:34 PM EST (22:34 UTC)
Lifted
5:40 PM EST (22:40 UTC)
On the ground
6 minutes
Path length
6.5 miles (10.5 km)
Path width
100 yards (91 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$200,000
County
Burke County
Touchdown point
33.143, -81.910
Lift-off point
33.177, -81.805
Record number
1111161634-01

What the Weather Service recorded

A couple of supercell thunderstorms moved throught he CSRA and produced a couple of tornadoes in Burke and Richmond counties.

NWS storm survey found a strong EF1 tornado touched down in the woods taking down numerous trees, damaging a couple of homes, a garage, a couple of outbuildings, and turned over an RV.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before the tornado touched down, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Columbia, SC wrote its last area forecast discussion before the tornado touched down at Nov 16, 1:59 PM EST, 3 hours 35 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Nov 16, 1:59 PM EST, 3 hours 35 minutes before
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Hazardous weather outlook, Nov 16, 4:32 PM EST, 1 hour 2 minutes before
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In the hours before

Local storm report, Nov 16, 5:22 PM EST, 12 minutes before
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The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Charleston AFB, SC (KCHS), 12:00Z

10.6 hours before the tornado, 176 km from the path. November 16, 2011.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Charleston AFB, SC at 12:00Z on 2011-11-16Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 347 joules per kilogram, CIN -68, lifted condensation level 485 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Charleston AFB, SC at 12:00Z on 2011-11-16The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 127 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 45 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
347 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-68 J/kg
Surface CAPE
23 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
485 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
45 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
30 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
127 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
137 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
1.4
0-3 km lapse rate
4.3 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Charleston AFB, SC (KCHS), 00:00Z

1.4 hours after it, 176 km from the path. November 17, 2011.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Charleston AFB, SC at 00:00Z on 2011-11-17Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 1172 joules per kilogram, CIN -58, lifted condensation level 683 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Charleston AFB, SC at 00:00Z on 2011-11-17The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 195 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 63 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1172 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-58 J/kg
Surface CAPE
540 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
683 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
63 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
31 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
195 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
199 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
1.4
Supercell composite
7.9
0-3 km lapse rate
4.9 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Augusta/Bush Field (AGS), 25 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
00:00 UTC

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

The radar

The Charleston,SC radar (KCLX), 95 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 22:26 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 2011 tornado in GeorgiaEvery tornado in Georgia since 1950Warnings in force in Georgia nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of November 16, 2011

20 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
November 162:40 AM CSTEF1Saint Helena Parish, LA0.5150$50,000
November 163:35 AM CSTEF0Terrebonne Parish, LA0.125$30,000
November 164:11 AM CSTEF1Marion, MS9.6440$300,000
November 165:03 AM CSTEF1Jones, MS2.250$60,000
November 165:12 AM CSTEF2Jones, MS12.930015$650,000
November 167:07 AM CSTEF2Sumter, AL1.56001$200,000
November 167:32 AM CSTEF0Marengo, AL2.8250$300,000
November 169:00 AM CSTEF0Clarke, AL0.350$5,000
November 1611:08 AM CSTEF1Montgomery, AL0.975$500,000
November 1611:52 AM CSTEF2Macon, AL to GA61.58804$9.5 million
November 164:25 PM ESTEF0Cleveland, NC0.350$5,000
November 164:53 PM ESTEF0Richmond, GA1.140$10,000
November 165:06 PM ESTEF0Union, SC0.150$1.0 million
November 165:30 PM ESTEF1Chester, SC1.4100$20,000
November 165:32 PM ESTEF2York, SC5.820035$1.0 million
November 165:53 PM ESTEF0Aiken, SC7.470$20,000
November 166:05 PM ESTEF2Davidson, NC12.5200215$21 million
November 166:55 PM ESTEF1Pittsylvania, VA2.6125$500,000
November 168:40 PM ESTEF1Ware, GA0.2200$8,000
November 1611:14 PM ESTEF0Hertford, NC1.750$10,000

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.