G2 (Moderate) Geomagnetic Storm of June 10, 1978
A G2 (moderate) geomagnetic storm began June 10, 1978, reached Kp 6 and lasted 3 hours, with a daily Ap as high as 24; at that Kp the aurora may be seen from about 55 degrees geomagnetic latitude.
The Kp through the storm
Began Jun 10, 21:00 UTC, peaked in the block from Jun 10, 21:00 UTC, ended Jun 11, 00:00 UTC.
The storm
- Peak Kp
- 6 (6.00)
- NOAA level
- G2 Moderate
- Duration
- 3 hours
- Highest daily Ap
- 24
- Highest 3-hour ap
- 80
- Rank since 1932
- 1,515 of 4,139
How far south the aurora could have been seen
At Kp 6 NOAA’s scales put the aurora’s reach at about 55 degrees geomagnetic latitude: 47°N in the central US, 46°N in the eastern US, 49°N in the western US and 56°N in northern Europe.
NOAA says a G2 storm’s aurora has been seen as low as New York and Idaho.
US cities within reach, the southernmost first
- Anchorage, AK 61.9° geomag.
1 US cities of 150,000 people or more sit at or poleward of that line. Low on the northern horizon under a dark, clear sky; not a record of sightings.
Day by day
The daily Ap is the mean of the day’s eight three-hour ap values.
| UT day | Daily Ap | Highest Kp that day |
|---|---|---|
| June 10, 1978 | 24 | 6 |
Flares before it
GOES recorded no M or X class flare from four days before this storm to its end. Storms without a large flare are commonly driven by fast solar wind from a coronal hole, or by an eruption no flare announced.
More
The storm before, Jun 4The storm after, Jun 21Every storm of 1978The strongest on recordThis day in weather historyTonight’s aurora forecast
Sources
Kp and ap from GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Geomagnetic Observatory Niemegk, licensed CC BY 4.0: Matzka, J., Stolle, C., Yamazaki, Y., Bronkalla, O. and Morschhauser, A., 2021, The geomagnetic Kp index and derived indices of geomagnetic activity, Space Weather, doi:10.1029/2020SW002641; data doi:10.5880/Kp.0001. Storms, levels and aurora reach worked out by WeatherOverTime from those values and NOAA’s space weather scales. Definitive through August 31, 2026; later values are preliminary. Rebuilt 2026-09-24. Flares from NOAA NCEI’s GOES X-ray flare reports (1975 to 2017) and SWPC’s edited solar event lists, public domain; classes as NOAA recorded them at the time.