Tornadoes · United States · California · 2014
EF0 tornado, Merritt to Hebron, California, February 28, 2014
From Merritt to Hebron, this EF0 tornado ran 0.7 miles across Yolo County on February 28, 2014, touching down at 6:17 PM PST and reaching 50 yards wide. It killed nobody.
The rating scale
Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.
EF065 to 85 mphthis tornado
Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
EF186 to 110 mph
Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.
EF2111 to 135 mph
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.
EF3136 to 165 mph
Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.
EF4166 to 200 mph
Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.
EF5over 200 mph
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.
Unrated
The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.
The record
- Rating
- EF0
- Date
- February 28, 2014
- Touchdown
- 6:17 PM PST (02:17 UTC)
- Lifted
- 6:22 PM PST (02:22 UTC)
- On the ground
- 5 minutes
- Path length
- 0.7 miles (1.2 km)
- Path width
- 50 yards (46 m)
- Deaths
- 0
- Injuries
- 0
- County
- Yolo County
- Touchdown point
- 38.630, -121.706
- Lift-off point
- 38.639, -121.698
- Record number
- 1402282017-01
What the Weather Service recorded
The first storm moved through Wednesday afternoon into Thursday morning, bringing several inches of snow to higher elevations, mainly above 6000ft. The second storm Friday brought several additional inches of snow, mainly above 5000ft. Thunderstorms developed on Friday afternoon after the cold air moved through. One thunderstorm produced an EF0 tornado just southeast of Woodland.
A member of the public witnessed and video recorded a tornado over Conaway Ranch just southeast of Woodland (Yolo County) at approximately 6:17 to 6:22pm Friday evening, February 28th. He reported observing the tornado touch down near County Roads 103 and 25, and traveled north-northeast for about 100 yards. It then lifted back to a funnel cloud for about 400-500 yards before touching back down in a flooded rice field. It traveled for another 100 yards near the levee before lifting. No visible damage observed, and the tornado was rated an EF0.
From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before the tornado touched down, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Sacramento, CA wrote its last area forecast discussion before the tornado touched down at Feb 28, 4:04 PM PST, 2 hours 13 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Feb 28, 4:04 PM PST, 2 hours 13 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SACRAMENTO CA 404 PM PST Fri Feb 28 2014 .Synopsis... Widespread showers and isolated to scattered thunderstorms across the area through this evening. Precipitation will taper off overnight tonight. Isolated to scattered showers may linger into Saturday. Unsettled weather continues Sunday into next week with periods of precipitation...especially over the Interstate 80 corridor and north. && .Discussion... Low pressure system gradually moving southeast offshore of California and disturbances moving around the low are rotating through Northern California. This is bringing waves of precipitation through the area today. Thunderstorms are possible into this evening possibly bringing heavy rain, strong winds, hail and localized flooding. Moderate to heavy precipitation has led to local flooding with ponding of water on roadways and in low lying areas and rises in small streams. An urban and small stream flood advisory is valid through 715 pm. The instability should decrease after sunset decreasing the threat of thunderstorms. Precipitation should taper off overnight. Snow levels are around 4500 to 5500 feet but may be locally lower with heavier showers. A winter weather advisory continues until 10 pm for the Sierra with additional snow accumulation to around 6 inches this afternoon and evening. Motorists should be prepared for winter driving conditions and check CalTrans for chain controls and road updates. Precipitation amounts will vary due to the convective nature of the storms, so locally higher amounts are possible. Scattered showers may linger during the day tomorrow but will taper off by evening as the low weakens and moves onshore into Southern California. This will bring a break in precipitation for most places...especially the valley Saturday afternoon and night. Temperatures are in the mid 50s in the valley this afternoon and 30s to 40s in the mountains...which is about 3 to 8 degrees below normal for this time of year. Temperatures will generally warm up a few degrees on Saturday and Sunday bringing max temperatures closer to normal for this time of year. Temperatures are generally expected to be near to a little above normal for this time of year next week. A couple disturbances may move through fairly zonal flow over the area Sunday and Monday bringing a chance of showers...especially around the Interstate 80 corridor and North. Another low pressure system may dip down into the area Wednesday night into Thursday bringing a better chance of precipitation across the entire area. Weak ridge builds in behind this low for a dry day on Friday. && .Aviation... Cold frontal system currently moving through northern California. Expect periods of showers, occasionally heavy, through this evening then becoming more isolated Saturday. Isolated TSRA possible generally south of KOVE this evening. VFR to IFR conditions should be expected in SHRA across the Valley through Saturday, with widespread IFR/LIFR conditions over the mountains. Across the Valley, south winds around 5-15 kt through early evening. Over the mountains, SW wind gusts up to 45 kts through today. Lighter south winds overnight and Saturday. Dang && .STO Watches/Warnings/Advisories... Winter weather advisory until 10 pm pst this evening above 6000 feet in the west slope northern sierra nevada...western plumas county/lassen park. Urban and Small Stream Flood Advisory until 715 pm &&
In the hours before
Local storm report, Feb 28, 5:15 PM PST, 1 hour 2 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SACRAMENTO CA
515 PM PST FRI FEB 28 2014
...TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
...DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0500 PM HEAVY RAIN 1 ESE LINCOLN 38.90N 121.31W
02/28/2014 M1.52 INCH PLACER CA TRAINED SPOTTER
HEAVY RAIN DURATION 24 HOURS OBSERVER
LOCATION LINCOLN
&&
NWS SACRAMENTO CA
IRIS SYSTEMThe air that afternoon
The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.
Oakland, CA (KOAK), 00:00Z
2.3 hours before the tornado, 110 km from the path. March 1, 2014.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 23 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -5 J/kg
- Surface CAPE
- 539 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 879 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 10 kt
- 0-1 km bulk shear
- 6 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 37 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 70 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
- 0-3 km lapse rate
- 6.6 K/km
The surface observations
Sacramento Metro (SMF), 12 km from the path, in the two hours either side.
| Time (UTC) | Temp (°F) | Dew point (°F) | Wind | Gust (kt) | Pressure (mb) | Weather |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 00:00 UTC |
From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.
The radar
The Sacramento radar (KDAX), 15 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 02:15 UTC.
Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track
Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.
This ground now
The live radar over the trackEvery 2014 tornado in CaliforniaEvery tornado in California since 1950Warnings in force in California nowThe forecast where you are
What this means
Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.
Sources
NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.