Low pressure intensified as it moved northeast along a stationary front stretching from Southwest Arkansas into the Ohio Valley. Deep moisture surged north from the Gulf of Mexico resulting in a large area of heavy showers and thunderstorms moving into western sections of the Mid-South during the evening of January 12, 2013.
Every event with a place to put it. Tap one for its entry below.
Deaths and injuries are direct and indirect together, as the offices filed them. Damage is property and crops in the dollars of the year, not adjusted for inflation, and only where an office estimated it.
The episode as NWS MEG wrote it up.
Low pressure intensified as it moved northeast along a stationary front stretching from Southwest Arkansas into the Ohio Valley. Deep moisture surged north from the Gulf of Mexico resulting in a large area of heavy showers and thunderstorms moving into western sections of the Mid-South during the evening of January 12, 2013. The showers and thunderstorms spread slowly east across the remainder of the Mid-South in advance of a cold front through the afternoon of January 13, 2013. The system dropped up to five inches of rain in isolated locations. The heavy rainfall resulted in some flash flooding and areal flooding across parts of the Mid-South.
The local office's own words before the first event, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Memphis, TN wrote its last area forecast discussion before the first event at Jan 12, 11:50 PM CST, 52 minutes earlier.
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN
1150 PM CST SAT JAN 12 2013
.UPDATE...
UPDATED FOR THE 06Z AVIATION DISCUSSION.
&&
.PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 354 PM CST SAT JAN 12 2013/
DISCUSSION...21Z SURFACE ANALYSIS PLACES A SURFACE LOW NEAR DE
QUEEN ARKANSAS /SOUTHWEST ARKANSAS/ WITH A COLD FRONT EXTENDING
SOUTHWEST INTO CENTRAL TEXAS...AND A WARM FRONT EXTENDING FROM
THE SURFACE LOW UP INTO NORTHEAST ARKANSAS...SOUTHEAST MISSOURI
AND INTO THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY. TEMPERATURES ACROSS THE MID SOUTH
ARE QUITE MILD WITH TEMPERATURES AS OF 3 PM CST RANGING FROM THE
UPPER 50S ACROSS NORTHEAST ARKANSAS NEAR CORNING AND WALNUT
RIDGE...MIDDLE 70S ACROSS EXTREME NORTHEAST MISSISSIPPI AND LOWER
70S ACROSS THE REMAINDER OF THE MID SOUTH. STRONG TO PERHAPS
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM POTENTIAL TONIGHT...HEAVY RAINFALL POTENTIAL
TONIGHT INTO SUNDAY MORNING...AND WINTER WEATHER POTENTIAL MONDAY
MONDAY INTO TUESDAY ARE THE PREDOMINANT FORECAST CHALLENGES THIS
AFTERNOON.
.SHORT TERM...(TONIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT)...SHORT TERM MODELS
ARE IN DECENT AGREEMENT OVERALL BRINGING A SURFACE LOW CURRENTLY
LOCATED OVER SOUTHWEST ARKANSAS MOVING NORTHEAST INTO THE MID
SOUTH THIS EVENING AND INTO THE OVERNIGHT HOURS. BASED ON SHORT
TERM MESOSCALE TRENDS...A POTENTIAL FOR STRONG TO PERHAPS SEVERE
THUNDERSTORMS STILL LOOKS POSSIBLE THIS EVENING ALONG THE
MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA...ESPECIALLY ACROSS NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI
AND EAST ARKANSAS...INCLUDING THE MEMPHIS METRO AREA.
MODERATELY STEEP TO STEEP 700-500 MB LAYER MID LEVEL LAPSE RATES
BETWEEN 6.5 TO 7 C/KM...MOST UNSTABLE CAPE VALUES INCREASING TO
BETWEEN 800 TO 1500 J/KG...0-6 KM BULK SHEAR VALUES BETWEEN 50 TO
60 KTS...LI/S BETWEEN -3 TO -5...0-1 KM STORM RELATIVE HELICITIES
AROUND 300 M2/S2 AND FAVORABLE UPPER LEVEL DIVERGENCE/SHEAR
SUGGEST THE POTENTIAL FOR QUASI-LINEAR CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY WITH
THE POTENTIAL FOR PERHAPS AN EMBEDDED TORNADO WITHIN BOWING
SEGMENTS. RECENT RAINFALL REPORT FROM EAST ARKANSAS OF 2 INCHES
SUGGESTS RADAR IS ESTIMATING RAINFALL PRETTY GOOD THUS FAR AND
POTENTIAL FOR ADDITIONAL HEAVY RAINFALL AND FLASH FLOODING WILL
BE POSSIBLE WITH PRECIPITABLE WATER VALUES RANGING UP TO AROUND
1.7 INCHES. CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY WILL BEGIN ACROSS EAST/NORTHEAST ARKANSAS
AND THE MISSOURI BOOTHEEL AND SPREAD TO THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BY
MID TO LATE EVENING. AS THE ACTIVITY BEGINS TO SPREAD EAST OF THE
MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA...THINK OVERALL STRONG/SEVERE THUNDERSTORM
POTENTIAL WILL BEGIN TO WANE AS THE SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS MOVE
OUT OF THE BEST AREA OF INSTABILITY AND OVERALL INSTABILITY
WEAKENS THROUGHOUT THE NIGHT. DAMAGING WINDS WILL BE THE MAIN
THREAT FOR ANY THUNDERSTORMS THAT BECOME SEVERE WITH A SECONDARY
THREAT FOR A TORNADO OR TWO EMBEDDED WITHIN BOWING LINE SEGMENTS.
SHORT TERM MODELS INDICATE RAIN WILL CONTINUE ACROSS AREAS MAINLY
EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ON SUNDAY AS THE COLD FRONT WILL
SLOW AS IT BECOMES NEARLY PARALLEL TO UPPER LEVEL FLOW ALOFT.
CONFIDENCE IS DECREASING FOR WINTER WEATHER PRECIPITATION SUNDAY
NIGHT INTO MONDAY MORNING AS PRECIPITATION IS EXPECTED TO DIMINISH
AS THE COLDER AIR FILTERS INTO THE MID SOUTH. HOWEVER...A
POTENTIAL FOR WINTER WEATHER PERHAPS IN THE FORM OF FREEZING RAIN
OR SLEET MAY BE POSSIBLE MONDAY NIGHT INTO TUESDAY MORNING ACROSS
AREAS SOUTH OF I-40...ESPECIALLY ACROSS NORTH MISSISSIPPI. EXACT
PRECIPITATION TYPE STILL REMAINS SOMEWHAT UNCERTAIN AND WILL LET
LATER SHIFTS FURTHER ASSESS WINTER WEATHER PRECIPITATION POTENTIAL
BEFORE ANY WEATHER HEADLINES ARE CONSIDERED IN SUBSEQUENT PERIODS.
STAY TUNED...
.LONG TERM...(WEDNESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY)...12Z GFS/ECMWF LONG
TERM MODELS IN BETTER AGREEMENT THAN THE PAST FEW RUNS AS THE COLD
FRONT CONTINUES TO PUSH AWAY FROM THE REGION AND HIGH PRESSURE
BUILDS INTO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY. TEMPERATURES ARE
ANTICIPATED TO RANGE NEAR NORMAL TO SLIGHTLY BELOW NORMAL THROUGH
THE PERIOD.
CJC
.AVIATION...
06Z TAF CYCLE
A VERY WARM AND MOIST AIRMASS FOR THIS TIME OF YEAR IS NOW IN
PLACE ACROSS AREAS EAST OF A COLD FRONT MOVING THROUGH EASTERN
ARKANSAS. MAINLY VFR CIGS AND VSBYS ARE IN PLACE CURRENTLY AHEAD
OF THE FRONT...BUT EXPECTING CIGS TO LOWER SIGNIFICANTLY WITH AND
BEHIND THE FRONTAL PASSAGE OVER THE NEXT SEVERAL HOURS. NUMEROUS
SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS HAVE DEVELOPED ALONG THE COLD FRONT.
THIS BOUNDARY AND ASSOCIATED WEATHER SHOULD PASS ACROSS THE TAF
SITES FROM NORTHWEST TO SOUTHEAST THROUGH SUNDAY MORNING. CIGS
AND VSBYS SHOULD BECOME SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED BEHIND THE FRONTAL
PASSAGE WITH IFR/LIFR CIGS EXPECTED.
WINDS WILL REMAIN STRONG FROM THE SOUTH AND SOUTH-SOUTHEAST WHICH
MAY LEAD TO COMPRESSIONAL ISSUES THROUGH THE EVENING AND MUCH OF
THE OVERNIGHT PERIOD AS 50+ KT LOW LEVEL JET OVERSPREADS THE TAF
SITES AHEAD OF THE FRONT. WINDS WILL TURN ABRUPTLY NORTH BEHIND
THE FRONT AND WILL LIKELY GUST BETWEEN 25-40 KTS FOR A FEW HOURS
POST FRONTAL. THESE INTENSE WINDS SHOULD SLOWLY SUBSIDE LATER
TONIGHT.
RAIN AND SCATTERED ELEVATED THUNDERSTORMS WILL LIKELY PERSIST
THROUGH THE DAY POST FRONTAL AS THE UPPER TROUGH HANGS BACK TO THE
WEST WITH STRONG LIFTING OVER THE FRONT. THIS WILL KEEP LOW CIGS
AND VSBYS IN PLACE THROUGH MUCH OF THE DAY SUNDAY. RAIN WILL
GRADUALLY END FROM WEST TO EAST SUNDAY EVENING AND COULD EVEN END
AS A BRIEF PERIOD OF WINTRY PRECIPITATION. CONFIDENCE TOO LOW TO
INCLUDE IN LATEST TAF SET. STAY TUNED.
JLH
&&
.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
MEM 47 47 27 39 / 90 100 20 10
MKL 50 50 28 39 / 70 100 30 10
JBR 37 37 23 38 / 100 80 10 10
TUP 62 62 34 42 / 70 100 60 40
&&
.MEG WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
AR...FLASH FLOOD WATCH THROUGH SUNDAY MORNING FOR CLAY-CRAIGHEAD-
CRITTENDEN-CROSS-GREENE-LAWRENCE-LEE AR-MISSISSIPPI-
PHILLIPS-POINSETT-RANDOLPH-ST. FRANCIS.
MO...FLASH FLOOD WATCH THROUGH SUNDAY MORNING FOR DUNKLIN-PEMISCOT.
MS...FLASH FLOOD WATCH THROUGH SUNDAY MORNING FOR ALCORN-BENTON MS-
CALHOUN-CHICKASAW-COAHOMA-DESOTO-ITAWAMBA-LAFAYETTE-LEE MS-
MARSHALL-MONROE-PANOLA-PONTOTOC-PRENTISS-QUITMAN-
TALLAHATCHIE-TATE-TIPPAH-TISHOMINGO-TUNICA-UNION-YALOBUSHA.
TN...FLASH FLOOD WATCH THROUGH SUNDAY MORNING FOR CARROLL-CHESTER-
CROCKETT-DECATUR-DYER-FAYETTE-GIBSON-HARDEMAN-HARDIN-
HAYWOOD-HENDERSON-HENRY-LAKE-LAUDERDALE-MADISON-MCNAIRY-
OBION-SHELBY-TIPTON-WEAKLEY.
&&HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN 1142 PM CST SAT JAN 12 2013 ARZ008-009-017-018-026>028-035-036-048-049-058-MOZ113-115- MSZ001>017-020>024-TNZ001>004-019>021-048>055-088>092-140745- ALCORN-BENTON MS-CALHOUN-CARROLL-CHESTER-CHICKASAW-CLAY-COAHOMA- CRAIGHEAD-CRITTENDEN-CROCKETT-CROSS-DESOTO-DECATUR-DUNKLIN-DYER- FAYETTE-GIBSON-GREENE-HARDEMAN-HARDIN-HAYWOOD-HENDERSON-HENRY- ITAWAMBA-LAFAYETTE-LAKE-LAUDERDALE-LAWRENCE-LEE AR-LEE MS-MADISON- MARSHALL-MCNAIRY-MISSISSIPPI-MONROE-OBION-PANOLA-PEMISCOT- PHILLIPS-POINSETT-PONTOTOC-PRENTISS-QUITMAN-RANDOLPH-SHELBY- ST. FRANCIS-TALLAHATCHIE-TATE-TIPPAH-TIPTON-TISHOMINGO-TUNICA- UNION-WEAKLEY-YALOBUSHA- 1142 PM CST SAT JAN 12 2013 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF EAST ARKANSAS... THE MISSOURI BOOTHEEL...NORTH MISSISSIPPI...AND WEST TENNESSEE. .DAY ONE...TONIGHT THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK FOR SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS EAST CENTRAL ARKANSAS AND A LARGE PORTION OF NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI. DAMAGING WINDS WILL BE THE PREDOMINANT SEVERE WEATHER THREAT WITH A POTENTIAL FOR PERHAPS AN ISOLATED TORNADO. FURTHER NORTH AND EAST A FEW STRONG STORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH SMALL HAIL AND STRONG GUST WINDS. ADDITIONALLY...HEAVY RAIN MAY RESULT IN FLASH FLOODING. A FLASH FLOOD WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR ALL OF THE MIDSOUTH TONIGHT. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY HEAVY RAIN MAY RESULT IN FLASH FLOODING SUNDAY. A FLASH FLOOD WATCH IS IN EFFECT THROUGH NOON SUNDAY. RAIN COULD SWITCH OVER TO FREEZING RAIN...SLEET OR SNOW OVER PORTIONS OF THE MID SOUTH...MAINLY SOUTH OF I-40 MONDAY NIGHT INTO TUESDAY MORNING AND AGAIN TUESDAY EVENING.NO ACCUMULATIONS ARE EXPECTED. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NEEDED LATE TONIGHT ACROSS EAST CENTRAL ARKANSAS AND NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI IN SUPPORT OF SEVERE WEATHER OPERATIONS. JAB
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN
821 PM CST SAT JAN 12 2013
ARZ008-017-130245-
LAWRENCE AR-RANDOLPH AR-
821 PM CST SAT JAN 12 2013
...THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN MEMPHIS HAS ISSUED A SIGNIFICANT
WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL 845 PM CST FOR...
LAWRENCE COUNTY IN EASTERN ARKANSAS...
SOUTH CENTRAL RANDOLPH COUNTY IN EASTERN ARKANSAS...
A STRONG THUNDERSTORM PRODUCING WINDS AT LEAST 40 MPH WAS LOCATED 11
MILES SOUTHWEST OF STRAWBERRY AT 822 PM CST...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 50
MPH.
VERY HEAVY RAIN WILL OCCUR WITH THIS THUNDERSTORM.
PEOPLE IN LAWRENCE AND RANDOLPH COUNTIES...INCLUDING LOCATIONS NEAR
BLACK ROCK...HOXIE...LAKE CHARLES STATE PARK AND WALNUT RIDGE...
SHOULD MONITOR THIS STORM CLOSELY.
.A TORNADO WATCH ALSO REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR THE ADVISORY AREA.
&&
LAT...LON 3618 9136 3625 9131 3625 9127 3631 9126
3613 9076 3588 9104 3589 9136
TIME...MOT...LOC 0222Z 232DEG 63KT 3593 9137SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN
1053 PM CST SAT JAN 12 2013
ARZ027-035-130530-
CROSS AR-POINSETT AR-
1053 PM CST SAT JAN 12 2013
...THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN MEMPHIS HAS ISSUED A SIGNIFICANT
WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL 1130 PM CST FOR...
NORTHWESTERN CROSS COUNTY IN EASTERN ARKANSAS...
POINSETT COUNTY IN EASTERN ARKANSAS...
A STRONG THUNDERSTORM PRODUCING WINDS AT LEAST 40 MPH WAS LOCATED
OVER HICKORY RIDGE AT 1053 PM CST...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 65 MPH.
VERY HEAVY RAIN ALONG WITH CONTINUOUS CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING WILL
OCCUR WITH THIS THUNDERSTORM.
PEOPLE IN CROSS AND POINSETT COUNTIES...INCLUDING LOCATIONS NEAR
HARRISBURG AND TRUMANN...SHOULD MONITOR THIS STORM CLOSELY.
.A TORNADO WATCH ALSO REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR THE ADVISORY AREA.
&&
LAT...LON 3551 9104 3570 9104 3571 9039 3570 9039
3525 9072 3540 9105 3550 9105
TIME...MOT...LOC 0453Z 219DEG 56KT 3543 9094SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN
1102 PM CST SAT JAN 12 2013
ARZ009-MOZ113-115-TNZ001-130530-
CLAY AR-DUNKLIN MO-PEMISCOT MO-LAKE TN-
1102 PM CST SAT JAN 12 2013
...THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN MEMPHIS HAS ISSUED A SIGNIFICANT
WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL 1130 PM CST FOR...
EASTERN CLAY COUNTY IN EASTERN ARKANSAS...
WESTERN LAKE COUNTY IN NORTHWEST TENNESSEE...
DUNKLIN COUNTY IN SOUTHEAST MISSOURI...
PEMISCOT COUNTY IN SOUTHEAST MISSOURI...
A STRONG THUNDERSTORM PRODUCING WINDS AT LEAST 40 MPH WAS LOCATED 6
MILES WEST OF KENNETT AT 1103 PM CST...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 70 MPH.
VERY HEAVY RAIN ALONG WITH CONTINUOUS CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING WILL
OCCUR WITH THIS THUNDERSTORM.
PEOPLE IN CLAY...DUNKLIN...LAKE AND PEMISCOT COUNTIES...INCLUDING
LOCATIONS NEAR CAMPBELL...CARUTHERSVILLE...CHALK BLUFF NATURAL
AREA...HAYTI...KENNETT...MALDEN...PIGGOTT...SENATH AND STEELE...
SHOULD MONITOR THIS STORM CLOSELY.
&&
LAT...LON 3663 8996 3639 8996 3639 8976 3643 8973
3640 8968 3640 8959 3646 8953 3650 8954
3650 8949 3650 8948 3639 8951 3642 8955
3640 8958 3634 8954 3607 8969 3612 9022
3620 9020 3621 9022 3654 9022 3664 9014
TIME...MOT...LOC 0503Z 220DEG 59KT 3631 9011SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN 1104 PM CST SAT JAN 12 2013 ARZ008-009-017-018-026>028-035-MOZ113-115-130800- CLAY-CRAIGHEAD-CROSS-DUNKLIN-GREENE-LAWRENCE-MISSISSIPPI-PEMISCOT- POINSETT-RANDOLPH- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...BLYTHEVILLE...CARUTHERSVILLE... HARRISBURG...JONESBORO...KENNETT...PARAGOULD...WALNUT RIDGE... WYNNE 1104 PM CST SAT JAN 12 2013 ...STRONG WINDS EXPECTED BEHIND A STRONG COLD FRONT LATE THIS EVENING INTO EARLY SUNDAY MORNING... A STRONG COLD FRONT WILL CONTINUE TO MOVE SLOWLY SOUTHEAST ACROSS THE MID SOUTH OVERNIGHT. STRONG WINDS IMMEDIATELY BEHIND THE FRONT WILL IMPACT NORTHEAST ARKANSAS AND THE MISSOURI BOOTHEEL OVER THE NEXT COUPLE OF HOURS. SUSTAINED WINDS BETWEEN 20 AND 30 MPH...WITH GUSTS IN EXCESS OF 40 MPH WILL BE COMMON OVER THESE LOCATIONS. WINDS SHOULD SLOWLY DIMINISH AFTER 2 AM CST. WINDS OF THIS MAGNITUDE MOVING OVER AREAS WHERE HEAVY RAINS HAVE RESULTED IN SATURATED SOIL CONDITIONS MAY RESULT IN A FEW DOWNED TREES ALONG WITH THE POTENTIAL FOR SCATTERED POWER OUTAGES. IF YOU MUST TRAVEL ACROSS THESE LOCATIONS LATE TONIGHT INTO EARLY SUNDAY MORNING...PLEASE EXERCISE EXTREME CAUTION. JLH
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN
1208 AM CST SUN JAN 13 2013
ARZ035-036-048-TNZ088-130645-
CRITTENDEN AR-CROSS AR-ST. FRANCIS AR-SHELBY TN-
1208 AM CST SUN JAN 13 2013
...THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN MEMPHIS HAS ISSUED A SIGNIFICANT
WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL 1245 AM CST FOR...
CENTRAL CRITTENDEN COUNTY IN EASTERN ARKANSAS...
SOUTHEASTERN CROSS COUNTY IN EASTERN ARKANSAS...
NORTHERN ST. FRANCIS COUNTY IN EASTERN ARKANSAS...
SHELBY COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST TENNESSEE...
SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS PRODUCING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 40 MPH WAS
LOCATED ACROSS THE ADVISORY AREA AT 1207 AM CST...MOVING NORTHEAST
AT 60 MPH.
VERY HEAVY RAIN WILL ALSO OCCUR WITH THUNDERSTORMS.
PEOPLE IN CRITTENDEN...CROSS...SHELBY AND ST. FRANCIS COUNTIES...
INCLUDING LOCATIONS NEAR BARTLETT...CORDOVA...GERMANTOWN...MARION...
MEEMAN SHELBY FOREST STATE PARK...MIDTOWN MEMPHIS...MILLINGTON...T O
FULLER STATE PARK AND WEST MEMPHIS...SHOULD MONITOR THIS STORM
CLOSELY. THIS SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ALERT ALSO INCLUDES BRANDYWINE
LAKE...CORONEE LAKE AND WAPANOCCA LAKE.
&&
LAT...LON 3538 9011 3538 8965 3501 8981 3501 9020
3506 9097
TIME...MOT...LOC 0607Z 217DEG 52KT 3522 9010The Memphis radar (KNQA), 152 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the first event began at 06:43 UTC.
2 flash flood. Local standard time, as filed.
Heavy rain fell in Jesup and the intersection of Highway 117 and Highway 115 was closed due to flooding.
Heavy rain produced flash flooding across Eastern Poinsett County. One home in Trumann had water up to the doorstep. Two homes in Tyronza had water coming in the front door.
After NWS Directive 10-1605, the rules offices file Storm Data by.
Every storm in Arkansas in 2013Every state in 2013This day in weather historyWarnings in Arkansas, January 2013
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database, compiled from the National Weather Service’s monthly Storm Data. Complete through 2026-06; NCEI adds each month about 75 days after it ends and revises past years a few times a year. Rebuilt 2026-09-24. Each event’s entry at NCEI: 427411, 427413.