Tornadoes · United States · Alabama · 2024
EF0 tornado, Lum to Tyson, Alabama, December 29, 2024
From Lum to Tyson, this EF0 tornado ran 5.7 miles across Lowndes County on December 29, 2024, touching down at 12:15 AM CST and reaching 450 yards wide. It killed nobody and injured 2.
The rating scale
Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.
EF065 to 85 mphthis tornado
Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
EF186 to 110 mph
Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.
EF2111 to 135 mph
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.
EF3136 to 165 mph
Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.
EF4166 to 200 mph
Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.
EF5over 200 mph
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.
Unrated
The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.
The record
- Rating
- EF0
- Date
- December 29, 2024
- Touchdown
- 12:15 AM CST (06:15 UTC)
- Lifted
- 12:24 AM CST (06:24 UTC)
- On the ground
- 9 minutes
- Path length
- 5.7 miles (9.2 km)
- Path width
- 450 yards (411 m)
- Deaths
- 0
- Injuries
- 2
- County
- Lowndes County
- Touchdown point
- 32.007, -86.662
- Lift-off point
- 32.050, -86.589
- Record number
- 2412290015-01
The damage survey
15 damage points were recorded along this path by NWS BMX, in the Damage Assessment Toolkit the survey teams carry. The strongest indicator was rated EF0. The highest wind the damage implies is 85 mph.
- Tree damage from satellite.
- Several cedar limbs alongside road.
- Large area of tree damage apparent from satellite imagery.
- Large area of tree damage from visible satellite.
Survey points are preliminary and are the raw material the published rating was built from. Source: NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit.
What the Weather Service recorded
A quasi-linear convective system (QLCS) entered western Alabama from Mississippi just after 9 PM on December 28. With ample wind shear and adequate instability with the line as it passed through Central Alabama, 18 confirmed tornadoes were spawned within different line segments as the QLCS pushed eastward. Of the 18 tornadoes, 6 were rated EF1, including one that had a mile-wide path in Hale County near Sawyerville and two tornadoes that struck areas of central Montgomery County. An EF0 in Lowndes County resulted in two injuries. In addition, strong gusts associated with the QLCS resulted in scattered areas of non-tornadic wind damage.
A tornado began along Knight Place Rd and moved northeastward. Numerous trees were downed along or just west of the road, mainly limbs broken or uprooted trunks. A few small trees were snapped as well, along with downed power lines. A few structures sustained damage, including minor roof damage to a double-wide manufactured home, a single-wide manufactured home that was rolled over onto its roof, and a large open air shed that lost roof panels. Two people were injured in the overturned single-wide. The tree damage continued across County Road 45 into a large inaccessible area. Radar and satellite data were conclusive in showing that the tornado continued for a few more miles to the northeast, with significant tree damage on satellite imagery. Radar data and satellite show an east-southeast bend in the path before the tornado dissipated just west of Salem Church Rd. The ground survey resumed along Salem Church Rd and noted no discernible area of tornado damage. However, there was a large area of wind damage southeast of Salem Church Rd apparent from satellite, and tree debris from the residual tornado debris signature was noted along the road. After satellite analysis, roughly 4 miles was added to the existing track. Maximum winds were estimated at 85 mph.
A tornado began along County Road 26, with several cedar limbs down along the road. Numerous trees were uprooted across Hargrove Lane, and several more trees were downed near Rolling Acres Road. North of George Drive, a few trees were downed around a residence, solar panels were blown off the house, and siding was removed from an outbuilding. The tornado crossed into Montgomery County, where a small barn had much of the roof removed just east of Mason Road. A wooden playground set was flipped over against a tree just east of this location. Maximum winds were estimated at 75 mph.
From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.
The forecast that day
The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a General Thunderstorms Risk. The outlook in force was issued at 05:59 UTC.
SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before the tornado touched down, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Birmingham, AL wrote its last area forecast discussion before the tornado touched down at Dec 28, 11:49 PM CST, 26 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Dec 28, 11:49 PM CST, 26 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Birmingham AL 1149 PM CST Sat Dec 28 2024 ...New AVIATION... .SHORT TERM... (Tonight through Monday) Issued at 724 PM CST SAT DEC 28 2024 Key Message: - Severe weather is likely (2-4/5 level risks) across the entire area, with the greatest threat generally west of I-65, from 9 PM through 8 AM Sunday at the the latest. Threats include tornadoes, with strong tornadoes possible in the west, damaging winds up to 70 mph, and large hail up to ping pong ball size. No real big changes to the short term needed. The good news is that the activity this afternoon never really got that strong as it was encountering the wedge that is place and was able to keep the environment overall stable. The line is really beginning to intensify in central MS as of 7 PM and should slide into the western portions of the area by 9 to 930 PM. The line itself is now beginning to catch the discreet cells that were developing ahead of the line. While we still need to be wary of these individual cells, the big issue will be merging of cells into the line, thus creating extra spin in the storms. This line is really beginning to bow out and will likely turn into a strong wind event with a few tornadoes along the bow itself. With this set up expect widespread power outages and trees down outside of any tornado threat. Rain showers will end by sunrise in areas west of I-65, and by midday, any lingering showers will have cleared all of Central Alabama. Sunday afternoon will be dry with a breezy westerly wind. In addition to the severe threat tonight, areas north and west of the I-85 corridor are likely to receive up to 2-3 inches of rainfall, which will improve lingering drought conditions but also lead to minor flooding concerns through Sunday morning. Rainfall amounts in the southeastern counties will be a tad lower, roughly 1-2". 16 && .LONG TERM... (Sunday night through next Friday) Issued at 248 PM CST SAT DEC 28 2024 No concerns of any significant impact weather expected for the long term as we turn the pages from 2024 to 2025. Drier but still above normal conditions will get us into New Year's Eve day, when a quick shortwave brushes across northern AL. Low end pops are expected for the northeastern counties, but not expecting any appreciable rainfall out of that quick system. Temperatures return more towards normal behind this system, with highs in the 50s and lows in the 25-35 degree range. Decent agreement with the models through next weekend, with upper flow becoming shifting to northwesterly as some ridging builds to the west in a very progressive pattern. 02 && .AVIATION... (06Z TAFS) Issued at 1150 PM CST SAT DEC 28 2024 Line of showers and storms are currently moving through the central sections of the area TCL may still see a strike or two, with storms at BHM and EET for the next 2 hours. ANB will see activity from 7 to 10z. MGM from 6 to 10z as well. Rain continues through the rest of the overnight with clearing skies late afternoon. 16 && .FIRE WEATHER... Wet and stormy conditions are expected through Sunday morning, with ample rainfall expected across most of Central Alabama. Rainfall totals of 1 and 3 inches, perhaps locally higher for most locations, but slightly lower totals along the Georgia state line. Drying but mild conditions are expected behind this system, but will cool down more towards normal after a weak system brushes across northern Alabama on Tuesday. Southerly breezes will increase ahead of the front as it approaches tonight, then shift to the west on Sunday. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Gadsden 57 64 44 65 / 100 60 0 0 Anniston 59 65 46 66 / 100 70 0 0 Birmingham 57 64 46 66 / 100 40 0 0 Tuscaloosa 57 66 46 66 / 100 20 0 0 Calera 58 65 47 66 / 100 30 0 0 Auburn 62 69 46 65 / 100 60 0 0 Montgomery 62 69 46 69 / 100 40 0 0 Troy 63 71 45 70 / 100 50 0 0 && .BMX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... None. && SHORT TERM...16 LONG TERM....02 AVIATION...16
Hazardous weather outlook, Dec 28, 12:21 PM CST, 11 hours 54 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook National Weather Service Birmingham AL 1221 PM CST Sat Dec 28 2024 ALZ011>015-017>050-292130- Marion-Lamar-Fayette-Winston-Walker-Blount-Etowah-Calhoun-Cherokee- Cleburne-Pickens-Tuscaloosa-Jefferson-Shelby-St. Clair-Talladega- Clay-Randolph-Sumter-Greene-Hale-Perry-Bibb-Chilton-Coosa-Tallapoosa- Chambers-Marengo-Dallas-Autauga-Lowndes-Elmore-Montgomery-Macon- Bullock-Lee-Russell-Pike-Barbour- 1221 PM CST Sat Dec 28 2024 This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for the counties served by the National Weather Service office in Birmingham. .DAY ONE...Outlook through Tonight. Strong to severe storms capable of producing tornadoes, with a strong tornado possible, damaging wind gusts up to 70 mph, and ping pong ball size hail will be likely across Central Alabama this evening through the overnight hours. There is a slight risk of excessive rainfall across all of Central Alabama this afternoon through the overnight hours. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday. Strong to severe storms capable of producing tornadoes, damaging wind gusts up to 60 mph, and hail will be likely across southeastern Central Alabama during the early morning hours on Sunday, ending by 8 AM. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Activation of storm spotters and emergency management may be needed Saturday afternoon through early Sunday morning.
In the hours before
Local storm report, Dec 28, 11:48 PM CST, 27 minutes before
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</html>Local storm report, Dec 29, 12:10 AM CST, 5 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Birmingham AL
1210 AM CST Sun Dec 29 2024
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1142 PM Tstm Wnd Dmg 1 S Joe Tucker Park 33.27N 86.84W
12/28/2024 Shelby AL 911 Call Center
Power lines down on hickory point ln in
helena.
&&Local storm report, Dec 29, 12:13 AM CST, 2 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Birmingham AL
1213 AM CST Sun Dec 29 2024
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1143 PM Tstm Wnd Dmg 2 NNE Kimberly 33.79N 86.80W
12/28/2024 Jefferson AL Broadcast Media
Tree down on warrior-kimberly rd.
&&The surface observations
Greenville (PRN), 20 km from the path, in the two hours either side.
| Time (UTC) | Temp (°F) | Dew point (°F) | Wind | Gust (kt) | Pressure (mb) | Weather |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 00:00 UTC |
From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.
The radar
The Maxwell AFB radar (KMXX), 97 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 06:16 UTC.
Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track
Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.
This ground now
The live radar over the trackEvery 2024 tornado in AlabamaEvery tornado in Alabama since 1950Warnings in force in Alabama nowThe forecast where you are
The other tornadoes of December 29, 2024
30 more were confirmed in the United States that day.
| Date | Time | Rating | Where | Path (mi) | Width (yd) | Deaths | Injuries | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 29 | 12:11 AM CST | EF1 | Shelby, AL | 1.5 | 175 | |||
| December 29 | 12:25 AM CST | EF0 | St. Clair, AL | 2.3 | 150 | |||
| December 29 | 12:30 AM CST | EF1 | St. Clair, AL | 1.5 | 325 | |||
| December 29 | 12:39 AM CST | EF0 | Lowndes, AL | 0.9 | 100 | |||
| December 29 | 12:40 AM CST | EF0 | Montgomery, AL | 0.3 | 100 | |||
| December 29 | 12:43 AM CST | EF1 | Montgomery, AL | 3.9 | 250 | |||
| December 29 | 12:47 AM CST | EF1 | Baldwin, AL | 2.4 | 50 | |||
| December 29 | 12:53 AM CST | EF1 | Montgomery, AL | 10.0 | 500 | |||
| December 29 | 1:11 AM CST | EF0 | Montgomery, AL | 2.5 | 100 | |||
| December 29 | 1:18 AM CST | EF0 | Macon, AL | 2.6 | 175 | |||
| December 29 | 1:18 AM CST | EF0 | Macon, AL | 5.5 | 200 | |||
| December 29 | 1:30 AM CST | EF0 | Macon, AL | 2.8 | 100 | |||
| December 29 | 1:31 AM CST | EF0 | Macon, AL | 0.8 | 50 | |||
| December 29 | 3:54 AM EST | EF1 | Meriwether, GA | 24.6 | 200 | $6.0 million | ||
| December 29 | 4:15 AM EST | EF1 | Douglas, GA | 0.3 | 100 | 1 | $30,000 | |
| December 29 | 4:22 AM EST | EF0 | Meriwether, GA | 3.2 | 100 | $100,000 | ||
| December 29 | 4:38 AM EST | EF0 | Fayette, GA | 1.6 | 100 | $10,000 | ||
| December 29 | 4:40 AM EST | EF1 | Cobb, GA | 0.3 | 100 | 2 | $50,000 | |
| December 29 | 4:46 AM EST | EF0 | DeKalb, GA | 0.5 | 100 | $200,000 | ||
| December 29 | 7:55 AM EST | EF0 | Spartanburg, SC | 1.7 | 30 | |||
| December 29 | 8:13 AM EST | EF0 | Polk, NC | 1.0 | 75 | |||
| December 29 | 8:14 AM EST | EF0 | Union, SC | 2.2 | 30 | |||
| December 29 | 8:27 AM EST | EF0 | Union, SC | 7.0 | 50 | |||
| December 29 | 8:28 AM EST | EF0 | Union, SC | 2.2 | 25 | |||
| December 29 | 8:35 AM EST | EF0 | Fairfield, SC | 11.2 | 150 | |||
| December 29 | 8:52 AM EST | EF0 | Fairfield, SC | 3.3 | 200 | |||
| December 29 | 8:56 AM EST | EF1 | Fairfield, SC | 4.7 | 250 | |||
| December 29 | 9:09 AM EST | EF0 | York, SC | 3.0 | 50 | |||
| December 29 | 9:21 AM EST | EF0 | Mecklenburg, NC | 1.7 | 20 | |||
| December 29 | 3:08 PM EST | EF0 | Union, OH | 0.3 | 50 | $15,000 |
What this means
Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.
Sources
NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.