Tornadoes · United States · Florida · 2022
EF0 tornado, Ocean Ridge, Florida, September 28, 2022
This EF0 tornado ran 0.2 miles across Palm Beach County on September 28, 2022, touching down at 5:56 AM EDT and reaching 50 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $2,000 of property damage.
The rating scale
Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.
EF065 to 85 mphthis tornado
Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
EF186 to 110 mph
Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.
EF2111 to 135 mph
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.
EF3136 to 165 mph
Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.
EF4166 to 200 mph
Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.
EF5over 200 mph
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.
Unrated
The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.
The record
- Rating
- EF0
- Date
- September 28, 2022
- Touchdown
- 5:56 AM EDT (09:56 UTC)
- Path length
- 0.2 miles (0.3 km)
- Path width
- 50 yards (46 m)
- Deaths
- 0
- Injuries
- 0
- Property damage
- $2,000
- County
- Palm Beach County
- Touchdown point
- 26.528, -80.068
- Lift-off point
- 26.528, -80.068
- Record number
- 2209280356-01
The damage survey
120 damage points were recorded along this path by NWS MFL, in the Damage Assessment Toolkit the survey teams carry. The strongest indicator was rated EF2. The highest wind the damage implies is 130 mph.
- Snapped trees screened pool area damage
- Concrete shingle and roof damage
- Snapped tree and shingle damage
- Trees snapped and thrown into homes, cars rolled over. Stripped large branches.
Survey points are preliminary and are the raw material the published rating was built from. Source: NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit.
What the Weather Service recorded
A tropical depression formed in the central Caribbean Sea on September 23rd, then was upgraded to Tropical Storm Ian at 11 PM on September 23rd. Ian moved westward, then turned northwest on September 25th, passing just west of Jamaica and near the Cayman Islands. Ian became a hurricane on Monday, September 26th south of western Cuba, then moved north and made landfall in Pinar Del Rio Province, Cuba early on Tuesday, September 27th as a Category 3 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 125 mph. ||Ian moved into the SE Gulf of Mexico around midday on Tuesday, September 27th, then moved over Dry Tortugas as a Category 3 hurricane later that evening. Ian strengthened over the SE Gulf of Mexico as it approached Southwest Florida, becoming a Category 4 hurricane at 7 AM on Wednesday, September 28th with maximum sustained winds of 155 mph and a lowest central pressure of 936 mb. Ian moved N-NE and made landfall in Cayo Costa west of Fort Myers at 3:05 PM on Wednesday, September 28th with maximum sustained winds of 150 mph and minimum central pressure of 940 mb. ||Ian moved NE across the central Florida peninsula during the evening and night of Wednesday, September 28th, finally being downgraded to a tropical storm about 20 miles west of Melbourne at 5 AM Thursday, September 29th. Ian moved off the east coast of Florida just north of Cape Canaveral during the mid-morning hours of Thursday, September 29th. ||Ian produced a catastrophic storm surge across coastal sections of SW Florida on Wednesday, September 28th. Storm surge from surveys was estimated in the 8-11 ft range above MHHW along the Gulf beaches from Naples north to Barefoot Beach, and extending inland about 1 mile. Storm surge of 4-7 ft above MHHW was surveyed in the Naples Bay area and extending north to the Naples Airport area, as well as in North Naples near the Cocohatchee River. Farther south and east along the coast, storm surge values were estimated at 5-7 feet above MHHW in Marco Island and Goodland, and 4-6 ft MHHW in Everglades City and Chokoloskee.||Wind gusts as high as 110 mph were measured in the Naples area at heights well above the standard surface elevation of 33 feet. Sustained winds in the 70-75 mph range likely occurred in NW Collier County as well as far western sections of Hendry and Glades counties. Elsewhere across South Florida, peak winds were generally in the 45-70 mph range. ||A total of 13 reported tornadoes were spawned by Ian on Tuesday, September 27th and early on Wednesday, September 28th as it was approaching the SW Florida coast, the strongest being an EF-2 in the Delray Beach area of Palm Beach County. ||Storm total rainfall amounts from 8 AM on September 26th to 8 AM on September 29th ranged from 4 to 10 inches across southern Florida. The highest rainfall amounts occurred in the day or two leading up to the storm's landfall, with highest values over western metro Broward County in the 8-10 inch range, as well as in parts of the city of Miami.||All of the associated effects of Ian in southern Florida resulted in 10 fatalities, at least 2 injuries, $2.2 billion in property damage, and at least $500,000 in crop damage. The vast majority of the damage was likely caused by the significant to major storm surge in Collier County. Of the 10 deaths, 2 were directly caused by the storm surge in Collier County, and the remaining 8 were indirectly caused by the storm during evacuation, preparation, and clean-up activities. The 13 associated tornadoes resulted in 2 injuries an estimated $2.5 million in property damage.||Six people were injured at South Pointe Pier Park on Miami Beach on September 30th by large waves caused by swells from the back side of Ian.
Brief tornado occurred in Boynton Beach near I-95 and Boynton Beach Boulevard. Damage was minor and confined to trees and a fence. There was an unconfirmed report of damage to the city hall building in the town of Gulf Stream which may be from this parent storm.
From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.
The forecast that day
The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Slight Risk, with a 0.05 chance of a tornado within 25 miles. The outlook in force was issued at 05:44 UTC.
SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before the tornado touched down, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Miami, FL wrote its last area forecast discussion before the tornado touched down at Sep 28, 3:37 AM EDT, 2 hours 19 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Sep 28, 3:37 AM EDT, 2 hours 19 minutes before
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</html>Hazardous weather outlook, Sep 27, 5:22 PM EDT, 12 hours 34 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook National Weather Service Miami FL 522 PM EDT Tue Sep 27 2022 AMZ610-630-650-651-670-671-FLZ063-066>075-168-172>174-GMZ656-657-676- 282130- Lake Okeechobee-Biscayne Bay- Coastal waters from Jupiter Inlet to Deerfield Beach FL out 20 NM- Coastal waters from Deerfield Beach to Ocean Reef FL out 20 NM- Waters from Jupiter Inlet to Deerfield Beach FL from 20 to 60 NM- Waters from Deerfield Beach to Ocean Reef FL from 20 to 60 NM excluding the territorial waters of Bahamas-Glades-Hendry- Inland Palm Beach-Metro Palm Beach-Coastal Collier-Inland Collier- Inland Broward-Metro Broward-Inland Miami-Dade-Metro Miami-Dade- Mainland Monroe-Coastal Palm Beach-Coastal Broward-Coastal Miami- Dade-Far South Miami-Dade- Coastal waters from Chokoloskee to Bonita Beach FL out 20 NM- Coastal waters from East Cape Sable to Chokoloskee FL out 20 NM- Waters from Chokoloskee to Bonita Beach FL from 20 to 60 NM- 522 PM EDT Tue Sep 27 2022 ...Hurricane Ian Continues to Move Northward in the Gulf... This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for Atlantic, Biscayne Bay, South Florida, Gulf of Mexico and Lake Okeechobee. Please refer to the Hurricane Local statement and Hurricane Threat and Impacts graphics: www.weather.gov/srh/tropical?office=mfl#hti .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Weather spotters are encouraged to report high wind, hail, and flooding to the National Weather Service forecast office in Miami while following all local, state, and CDC guidelines.
In the hours before
Local storm report, Sep 27, 11:59 PM EDT, 5 hours 57 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MIAMI FL
1159 PM EDT TUE SEP 27 2022
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0914 PM TORNADO 3 WSW DELRAY BEACH 26.44N 80.13W
09/27/2022 PALM BEACH FL PUBLIC
VIDEO FROM THE PUBLIC SHOWS TORNADO ON THE
GROUND NEAR KINGS POINT, FL.
&&
ATVLocal storm report, Sep 28, 12:14 AM EDT, 5 hours 42 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MIAMI FL
1214 AM EDT WED SEP 28 2022
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0915 PM TORNADO 3 WSW DELRAY BEACH 26.44N 80.13W
09/27/2022 PALM BEACH FL BROADCAST MEDIA
MEMBER OF THE MEDIA REPORTED DAMAGE TO CARS
AND INFRASTRUCTURE IN KINGS POINT. DAMAGE
INCLUDES OVERTURNED AND TOPPLED CARS WITH
WINDOWS BLOWN OUT AND A LARGE TREE TRUNK
DRIVEN THROUGH AN APARTMENT BUILDING. REPORT
RELAYED VIA SOCIAL MEDIA.
&&
ATVLocal storm report, Sep 28, 2:07 AM EDT, 3 hours 49 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...SUMMARY
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MIAMI FL
207 AM EDT WED SEP 28 2022
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0736 PM TROPICAL STORM 5 SSE MIAMI BEACH 25.75N 80.10W
09/27/2022 AMZ651 FL MESONET
MESONET STATION XGVT GOVERNMENT CUT MEASURED
A GUST OF 58 MPH.
0742 PM TROPICAL STORM 3 N KEY BISCAYNE 25.73N 80.16W
09/27/2022 AMZ651 FL BUOY
BUOY STATION VAKF1 VIRGINIA KEY, FL MEASURED
A GUST OF 44 MPH.
0815 PM TROPICAL STORM 2 E DANIA BEACH 26.06N 80.11W
09/27/2022 AMZ651 FL MESONET
MESONET STATION XDAN DANIA PIER MEASURED A
GUST OF 55 MPH.
0815 PM TROPICAL STORM 3 NE DANIA BEACH 26.09N 80.11W
09/27/2022 AMZ651 FL MESONET
MESONET STATION XPEG PORT EVERGLADES
MEASURED A GUST OF 60 MPH.
0818 PM TROPICAL STORM 3 ENE DANIA BEACH 26.08N 80.10W
09/27/2022 AMZ651 FL MESONET
MESONET STATION PEGF1 2 NE DANIA BEACH
MEASURED A 63 MPH GUST.
0910 PM TROPICAL STORM 2 S LIGHTHOUSE POINT 26.26N 80.08W
09/27/2022 AMZ651 FL MESONET
MESONET STATION XHBI HILLSBORO INLET
MEASURED A GUST OF 45 MPH.
1010 PM TROPICAL STORM 2 SE AVENTURA 25.94N 80.12W
09/27/2022 AMZ651 FL MESONET
MESONET STATION 1843W FSWN SUNNY ISLES BEACH
MEASURED A GUST OF 44 MPH.
0738 PM TROPICAL STORM 3 SW KEY BISCAYNE 25.66N 80.19W
09/27/2022 AMZ630 FL MESONET
MESONET STATION XKBS BISCAYNE BAY LIGHT 20
MEASURED A GUST OF 51 MPH.
0745 PM TROPICAL STORM 3 SSW MIAMI BEACH 25.77N 80.15W
09/27/2022 AMZ630 FL MESONET
MESONET STATION XDGE BISCAYNE BAY HARBOR
PILOTS MEASURED A GUST OF 45 MPH.
0747 PM TROPICAL STORM 3 SSW MIAMI BEACH 25.77N 80.15W
09/27/2022 AMZ630 FL MESONET
MESONET STATION XBBH DODGE ISLAND MEASURED A
GUST OF 51 MPH.
1105 PM TROPICAL STORM 3 E LIBERTY CITY 25.82N 80.18W
09/27/2022 AMZ630 FL MESONET
MESONET STATION XMSP MORNINGSIDE PARK
MEASURED A GUST OF 47 MPH.
0930 PM TROPICAL STORM 2 E DELRAY BEACH 26.47N 80.06W
09/27/2022 AMZ650 FL MESONET
MESONET STATION 1847W FSWN DELRAY BEACH
NORTH MEASURED A GUST OF 44 MPH.
0950 PM TROPICAL STORM 2 SE DELRAY BEACH 26.44N 80.06W
09/27/2022 AMZ650 FL MESONET
MESONET STATION 1840W FSWN DELRAY BEACH
ATLANTIC DUNES MEASURED A GUST OF 43 MPH.
1029 PM TROPICAL STORM 2 WNW JUPITER 26.94N 80.12W
09/27/2022 AMZ650 FL MESONET
MESONET STATION FW8656 JUPITER MEASURED A
GUST OF 59 MPH.
1054 PM TROPICAL STORM 2 ESE LAKE WORTH 26.61N 80.03W
09/27/2022 AMZ650 FL BUOY
BUOY STATION LKWF1 LAKE WORTH PIER, FL
MEASURED A GUST OF 43 MPH.
1118 PM TROPICAL STORM 1 N JUNO BEACH 26.89N 80.06W
09/27/2022 AMZ650 FL MESONET
MESONET STATION XJUP JUNO BEACH PIER
MEASURED A GUST OF 46 MPH.
0933 PM TROPICAL STORM 1 NE BOCA RATON 26.37N 80.09W
09/27/2022 PALM BEACH FL MESONET
MESONET STATION XBOC BOCA RATON MEASURED A
GUST OF 42 MPH.
0750 PM TROPICAL STORM 1 SSW CORAL GABLES 25.72N 80.28W
09/27/2022 MIAMI-DADE FL MESONET
MESONET STATION 0081W 1.0 SW CORAL GABLES
MEASURED A GUST OF 46 MPH.
0750 PM TROPICAL STORM 2 NW MIAMI 25.79N 80.22W
09/27/2022 MIAMI-DADE FL MESONET
MESONET STATION 0235W 1.6 NW MIAMI MEASURED
A GUST OF 56 MPH.
0800 PM TROPICAL STORM 2 ENE SWEETWATER 25.77N 80.34W
09/27/2022 MIAMI-DADE FL PUBLIC
DOWN TREES. SHINGLES AND AWNINGS BLOWN DOWN
IN NEIGHBORHOOD AND ON THE STREET.
1000 PM TROPICAL STORM HOMESTEAD 25.47N 80.47W
09/27/2022 MIAMI-DADE FL MESONET
MESONET STATION 1807W FSWN MIAMI DADE
COLLEGE HOMESTEAD MEASURED A GUST OF 45 MPH.
1021 PM TROPICAL STORM 2 ENE MIAMI LAKES 25.92N 80.28W
09/27/2022 MIAMI-DADE FL ASOS
ASOS STATION KOPF MIAMI OPA LOCKA MEASURED A
GUST OF 40 MPH.
1208 AM TROPICAL STORM 6 SSE PRINCETON 25.43N 80.35W
09/28/2022 MIAMI-DADE FL MESONET
MESONET STATION XTKY TURKEY POINT MEASURED A
GUST OF 53 MPH.
1209 AM TROPICAL STORM 4 SSE PRINCETON 25.47N 80.37W
09/28/2022 MIAMI-DADE FL AWOS
AWOS STATION KHST HOMESTEAD AFB MEASURED A
GUST OF 44 MPH.
0138 AM TROPICAL STORM 1 NE PERRINE 25.63N 80.30W
09/28/2022 MIAMI-DADE FL MESONET
MESONET STATION XSOM SOUTH MIAMI MEASURED A
GUST OF 48 MPH.
1246 AM TROPICAL STORM 2 WNW EAST NAPLES 26.15N 81.77W
09/28/2022 COLLIER FL ASOS
ASOS STATION KAPF NAPLES MUNICIPAL MEASURED
A GUST OF 40 MPH.
0816 PM TROPICAL STORM 1 E DANIA BEACH 26.06N 80.13W
09/27/2022 BROWARD FL MESONET
MESONET STATION XPES PORT EVERGLADES SOUTH
MEASURED A GUST OF 43 MPH.
1014 PM TROPICAL STORM 1 NW DANIA BEACH 26.07N 80.15W
09/27/2022 BROWARD FL ASOS
ASOS STATION KFLL FORT LAUDERDALE/HOLLYWOOD
INTL AIRPORT MEASURED A GUST OF 41 MPH.
1037 PM TROPICAL STORM 4 W PEMBROKE PINES 26.02N 80.40W
09/27/2022 BROWARD FL MESONET
MESONET STATION FW1651 PEMBROKE PINES
MEASURED A GUST OF 43 MPH.
1106 PM TROPICAL STORM 3 SE FORT LAUDERDALE 26.10N 80.12W
09/27/2022 BROWARD FL MESONET
MESONET STATION AU497 FORT LAUDERDALE
MEASURED A GUST OF 42 MPH.
0100 AM TROPICAL STORM 3 ESE MIRAMAR 25.97N 80.31W
09/28/2022 BROWARD FL MESONET
MESONET STATION XFLM FLAMINGO MEASURED A
GUST OF 43 MPH.
&&Local storm report, Sep 28, 4:17 AM EDT, 1 hour 39 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MIAMI FL
417 AM EDT WED SEP 28 2022
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1240 AM TORNADO 13 SE HOLEY LAND WILDLI 26.28N 80.61W
09/28/2022 BROWARD FL UNKNOWN
RADAR TORNADIC DEBRIS SIGNATURE (TDS)
CONFIRMS TORNADO.
&&
DHThe air that afternoon
The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.
Miami, FL (KMFL), 00:00Z
9.9 hours before the tornado, 82 km from the path. September 28, 2022.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 1796 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -7 J/kg
- Surface CAPE
- 3413 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 714 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 42 kt
- 0-1 km bulk shear
- 33 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 230 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 260 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 2.3
- Supercell composite
- 17.4
- 0-3 km lapse rate
- 5.7 K/km
Miami, FL (KMFL), 12:00Z
2.1 hours after it, 82 km from the path. September 28, 2022.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 65 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -133 J/kg
- Surface CAPE
- 0 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 559 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 33 kt
- 0-1 km bulk shear
- 37 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 191 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 229 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 2.0
- 0-3 km lapse rate
- -2.4 K/km
The surface observations
Lantana (LNA), 7 km from the path, in the two hours either side.
| Time (UTC) | Temp (°F) | Dew point (°F) | Wind | Gust (kt) | Pressure (mb) | Weather |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 00:00 UTC |
From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.
The radar
The Miami radar (KAMX), 108 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 09:57 UTC.
Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track
Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.
This ground now
The live radar over the trackEvery 2022 tornado in FloridaEvery tornado in Florida since 1950Warnings in force in Florida nowThe forecast where you are
The other tornadoes of September 28, 2022
2 more were confirmed in the United States that day.
| Date | Time | Rating | Where | Path (mi) | Width (yd) | Deaths | Injuries | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 28 | 2:25 AM EDT | EF0 | Glades, FL | 1.1 | 75 | $50,000 | ||
| September 28 | 3:32 PM EDT | EF0 | Brevard, FL | 3.0 | 100 |
What this means
Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.
Sources
NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.