Tornadoes · United States · Arkansas · 2017

EF1 tornado, Bergman to South Lead Hill, Arkansas, April 4, 2017

From Bergman to South Lead Hill, this EF1 tornado ran 5.0 miles across Boone County on April 4, 2017, touching down at 9:34 PM CDT and reaching 200 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $80,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. EF065 to 85 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. EF186 to 110 mphthis tornado

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. EF2111 to 135 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. EF3136 to 165 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. EF4166 to 200 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. EF5over 200 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
EF1
Date
April 4, 2017
Touchdown
9:34 PM CDT (02:34 UTC)
Lifted
9:39 PM CDT (02:39 UTC)
On the ground
5 minutes
Path length
5.0 miles (8.0 km)
Path width
200 yards (183 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$80,000
County
Boone County
Touchdown point
36.360, -93.027
Lift-off point
36.380, -92.940
Record number
1704042034-01

What the Weather Service recorded

On 4/2/17 severe thunderstorms were noted in south Arkansas. Another system affected north Arkansas on 4/4-5/17 with severe thunderstorms.

Boone County Emergency Management performed an aerial damage survey near the communities of Bergman and Lead Hill in Boone County. A path of damage 3.4 miles in length was found beginning 2.8 miles north-northeast of Bergman, ending 1.7 miles southwest of South Lead Hill. Much of the damage path was characterized by uprooted trees and snapped large tree limbs which converged on the center of the damage path. Damage to several homes was noted along the damage path. The worst of the damage removed part of the roof of a single family residence and destroyed a few outbuildings and several fences.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before the tornado touched down, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Little Rock, AR wrote its last area forecast discussion before the tornado touched down at Apr 4, 8:31 PM CDT, 1 hour 3 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Apr 4, 8:31 PM CDT, 1 hour 3 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion...Update
National Weather Service Little Rock AR
830 PM CDT Tue Apr 2017

.Discussion...

Area of convection will gradually move east into the CWA this
evening and an isolated severe storm will be possible, with mainly
large hail and damaging winds the main threats. These storms were
associated with an upper low pressure storm system moving through
the region. Later tonight, the surface system and cold front will
move across AR and push the storms to eastern AR, then on Monday out
of AR. Some lighter convection may still be possible mainly over
northern AR before the entire system moves out of the region. Models
are consistent that winds will be elevated on Wednesday from the
west and be 10 to 20 mph with gusts around 30 mph over much of the
state, and a lake wind advisory will be issued for most of AR from
mid-morning to the evening. Late evening update will fine tune
convection chances, timing and include the lake wind advisory. (59)

&&

.Prev Discussion.../ Issued 620 PM CDT Tue Apr 4 2017/
.Aviation...

VFR flight conditions will start the forecast. An upper and surface
low pressure systems, as well as a cold front, with move across AR
tonight to Wednesday morning, and bring VFR ceilings with patchy
MVFR ceilings with showers and thunderstorms. The main area affected
will be northern AR. An isolated strong to severe storm may be seen.
Winds ahead of the system will be southeast at 5 to 15 mph with some
gusts to around 20 mph. Winds will become south to southwest later
tonight, then west to northwest behind the cold front. Winds will
remain elevated behind the front and be 10 to 25 mph with some gusts
around 30 to 35 mph on Wednesday. Most of the convection will push
east of AR during the day Wednesday. A low level jet will be present
this evening and early into the overnight, and some wind shear may
be seen at all Tafs. (59)

&&

.Prev Discussion.../ Issued 254 PM CDT Tue Apr 4 2017/

.SHORT TERM...Tonight Through Thursday
19z subjective surface analysis indicates developing low pressure
between Lawton and Oklahoma City, with a warm front extending
northeastward to southwest Missouri. Strong pressure falls were
noted near and to the north of the warm front. Satellite imagery
indicates short amplitude yet potent short wave energy moving
northeast into southwest Oklahoma.

Convection is expected to develop quickly late this afternoon,
focused on the warm frontal boundary. Forecast storm motion vectors
indicate a northeast movement with storms that develop this
afternoon. Much of this activity should affect areas to the
northwest of the LZK forecast area. As the evening progresses,
convection should obtain a more eastward movement, while overall
intensity decreases with increasing stability.

Gusty westerly surface winds are expected during the afternoon on
Wednesday, in the wake of a cold front moving eastward through the
mid south. Afternoon temperatures on Wednesday will average 15-20
degrees lower than those of this afternoon.

&&

.LONG TERM...Thursday Night Through Tuesday
A deep upper low pressure system will be over New England to begin
the long term period with an upper ridge over the Rockies. The upper
low will slowly move through the northeast U.S. through Friday. The
upper ridge moves into the Plains for Friday and Saturday...then to
the eastern U.S. for Sunday. Another upper low moves into the
northern Plains Sunday but should move into the Great Lakes for
Monday and Tuesday. Southwest flow will return to Arkansas for
Sunday night through Tuesday.

Models are in good agreement with a dry period Thursday night
through Sunday with high pressure generally in control. The high
moves east of Arkansas Sunday and moisture will return. A cold front
moves into the Plains Monday and we will see rain chances increase
over Arkansas on Sunday night and Monday then decrease on Tuesday.
The cold front moves through Arkansas on Tuesday. After a cool
Friday, temperatures will return to above normal values.

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
Batesville AR     57  60  44  62 /  40  20  10   0
Camden AR         57  64  45  70 /  20  10   0   0
Harrison AR       51  53  40  58 /  70  40  10   0
Hot Springs AR    56  60  45  67 /  40  20   0   0
Little Rock   AR  59  61  46  66 /  30  20  10   0
Monticello AR     61  65  47  67 /  20  10   0   0
Mount Ida AR      53  58  43  66 /  50  20   0   0
Mountain Home AR  53  57  41  61 /  60  40  10   0
Newport AR        58  62  45  62 /  30  20  10  10
Pine Bluff AR     59  63  46  67 /  20  10   0   0
Russellville AR   54  57  43  65 /  60  20   0   0
Searcy AR         57  61  43  64 /  30  20  10   0
Stuttgart AR      61  63  45  65 /  30  10  10  10
&&

.LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories...NONE.
&&

Short Term...55 / Long Term...51
Hazardous weather outlook, Apr 4, 7:30 PM CDT, 2 hours 4 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook...Update
National Weather Service Little Rock AR
730 PM CDT Tue Apr 4 2017

ARZ003>007-012>016-021>025-030>034-037>047-052>057-062>069-051000-
Boone-Marion-Baxter-Fulton-Sharp-Newton-Searcy-Stone-Izard-
Independence-Johnson-Pope-Van Buren-Cleburne-Jackson-Logan-Conway-
Faulkner-White-Woodruff-Scott-Yell-Perry-Polk-Montgomery-Garland-
Saline-Pulaski-Lonoke-Prairie-Monroe-Pike-Clark-Hot Spring-Grant-
Jefferson-Arkansas-Dallas-Cleveland-Lincoln-Desha-Ouachita-Calhoun-
Bradley-Drew-
730 PM CDT Tue Apr 4 2017

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for a Large Part of Arkansas.

.DAY ONE...Tonight

Showers and thunderstorms are forecast to move into western Arkansas
this evening, and move across the state tonight. The storms are
ahead of a storm system to the west of Arkansas. This activity will
affect much of northern and parts of central Arkansas, while less
over southern areas. A few strong or severe storms will be possible,
primarily this evening, over northwest Arkansas. Large hail and
damaging winds are the main threats. The storms are expected to
gradually weaken as the move across the state overnight.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Wednesday through Monday

Windy conditions are expected during the late morning to evening on
Wednesday. Cooler air will move into the region Wednesday and
Thursday. Patchy frost will be possible in sheltered valley areas of
northern and western Arkansas early Friday morning.

.Spotter Information Statement...

Limited spotter activation may be required across northwest sections
during the evening hours.

&&

Visit NWS Little Rock on the web. Go to http://weather.gov/lzk.

55/44/57/59

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Apr 4, 8:56 PM CDT, 38 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Little Rock AR
856 PM CDT TUE APR 4 2017

ARZ003-012-050245-
Newton AR-Boone AR-
856 PM CDT TUE APR 4 2017

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR NORTHWESTERN NEWTON AND BOONE
COUNTIES UNTIL 945 PM CDT...

At 856 PM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking strong thunderstorms along
a line extending from near Berryville to Rudd to near Kingston to
Pettigrew. Movement was northeast at 45 mph.

Wind gusts up to 50 mph will be possible with these storms.

Locations impacted include...
Harrison...                       Bergman...
Omaha...                          Myrtle...
Roberson Hollow...                Self...
Erbie...                          Upper Buffalo Wilderness Area...
Red Bank...                       Lost Valley State Park...
Capps...                          Alpena...
Crumpler Subdivision...           Batavia...
Bear Creek Springs...             New Hope in Boone County...
Marble Falls...                   Ridgeway...
Gaither...                        Burlington...

LAT...LON 3649 9299 3629 9301 3590 9327 3583 9352
      3588 9352 3589 9350 3594 9349 3597 9345
      3608 9344 3608 9348 3612 9348 3612 9330
      3650 9329
TIME...MOT...LOC 0156Z 234DEG 38KT 3637 9352 3622 9348 3602 9354 3581
9367

64

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Springfield, MO (KSGF), 00:00Z

2.6 hours before the tornado, 94 km from the path. April 5, 2017.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Springfield, MO at 00:00Z on 2017-04-05Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 326 joules per kilogram, CIN -51, lifted condensation level 1384 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Springfield, MO at 00:00Z on 2017-04-05The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 312 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 58 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
326 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-51 J/kg
Surface CAPE
793 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1384 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
58 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
25 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
312 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
743 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
1.0
Supercell composite
12.5
0-3 km lapse rate
6.8 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Harrison/Boone Co. (HRO), 20 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
00:00 UTC

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

The radar

The Springfield radar (KSGF), 103 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 02:34 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 2017 tornado in ArkansasEvery tornado in Arkansas since 1950Warnings in force in Arkansas nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of April 4, 2017

2 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
April 46:48 PM CDTEF2McDonald, MO16.5300$1.1 million
April 47:56 PM CDTEF1Barry, MO1.5200$15,000

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.