Billion-dollar disasters

Ohio and Pennsylvania Tornado Outbreak

May 31, 1985 · Severe Storm · $1.8 billion in 2024 dollars

One of the severe storm disasters on NOAA’s billion-dollar list: $1.8 billion in losses at 2024 prices ($600 million at the time) and 89 deaths.

What the offices filed during it

The 26 most significant severe storm episodes filed in these dates, colored by kind.

  • Tornadoes
  • Tropical storms and surge
  • Floods
  • Wind
  • Hail
  • Winter weather
  • Heat and drought
  • Cold
  • Fire, smoke and dust
  • Marine and coastal
  • Other

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The toll

Losses, 2024 dollars
$1.8 billion
Losses at the time
$600 million
Deaths
89

The losses and deaths are NCEI’s, counting everything the disaster did. The episodes below are only what the Weather Service filed in its Storm Events record, which counts damage differently and often not at all, so the two never add up and are shown apart.

By state, as filed

StateEventsDeathsInjuriesDamage filed
Ohio4311340$838 million
Pennsylvania8067526$378 million
Iowa20225$25 million
New York29010$5.3 million
Wisconsin1002$3.8 million
Minnesota1001$2.5 million
Missouri2405$750,000
North Dakota600$25,000
Montana200$3,000
South Dakota700$250
Oklahoma2500
Texas1200
Michigan1000
Mississippi704
Kansas500
Virginia400
Indiana200
New Jersey200
Kentucky100
New Mexico100
Tennessee100
West Virginia100

Episode by episode

More

Every billion-dollar disasterEvery storm of 1985Tornadoes in 1985

Sources

NOAA NCEI, U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters (2025), https://doi.org/10.25921/stkw-7w73, and the Storm Events Database for the episodes.