Tornadoes · United States · Alabama · 2024

EF0 tornado, Lum to Tyson, Alabama, December 29, 2024

From Lum to Tyson, this EF0 tornado ran 5.7 miles across Lowndes County on December 29, 2024, touching down at 12:15 AM CST and reaching 450 yards wide. It killed nobody and injured 2.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. EF065 to 85 mphthis tornado

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. EF186 to 110 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. EF2111 to 135 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. EF3136 to 165 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. EF4166 to 200 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. EF5over 200 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
EF0
Date
December 29, 2024
Touchdown
12:15 AM CST (06:15 UTC)
Lifted
12:24 AM CST (06:24 UTC)
On the ground
9 minutes
Path length
5.7 miles (9.2 km)
Path width
450 yards (411 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
2
County
Lowndes County
Touchdown point
32.007, -86.662
Lift-off point
32.050, -86.589
Record number
2412290015-01

The damage survey

15 damage points were recorded along this path by NWS BMX, in the Damage Assessment Toolkit the survey teams carry. The strongest indicator was rated EF0. The highest wind the damage implies is 85 mph.

  • Tree damage from satellite.
  • Several cedar limbs alongside road.
  • Large area of tree damage apparent from satellite imagery.
  • Large area of tree damage from visible satellite.

Survey points are preliminary and are the raw material the published rating was built from. Source: NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit.

What the Weather Service recorded

A quasi-linear convective system (QLCS) entered western Alabama from Mississippi just after 9 PM on December 28. With ample wind shear and adequate instability with the line as it passed through Central Alabama, 18 confirmed tornadoes were spawned within different line segments as the QLCS pushed eastward. Of the 18 tornadoes, 6 were rated EF1, including one that had a mile-wide path in Hale County near Sawyerville and two tornadoes that struck areas of central Montgomery County. An EF0 in Lowndes County resulted in two injuries. In addition, strong gusts associated with the QLCS resulted in scattered areas of non-tornadic wind damage.

A tornado began along Knight Place Rd and moved northeastward. Numerous trees were downed along or just west of the road, mainly limbs broken or uprooted trunks. A few small trees were snapped as well, along with downed power lines. A few structures sustained damage, including minor roof damage to a double-wide manufactured home, a single-wide manufactured home that was rolled over onto its roof, and a large open air shed that lost roof panels. Two people were injured in the overturned single-wide. The tree damage continued across County Road 45 into a large inaccessible area. Radar and satellite data were conclusive in showing that the tornado continued for a few more miles to the northeast, with significant tree damage on satellite imagery. Radar data and satellite show an east-southeast bend in the path before the tornado dissipated just west of Salem Church Rd. The ground survey resumed along Salem Church Rd and noted no discernible area of tornado damage. However, there was a large area of wind damage southeast of Salem Church Rd apparent from satellite, and tree debris from the residual tornado debris signature was noted along the road. After satellite analysis, roughly 4 miles was added to the existing track. Maximum winds were estimated at 85 mph.

A tornado began along County Road 26, with several cedar limbs down along the road. Numerous trees were uprooted across Hargrove Lane, and several more trees were downed near Rolling Acres Road. North of George Drive, a few trees were downed around a residence, solar panels were blown off the house, and siding was removed from an outbuilding. The tornado crossed into Montgomery County, where a small barn had much of the roof removed just east of Mason Road. A wooden playground set was flipped over against a tree just east of this location. Maximum winds were estimated at 75 mph.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a General Thunderstorms Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 05:59 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before the tornado touched down, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Birmingham, AL wrote its last area forecast discussion before the tornado touched down at Dec 28, 11:49 PM CST, 26 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Dec 28, 11:49 PM CST, 26 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Birmingham AL
1149 PM CST Sat Dec 28 2024

...New AVIATION...

.SHORT TERM...
(Tonight through Monday)
Issued at 724 PM CST SAT DEC 28 2024

Key Message:

- Severe weather is likely (2-4/5 level risks) across the entire
  area, with the greatest threat generally west of I-65, from 9 PM
  through 8 AM Sunday at the the latest. Threats include
  tornadoes, with strong tornadoes possible in the west, damaging
  winds up to 70 mph, and large hail up to ping pong ball size.

No real big changes to the short term needed. The good news is
that the activity this afternoon never really got that strong as
it was encountering the wedge that is place and was able to keep
the environment overall stable. The line is really beginning to
intensify in central MS as of 7 PM and should slide into the
western portions of the area by 9 to 930 PM. The line itself is
now beginning to catch the discreet cells that were developing
ahead of the line. While we still need to be wary of these
individual cells, the big issue will be merging of cells into the
line, thus creating extra spin in the storms. This line is really
beginning to bow out and will likely turn into a strong wind event
with a few tornadoes along the bow itself. With this set up
expect widespread power outages and trees down outside of any
tornado threat.

Rain showers will end by sunrise in areas west of I-65, and by
midday, any lingering showers will have cleared all of Central
Alabama. Sunday afternoon will be dry with a breezy westerly wind.

In addition to the severe threat tonight, areas north and west of
the I-85 corridor are likely to receive up to 2-3 inches of
rainfall, which will improve lingering drought conditions but also
lead to minor flooding concerns through Sunday morning. Rainfall
amounts in the southeastern counties will be a tad lower, roughly
1-2".

16

&&

.LONG TERM...
(Sunday night through next Friday)
Issued at 248 PM CST SAT DEC 28 2024

No concerns of any significant impact weather expected for the
long term as we turn the pages from 2024 to 2025.

Drier but still above normal conditions will get us into New
Year's Eve day, when a quick shortwave brushes across northern AL.
Low end pops are expected for the northeastern counties, but not
expecting any appreciable rainfall out of that quick system.
Temperatures return more towards normal behind this system, with
highs in the 50s and lows in the 25-35 degree range. Decent
agreement with the models through next weekend, with upper flow
becoming shifting to northwesterly as some ridging builds to the
west in a very progressive pattern.

02

&&

.AVIATION...
(06Z TAFS)
Issued at 1150 PM CST SAT DEC 28 2024

Line of showers and storms are currently moving through the
central sections of the area TCL may still see a strike or two,
with storms at BHM and EET for the next 2 hours. ANB will see
activity from 7 to 10z. MGM from 6 to 10z as well. Rain continues
through the rest of the overnight with clearing skies late
afternoon.

16

&&

.FIRE WEATHER...

Wet and stormy conditions are expected through Sunday morning,
with ample rainfall expected across most of Central Alabama. Rainfall
totals of 1 and 3 inches, perhaps locally higher for most
locations, but slightly lower totals along the Georgia state line.
Drying but mild conditions are expected behind this system, but
will cool down more towards normal after a weak system brushes
across northern Alabama on Tuesday. Southerly breezes will
increase ahead of the front as it approaches tonight, then shift
to the west on Sunday.

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
Gadsden     57  64  44  65 / 100  60   0   0
Anniston    59  65  46  66 / 100  70   0   0
Birmingham  57  64  46  66 / 100  40   0   0
Tuscaloosa  57  66  46  66 / 100  20   0   0
Calera      58  65  47  66 / 100  30   0   0
Auburn      62  69  46  65 / 100  60   0   0
Montgomery  62  69  46  69 / 100  40   0   0
Troy        63  71  45  70 / 100  50   0   0

&&

.BMX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
None.
&&

SHORT TERM...16
LONG TERM....02
AVIATION...16
Hazardous weather outlook, Dec 28, 12:21 PM CST, 11 hours 54 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Birmingham AL
1221 PM CST Sat Dec 28 2024

ALZ011>015-017>050-292130-
Marion-Lamar-Fayette-Winston-Walker-Blount-Etowah-Calhoun-Cherokee-
Cleburne-Pickens-Tuscaloosa-Jefferson-Shelby-St. Clair-Talladega-
Clay-Randolph-Sumter-Greene-Hale-Perry-Bibb-Chilton-Coosa-Tallapoosa-
Chambers-Marengo-Dallas-Autauga-Lowndes-Elmore-Montgomery-Macon-
Bullock-Lee-Russell-Pike-Barbour-
1221 PM CST Sat Dec 28 2024

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for the counties served by the
National Weather Service office in Birmingham.

.DAY ONE...Outlook through Tonight.

Strong to severe storms capable of producing tornadoes, with a
strong tornado possible, damaging wind gusts up to 70 mph, and
ping pong ball size hail will be likely across Central Alabama
this evening through the overnight hours.

There is a slight risk of excessive rainfall across all of Central
Alabama this afternoon through the overnight hours.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday.

Strong to severe storms capable of producing tornadoes, damaging
wind gusts up to 60 mph, and hail will be likely across southeastern
Central Alabama during the early morning hours on Sunday, ending by
8 AM.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Activation of storm spotters and emergency management may be needed
Saturday afternoon through early Sunday morning.

In the hours before

Local storm report, Dec 28, 11:48 PM CST, 27 minutes before
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Local storm report, Dec 28, 11:51 PM CST, 24 minutes before
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Local storm report, Dec 29, 12:03 AM CST, 12 minutes before
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Local storm report, Dec 29, 12:08 AM CST, 7 minutes before
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Local storm report, Dec 29, 12:10 AM CST, 5 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Birmingham AL
1210 AM CST Sun Dec 29 2024

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1142 PM     Tstm Wnd Dmg     1 S Joe Tucker Park     33.27N 86.84W
12/28/2024                   Shelby             AL   911 Call Center

            Power lines down on hickory point ln in
            helena.

&&
Local storm report, Dec 29, 12:13 AM CST, 2 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Birmingham AL
1213 AM CST Sun Dec 29 2024

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1143 PM     Tstm Wnd Dmg     2 NNE Kimberly          33.79N 86.80W
12/28/2024                   Jefferson          AL   Broadcast Media

            Tree down on warrior-kimberly rd.

&&

The surface observations

Greenville (PRN), 20 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
00:00 UTC

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

The radar

The Maxwell AFB radar (KMXX), 97 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 06:16 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 2024 tornado in AlabamaEvery tornado in Alabama since 1950Warnings in force in Alabama nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of December 29, 2024

30 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
December 2912:11 AM CSTEF1Shelby, AL1.5175
December 2912:25 AM CSTEF0St. Clair, AL2.3150
December 2912:30 AM CSTEF1St. Clair, AL1.5325
December 2912:39 AM CSTEF0Lowndes, AL0.9100
December 2912:40 AM CSTEF0Montgomery, AL0.3100
December 2912:43 AM CSTEF1Montgomery, AL3.9250
December 2912:47 AM CSTEF1Baldwin, AL2.450
December 2912:53 AM CSTEF1Montgomery, AL10.0500
December 291:11 AM CSTEF0Montgomery, AL2.5100
December 291:18 AM CSTEF0Macon, AL2.6175
December 291:18 AM CSTEF0Macon, AL5.5200
December 291:30 AM CSTEF0Macon, AL2.8100
December 291:31 AM CSTEF0Macon, AL0.850
December 293:54 AM ESTEF1Meriwether, GA24.6200$6.0 million
December 294:15 AM ESTEF1Douglas, GA0.31001$30,000
December 294:22 AM ESTEF0Meriwether, GA3.2100$100,000
December 294:38 AM ESTEF0Fayette, GA1.6100$10,000
December 294:40 AM ESTEF1Cobb, GA0.31002$50,000
December 294:46 AM ESTEF0DeKalb, GA0.5100$200,000
December 297:55 AM ESTEF0Spartanburg, SC1.730
December 298:13 AM ESTEF0Polk, NC1.075
December 298:14 AM ESTEF0Union, SC2.230
December 298:27 AM ESTEF0Union, SC7.050
December 298:28 AM ESTEF0Union, SC2.225
December 298:35 AM ESTEF0Fairfield, SC11.2150
December 298:52 AM ESTEF0Fairfield, SC3.3200
December 298:56 AM ESTEF1Fairfield, SC4.7250
December 299:09 AM ESTEF0York, SC3.050
December 299:21 AM ESTEF0Mecklenburg, NC1.720
December 293:08 PM ESTEF0Union, OH0.350$15,000

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.