Tornadoes · United States · California · 2014

EF0 tornado, Merritt to Hebron, California, February 28, 2014

From Merritt to Hebron, this EF0 tornado ran 0.7 miles across Yolo County on February 28, 2014, touching down at 6:17 PM PST and reaching 50 yards wide. It killed nobody.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. EF065 to 85 mphthis tornado

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. EF186 to 110 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. EF2111 to 135 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. EF3136 to 165 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. EF4166 to 200 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. EF5over 200 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
EF0
Date
February 28, 2014
Touchdown
6:17 PM PST (02:17 UTC)
Lifted
6:22 PM PST (02:22 UTC)
On the ground
5 minutes
Path length
0.7 miles (1.2 km)
Path width
50 yards (46 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
County
Yolo County
Touchdown point
38.630, -121.706
Lift-off point
38.639, -121.698
Record number
1402282017-01

What the Weather Service recorded

The first storm moved through Wednesday afternoon into Thursday morning, bringing several inches of snow to higher elevations, mainly above 6000ft. The second storm Friday brought several additional inches of snow, mainly above 5000ft. Thunderstorms developed on Friday afternoon after the cold air moved through. One thunderstorm produced an EF0 tornado just southeast of Woodland.

A member of the public witnessed and video recorded a tornado over Conaway Ranch just southeast of Woodland (Yolo County) at approximately 6:17 to 6:22pm Friday evening, February 28th. He reported observing the tornado touch down near County Roads 103 and 25, and traveled north-northeast for about 100 yards. It then lifted back to a funnel cloud for about 400-500 yards before touching back down in a flooded rice field. It traveled for another 100 yards near the levee before lifting. No visible damage observed, and the tornado was rated an EF0.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before the tornado touched down, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Sacramento, CA wrote its last area forecast discussion before the tornado touched down at Feb 28, 4:04 PM PST, 2 hours 13 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Feb 28, 4:04 PM PST, 2 hours 13 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SACRAMENTO CA
404 PM PST Fri Feb 28 2014

.Synopsis...
Widespread showers and isolated to scattered thunderstorms
across the area through this evening. Precipitation will taper
off overnight tonight. Isolated to scattered showers may linger
into Saturday. Unsettled weather continues Sunday into next week
with periods of precipitation...especially over the Interstate 80
corridor and north.

&&

.Discussion...
Low pressure system gradually moving southeast offshore of
California and disturbances moving around the low are rotating
through Northern California. This is bringing waves of
precipitation through the area today. Thunderstorms are possible
into this evening possibly bringing heavy rain, strong winds,
hail and localized flooding. Moderate to heavy precipitation has
led to local flooding with ponding of water on roadways and in low
lying areas and rises in small streams. An urban and small stream
flood advisory is valid through 715 pm. The instability should
decrease after sunset decreasing the threat of thunderstorms.
Precipitation should taper off overnight. Snow levels are around
4500 to 5500 feet but may be locally lower with heavier showers.
A winter weather advisory continues until 10 pm for the Sierra
with additional snow accumulation to around 6 inches this
afternoon and evening. Motorists should be prepared for winter
driving conditions and check CalTrans for chain controls and road
updates. Precipitation amounts will vary due to the convective
nature of the storms, so locally higher amounts are possible.
Scattered showers may linger during the day tomorrow but will
taper off by evening as the low weakens and moves onshore into
Southern California. This will bring a break in precipitation for most
places...especially the valley Saturday afternoon and night.

Temperatures are in the mid 50s in the valley this afternoon and
30s to 40s in the mountains...which is about 3 to 8 degrees below
normal for this time of year. Temperatures will generally warm up
a few degrees on Saturday and Sunday bringing max temperatures closer
to normal for this time of year. Temperatures are generally
expected to be near to a little above normal for this time of year
next week.

A couple disturbances may move through fairly zonal flow over the
area Sunday and Monday bringing a chance of showers...especially
around the Interstate 80 corridor and North. Another low pressure
system may dip down into the area Wednesday night into Thursday
bringing a better chance of precipitation across the entire area.
Weak ridge builds in behind this low for a dry day on Friday.

&&

.Aviation...

Cold frontal system currently moving through northern California.
Expect periods of showers, occasionally heavy, through this
evening then becoming more isolated Saturday. Isolated TSRA
possible generally south of KOVE this evening. VFR to IFR
conditions should be expected in SHRA across the Valley through
Saturday, with widespread IFR/LIFR conditions over the mountains.

Across the Valley, south winds around 5-15 kt through early
evening. Over the mountains, SW wind gusts up to 45 kts through
today. Lighter south winds overnight and Saturday.

Dang

&&

.STO Watches/Warnings/Advisories...
Winter weather advisory until 10 pm pst this evening above 6000
feet in the west slope northern sierra nevada...western plumas
county/lassen park.

Urban and Small Stream Flood Advisory until 715 pm

&&

In the hours before

Local storm report, Feb 28, 5:15 PM PST, 1 hour 2 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SACRAMENTO CA
515 PM PST FRI FEB 28 2014

...TIME...  ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
...DATE...  ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0500 PM     HEAVY RAIN       1 ESE LINCOLN           38.90N 121.31W
02/28/2014  M1.52 INCH       PLACER             CA   TRAINED SPOTTER

            HEAVY RAIN DURATION 24 HOURS OBSERVER
            LOCATION LINCOLN

&&

NWS SACRAMENTO CA
IRIS SYSTEM

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Oakland, CA (KOAK), 00:00Z

2.3 hours before the tornado, 110 km from the path. March 1, 2014.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Oakland, CA at 00:00Z on 2014-03-01Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 23 joules per kilogram, CIN -5, lifted condensation level 879 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Oakland, CA at 00:00Z on 2014-03-01The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 37 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 10 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
23 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-5 J/kg
Surface CAPE
539 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
879 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
10 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
6 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
37 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
70 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
6.6 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Sacramento Metro (SMF), 12 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
00:00 UTC

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

The radar

The Sacramento radar (KDAX), 15 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 02:15 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 2014 tornado in CaliforniaEvery tornado in California since 1950Warnings in force in California nowThe forecast where you are

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.