A strong cold front moving across the region generated moderate lake effect snow showers which affected Alger and Luce counties on the 1st.
Every event with a place to put it; 2 filed by county or forecast zone are drawn at its center, in a lighter ring. Tap one for its entry below.
Deaths and injuries are direct and indirect together, as the offices filed them. Damage is property and crops in the dollars of the year, not adjusted for inflation, and only where an office estimated it.
The episode as NWS MQT wrote it up.
A strong cold front moving across the region generated moderate lake effect snow showers which affected Alger and Luce counties on the 1st.
The local office's own words before the first event, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Marquette, MI wrote its last area forecast discussion before the first event at Mar 31, 8:14 PM EST, 3 hours 46 minutes earlier.
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MARQUETTE MI 914 PM EDT SUN MAR 31 2013 .SHORT TERM...(THIS EVENING THROUGH MONDAY) ISSUED AT 451 PM EDT SUN MAR 31 2013 WATER VAPOR IMAGERY AND RUC ANALYSIS SHOW A TROF DEEPENING INTO THE GREAT LAKES REGION. VIGOROUS SHORTWAVE WAS PASSING OVER LAKE SUPERIOR. PER SATELLITE IMAGERY AND CANADIAN RADAR IMAGERY...AN ASSOCIATED IMPRESSIVE LOOKING SMALL SWATH OF MDT TO HVY SNOW HAS PASSED JUST N OF THE FCST AREA ACROSS FAR NRN LAKE SUPERIOR/ADJACENT ONTARIO TODAY...ALONG/JUST N OF SHORTWAVE TRACK. AN INCREASINGLY WELL-DEFINED SFC LOW PRES IS ORGANIZING OVER EASTERN LAKE ATTM PER VIS SATELLITE IMAGERY. TO THE S...-SHSN TODAY HAVE DEFINITELY TAKEN ON A SPRINGTIME DIURNAL LAND BASED LOOK WITH UNORGANIZED SCT/NMRS COVERAGE. WELL-MIXED LAYER HAS PREVENTED SOME OF THE PCPN FROM REACHING THE GROUND. UPSTREAM 12Z KINL SOUNDING SHOWED A DEEP MOISTURE PROFILE TO 650MB (AROUND 11KFT)... AND MODIFYING SOUNDING FOR A SFC T/TD IN THE LWR 30S/LWR 20S YIELDED SBCAPE AROUND 100J/KG...AND THUS THE DIURNAL COMPONENT TO THE -SHSN THIS AFTN. MAIN FCST ISSUES TONIGHT/MON ARE POTENTIAL LES ACCUMULATIONS AS WELL AS WINDS. FIRST UP...WINDS. EXPECT STRONGEST WINDS TO OCCUR FROM NOW THRU THE ABOUT MID EVENING AS AREA OF 4MB/3HR PRES RISES CURRENTLY JUST NW OF LAKE SUPERIOR SETTLES SE. THE DEEPENING INCREASINGLY WELL-DEFINED SFC LOW OVER ERN LAKE SUPERIOR IS A CONCERN AS IT WILL SERVE TO STRENGTHEN ISALLOBARIC WINDS. SOME OF THE HIGHER RES MODEL GUIDANCE SEEMS TO BE PICKING UP ON THIS AS A SMALL 5-6MB/3HR PRES RISE MAX DEVELOPS OVER CNTRL/ERN LAKE SUPERIOR WITHIN THE LARGER SCALE PRES RISES. THE IMPACT OF THE DEEPENING LOW HAS ALREADY MADE AN IMPACT AS WINDS HAVE GUSTED TO 50MPH AT KP59. THIS SHOULD BE A GOOD INDICATION OF WHAT IS TO COME IN THE NEXT FEW HRS TO THE E OF MARQUETTE. WIND ADVY HAS BEEN ISSUED FOR KEWEENAW COUNTY INTO MID EVENING TO ACCOUNT FOR STRONG WINDS OVER THE NEXT FEW HRS. AS FOR SNOW...NNW CYCLONIC FLOW SHOULD ALLOW SOME OF THE DEEPER MOISTURE IN NRN ONTARIO PER 12Z CWPL SOUNDING WHICH SHOWED DEEP MOISTURE TO 425MB (20500FT) TO SLIP INTO THE UPPER LAKES. WITH 850MB TEMPS FALLING TO -18C BY 12Z MON...A 3KFT THICK DGZ LAYER FALLS NICELY INTO THE CONVECTIVE LAYER WHERE NAM INDICATES RATHER VIGOROUS UPWARD MOTION TONIGHT. WITH EQUILIBRIUM LEVELS LIKELY ABOVE 10KFT... LES SHOULD GET GOING AT A PRETTY GOOD CLIP...BUT THE LES WILL LIKELY TAKE SOME TIME TO GET FULLY DEVELOPED AND ORGANIZED AS THE TYPICAL DISRUPTIVE EFFECTS OF SPRING DAYTIME HEATING ON LES WILL NEED TO BE ERODED AWAY FIRST. ALTHOUGH IT'S NOT ESPECIALLY COLD YET...NOTE THAT THE LAKE IS HAVING MORE OF A STABILIZING INFLUENCE WITH LESS CLOUD OVER THE WATER THAN LAND...EXCEPT RIGHT IN THE VCNTY OF THE SFC LOW. THE OVERNIGHT PERIOD THRU MON MORNING SHOULD BE THE PRIME PERIOD OF LES...AND THE GOING ADVY LOOKS ON TRACK FOR THE ERN COUNTIES ALONG LAKE SUPERIOR. WILL PROBABLY SEE SOME ACCUMULATIONS UP TO 6-7 INCHES BY MON AFTN. CONSIDERABLE BLSN WILL ALSO BE AN ISSUE...ESPECIALLY IN OPEN AREAS NEAR LAKE SUPERIOR. THE W WILL BE MORE ON THE FRINGE OF THE DEEPER MOISTURE PLUS FCST SOUNDINGS SHOW MORE OF A WELL MIXED BOUNDARY LAYER LINGERING THRU THE NIGHT WHICH ARGUES FOR LIGHTER LES THAN OVER THE E. ACCUMULATIONS TONIGHT THRU EARLY MON AFTN SHOULD BE IN THE 1-4 INCH RANGE OVER THE W... INCLUDING INTO THE HIGHER TERRAIN OF NW MARQUETTE COUNTY. CONDITIONS REMAIN FAVORABLE FOR LES MON AS 850MB TEMPS ONLY RISE A DEGREE OR TWO IN THE AFTN. MOISTURE PROFILE REMAINS DEEP OVER THE E...BUT DOES BECOME MORE SHALLOW OVER THE W. SO LES WILL DIMINISH OVER THE W. EVEN OVER THE E...EXPECT LES TO BEGIN TO DIMINISH IN THE AFTN AS STRONG DAYTIME HEATING DISRUPTS LES PROCESSES. .LONG TERM...(MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY) ISSUED AT 451 PM EDT SUN MAR 31 2013 LAKE EFFECT WILL BE ONGOING AT THE START OF THE LONGER TERM PERIOD ON MONDAY NIGHT. INVERSIONS 6-8KFT AND DELTA T/S AROUND 18C WITH LAKE EQL NEARING 10KFT INDICATE NW FLOW AREAS EAST OF MARQUETTE WILL CONTINUE TO SEE LIGHT AND MAYBE MODERATE SNOW ACCUMS AND CONTINUING BLOWING SNOW. HEAVIER SNOW LIKELY OCCURS OVERNIGHT MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH EARLY TUESDAY MORNING WHEN DIURNAL DISRUPTION IS MINIMAL AND WHEN LOW-LEVEL CONVERGENCE IS STRONGEST. POSSIBLE THAT MORE ADVISORIES MAY BE NEEDED MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY MORNING IN AREAS THAT ARE CURRENTLY IN A HEADLINE. SFC-H85 FLOW BECOMES INCREASINGLY ANTICYCLONIC TUESDAY WHICH OFFSETS SUFFICIENT OVER-WATER INSTABILITY AS H85 TEMPS STAY AOB -15C THROUGH 18Z TUESDAY. GFS SOUNDINGS SHOW INVERSION FALLING BLO 5KFT OVR WEST AFT 12Z AND TO AROUND 5KFT FOR AREAS OVR EASTERN CWA. NO ADDITIONAL DEEPER MOISTURE AND CYCLONIC FLOW AT A MINIMUM SHOULD COMBINE WITH HIGHER EARLY APRIL SUN ANGLE/BLYR HEATING TO CONSIDERABLY DISRUPT LAKE EFFECT BY TUESDAY AFTN. GFS/GEM-NH SLIGHTLY LOWER WITH HEIGHTS AND COLDER AT H85 FARTHER WEST TUESDAY NIGHT INTO EARLY WEDNESDAY MORNING. RESULT IS AT LEAST ISOLD LK EFFECT CONTINUING OVER FAR EASTERN CWA. ECMWF MORE PROGRESSIVE WITH HEIGHTS AND KEEPS COLDER AIR ON THE MOVE LEADING TO LESS OF CHANCE OF LK EFFECT INTO WEDNESDAY. SOME HINT OF ANOTHER WEAKER TROUGH UPSTREAM THAT WILL HAVE TO DROP ACROSS THE UPPER LAKES AS LARGER TROUGH MOVES TO EAST. WILL HEDGE FORECAST TOWARD GFS/GEM-NH IDEA. SHORTWAVE RIDGING SLIDES ACROSS AREA FOR WEDNESDAY. LINGERING LK EFFECT CLOUDS/FLURRIES IN THE MORNING EAST...BUT THIS SHOULD BREAK UP IN AFTN WITH ARRIVAL OF SFC-H925 RIDGE. MAY SEE INCREASING HIGH CLOUDS OVER WEST BY LATE AFTN. OTHERWISE...A WARMER DAY SHAPING UP WITH LIGHT WINDS/LAKE BREEZES. MIXING TO H9-H85 SUPPORTS MAX TEMPS AS WARM AS LOWER 40S IN THE WEST AND STILL ABOVE THE FREEZING MARK ELSEWHERE. HIGH CLOUDS SPILLING IN LATE ON WEDNESDAY ARE IN ADVANCE OF SHORTWAVE TROUGH TRACKING ACROSS NORTHERN MANITOBA AND NORTHERN ONTARIO. MODELS STILL AT ODDS HOW QUICKLY THIS SYSTEM MOVES THROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT AND THURSDAY. 00Z GFS WAS SLOWER BUT 06Z LOOKS MORE LIKE ECMWF. GEM-NH WRAPPED UP AND SLOWER. HEIGHT FALLS AND H7-H5 Q-VECTOR CONVERGENCE FOCUS MOST PRECIPITATION WELL TO NORTH OF LK SUPERIOR. SFC-H85 FRONT/1000-850MB MOISTURE CONVERGENCE SWINGING ACROSS LK SUPERIOR AND UPR MICHIGAN...ALONG WITH RIBBON OF HIGHER H85-H7 MOISTURE...H85 MOISTURE/TEMPERATURE ADVECTION AND STEEPER H7-H5 LAPSE RATES AOA 6.5C/KM NOSING IN FROM WEST ADD UP TO BRIEF PERIOD OF SCATTERED PRECIPITATION AS FRONT WORKS THROUGH. IF TIMING IS LIKE ECMWF...THEN BETTER CHANCES WILL BE IN THE NORTH. IF TIMING ENDS UP SLOWER...THEN MORE AREAS SEE CHANCES AS HEATING OF THE DAY COMBINES WITH THE FORCING. EVEN WITH SLOWER IDEA...MOST PRECIP SHOULD BE OUT OF AREA BY MID AFTN. PTYPE ALSO DEPENDS ON TIMING AS A LATER ARRIVAL WOULD BRING RAIN POTENTIAL INTO MIX. FOR NOW...LOOKS LIKE MOSTLY SNOW AS SOUNDINGS INDICATE WET BULB FALLS BLO ZERO EXCEPT FOR FAR LOWEST REACHES OF BLYR. ONCE FRONT MOVES THROUGH QUIET WEATHER EXPECTED THROUGH FRIDAY AS HIGH PRESSURE DRIFTS ACROSS. GFS A FEW DEGREES COLDER AT H85 ON FRIDAY COMPARED TO ECMWF AND THUS HAS MORE IN WAY OF LAKE EFFECT CLOUDS. SYSTEM FOR NEXT WEEKEND STILL SHOWING UP...BUT THERE REMAIN SOME BIG QUESTIONS. UPPER LAKES REMAINS ON SOUTHERN EDGE OF STRONGER JET STREAM RIDING ALONG SOUTHERN TIER OF CANADA...WHICH WILL HELP ENHANCE PRECIPITATION ALONG SFC-H85 BAROCLINIC ZONE. WHERE THAT ZONE IS LOCATED IS UNCERTAIN. AS MID-LEVEL FLOW BECOMES MORE WESTERLY... SHORTWAVE TROUGH AND SFC-H85 LOWS MOVE FROM ROCKIES ACROSS THE NORTHERN PLAINS INTO WESTERN GREAT LAKES. OPERATIONAL MODELS FROM LAST NIGHT AND NAEFS ENSEMBLES INDICATED SLOWER ARRIVAL TO PRECIPITATION NOT IMPACTING MUCH OF UPR MICHIGAN UNTIL SATURDAY NIGHT. OF COURSE THE 12Z MODELS HAVE TRENDED QUICKER AGAIN. ECMWF IS A LOT QUICKER...BRINGING QPF OVER MOST OF UPR MICHIGAN BY 12Z SATURDAY...AND BASED ON 1000-500MB THICKNESS/H85 TEMPS IS SHOWING BETTER SHOT AT MIXED PRECIPITATION. KIND OF SEEMS LIKE ECMWF IS SHOWING TWO SEPARATE WAVES OF QPF AND THAT IS WHY IT APPEARS MUCH FASTER WITH QPF ARRIVAL. POOR RUN-TO-RUN CONSISTENCY CONTINUES WITH THE SYSTEM. UNTIL CONSISTENCY IMPROVES WILL KEEP WITH CONSENSUS OF MODELS FOR THIS SYSTEM FOR POPS. ENOUGH OF A SIGNAL FROM MODELS OVER LAST COUPLE DAYS TO GO WITH RAIN AND SNOW FOR PTYPE. && .AVIATION...(FOR THE 00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z MONDAY EVENING) ISSUED AT 846 PM EDT SUN MAR 31 2013 WITH NOCTURNAL COOLING AND THE ARRIVAL OF SOME DEEPER MOISTURE...EXPECT MVFR CONDITIONS WITH -SHSN TONIGHT AT ALL 3 SITES AS THE GUSTY NW WINDS CONTINUE TO DRAW COLDER AIR INTO THE UPPER LAKES. MAY SEE SOME VERY BRIEF PERIODS OF IFR VIS AT KIWD AND KCMX. LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS AND MVFR CONDITIONS SHOULD PERSIST AT KIWD AND KCMX AS UNSTABLE CONDITIONS REMAIN IN PLACE. WINDS BACKING A BIT MORE TO THE WNW...SHOULD REDUCE CHCS FOR LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS AT KSAW ON MONDAY. && .MARINE...(FOR THE 4 PM LAKE SUPERIOR FORECAST ISSUANCE) ISSUED AT 451 PM EDT SUN MAR 31 2013 STRONG NORTH TO NORTHWEST GALES TO 45 KTS INTO EARLY THIS EVENING AS COLD FRONT CROSSES LK SUPERIOR. STRONGEST WINDS OCCUR THROUGH LATE EVENING IN CORRIDOR FROM CNTRL LK SUPERIOR BUOY TO STANNARD ROCK AND ACROSS REST OF EASTERN LK SUPERIOR. GALES CONTINUE THROUGH MONDAY AND MONDAY NIGHT OVER SAME AREAS...BUT NOT QUITE AS STRONG. WINDS DIMINISH TO LESS THAN 25 KTS BY WEDNESDAY MORNING AS BRIEF RIDGING MOVES ACROSS. STRONGER SOUTHWEST WINDS TO 30 KTS THEN EXPECTED WEDNESDAY NIGHT AND THURSDAY MORNING AS LOW PRESSURE CROSSES NORTHERN ONTARIO AND DRAGS COLD FRONT ACROSS LK SUPERIOR. NORTHWEST WINDS TO 25 KTS DEVELOP BEHIND THE FRONT INTO NEXT WEEKEND. THE STRONG WINDS WILL DRAW MUCH COLDER AIR INTO THE UPPER LAKES EARLY THIS WEEK RESULTING IN FREEZING SPRAY THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT. && .MQT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... UPPER MICHIGAN... WIND ADVISORY UNTIL 9 PM EDT THIS EVENING FOR MIZ001. WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL 2 PM EDT MONDAY FOR MIZ006-007-085. LAKE SUPERIOR... GALE WARNING UNTIL 6 AM EDT TUESDAY FOR LSZ250-251-266-267. GALE WARNING UNTIL 6 PM EDT MONDAY FOR LSZ244-245-264-265. GALE WARNING UNTIL 5 PM EDT MONDAY FOR LSZ249. LAKE MICHIGAN... NONE. && SHORT TERM...ROLFSON LONG TERM...JLA AVIATION...VOSS MARINE...JLA
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MARQUETTE MI 426 PM EDT SUN MAR 31 2013 MIZ001>007-009>014-084-085-011200- KEWEENAW-ONTONAGON-NORTHERN HOUGHTON-BARAGA-MARQUETTE-ALGER-LUCE- GOGEBIC-IRON-DICKINSON-MENOMINEE-DELTA-SOUTHERN SCHOOLCRAFT- SOUTHERN HOUGHTON-NORTHERN SCHOOLCRAFT- 426 PM EDT SUN MAR 31 2013 /326 PM CDT SUN MAR 31 2013/ THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF WESTERN UPPER MICHIGAN AND CENTRAL UPPER MICHIGAN. .DAY ONE...TONIGHT EXPECT NORTHWEST TO NORTH WIND GUSTS UP TO 50 MPH NEAR LAKE SUPERIOR THROUGH THIS EVENING OVER THE KEWEENAW PENINSULA...AND ALSO EAST OF MARQUETTE. SEE THE LATEST WIND ADVISORY STATEMENT FOR MORE DETAILS. LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS WILL INCREASE TONIGHT IN THE SNOW BELTS FAVORED BY NORTHWEST WINDS. THE HEAVIEST SNOW SHOWERS ARE MOST LIKELY EAST OF MARQUETTE...WHERE THE COMBINATION OF THE FALLING AND BLOWING SNOW WILL CREATE DANGEROUS TRAVEL CONDITIONS AT TIMES. SEE THE LATEST WINTER WEATHER STATEMENTS FOR COMPLETE DETAILS. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS WILL CONTINUE OVER THE NORTHWEST WIND SNOW BELTS MONDAY INTO TUESDAY WITH LIGHT TO MODERATE ACCUMULATIONS EXPECTED...ESPECIALLY EAST OF MARQUETTE. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... WEATHER SPOTTERS ARE ENCOURAGED TO SUBMIT SNOW REPORTS TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN MARQUETTE. THE PUBLIC MAY ALSO SUBMIT SNOW REPORTS AT OUR WEB PAGE...FACEBOOK PAGE OR ON TWITTER. LSZ162-240>251-263>267-011200- LAKE SUPERIOR WEST OF A LINE FROM SAXON HARBOR WI TO GRAND PORTAGE MN BEYOND 5NM-SAXON HARBOR WI TO BLACK RIVER MI- BLACK RIVER TO ONTONAGON MI- ONTONAGON TO UPPER ENTRANCE OF PORTAGE CANAL MI- UPPER ENTRANCE OF PORTAGE CANAL TO EAGLE RIVER MI- EAGLE RIVER TO MANITOU ISLAND MI- MANITOU ISLAND TO POINT ISABELLE MI- POINT ISABELLE TO LOWER ENTRANCE OF PORTAGE CANAL MI- LOWER ENTRANCE OF PORTAGE CANAL TO HURON ISLANDS MI INCLUDING KEWEENAW AND HURON BAYS-HURON ISLANDS TO MARQUETTE MI- MARQUETTE TO MUNISING MI-MUNISING TO GRAND MARAIS MI- GRAND MARAIS TO WHITEFISH POINT MI- LAKE SUPERIOR FROM SAXON HARBOR WI TO UPPER ENTRANCE TO PORTAGE CANAL MI 5NM OFF SHORE TO THE US/CANADIAN BORDER INCLUDING ISLE ROYALE NATIONAL PARK- LAKE SUPERIOR FROM UPPER ENTRANCE TO PORTAGE CANAL TO MANITOU ISLAND MI 5NM OFF SHORE TO THE US/CANADIAN BORDER- LAKE SUPERIOR WEST OF LINE FROM MANITOU ISLAND TO MARQUETTE MI BEYOND 5NM FROM SHORE- LAKE SUPERIOR EAST OF A LINE FROM MANITOU ISLAND TO MARQUETTE MI AND WEST OF A LINE FROM GRAND MARAIS MI TO THE US/CANADIAN BORDER BEYOND 5NM FROM SHORE- LAKE SUPERIOR FROM GRAND MARAIS MI TO WHITEFISH POINT MI 5NM OFF SHORE TO THE US/CANADIAN BORDER- 426 PM EDT SUN MAR 31 2013 /326 PM CDT SUN MAR 31 2013/ THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF EASTERN LAKE SUPERIOR...CENTRAL LAKE SUPERIOR AND WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR. .DAY ONE...TONIGHT NORTHWEST TO NORTH GALES OF 40 TO 45 KNOTS ARE EXPECTED OVER NORTH CENTRAL AND EASTERN LAKE SUPERIOR. SEE THE LATEST LAKE SUPERIOR FORECASTS AND MARINE WEATHER MESSAGE FOR COMPLETE DETAILS. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY NORTHWEST GALES OF 35 TO 40 KNOTS OVER THE EAST HALF OF LAKE SUPERIOR WILL PERSIST THROUGH MONDAY NIGHT. SEE THE LATEST LAKE SUPERIOR FORECASTS AND MARINE WEATHER MESSAGE FOR COMPLETE DETAILS. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... THE NEED FOR WEATHER SPOTTER REPORTS IS NOT ANTICIPATED AT THIS TIME. LMZ221-248-250-011200- GREEN BAY NORTH OF LINE FROM CEDAR RIVER MI TO ROCK ISLAND PASSAGE-SEUL CHOIX POINT TO POINT DETOUR MI- 5NM EAST OF A LINE FROM FAIRPORT MI TO ROCK ISLAND PASSAGE- 426 PM EDT SUN MAR 31 2013 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF NORTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN. .DAY ONE...TONIGHT NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... THE NEED FOR WEATHER SPOTTER REPORTS IS NOT ANTICIPATED AT THIS TIME. JLA
The national radar mosaic for the moment the first event began.
2 winter weather. Local standard time, as filed.
The spotter in Melstrand estimated six inches of lake effect snow into the early afternoon of the 1st while Grand Marais measured five inches of snow. Northwest winds gusting near 30 mph also caused blowing and drifting of snow.
The observer in Newberry measured 5.2 inches of lake effect snow through the early morning hours of the 1st. Northwest winds gusting to 25 mph also caused some blowing and drifting of snow.
After NWS Directive 10-1605, the rules offices file Storm Data by.
Every storm in Michigan in 2013Every state in 2013This day in weather historyWarnings in Michigan, April 2013
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database, compiled from the National Weather Service’s monthly Storm Data. Complete through 2026-06; NCEI adds each month about 75 days after it ends and revises past years a few times a year. Rebuilt 2026-09-24. Each event’s entry at NCEI: 444883, 444886.