Current weather · Sep 28, 3:23 AM CDT

45.1670, -96.0000

58°

Patchy heavy fogFeels like 58° · Humidity 100%NWS forecast for this hour; no recent station reportForecast by NWS Twin Cities, MN · grid 18,81
High
72°
Low
60°
Rain today
9%
Sunrise
7:19 AM
Sunset
7:10 PM
First issued 7 hours agoExpires in 7 hours · 10:00 AM CDT

All alerts for this county, and its warning history

Hour by hour

NWS forecast grid

Scroll sideways for more hours. Pick an hour for every number.

Every hour as a table48 hours
TimeWeatherTemperatureFeels likeDew pointHumidityChanceAmountSnowDirWindGustSky coverThunderPressureVisibilityCeiling
Mon 3 AMPatchy heavy fog58°58°58°100%7%SE2 mph6 mph72%2%—2.3 mi300 ft
Mon 4 AMPatchy heavy fog55°55°55°100%7%SE3 mph7 mph73%2%—1.8 mi200 ft
Mon 5 AMPatchy heavy fog58°58°58°100%7%SE3 mph8 mph79%2%—0.7 mi200 ft
Mon 6 AMAreas of heavy fog58°58°58°100%8%SE5 mph9 mph82%2%—0.5 mi200 ft
Mon 7 AMAreas of heavy fog58°58°58°100%8%SE6 mph10 mph82%—0.5 mi200 ft
Mon 8 AMAreas of heavy fog59°59°59°100%9%SE6 mph12 mph90%—1.0 mi200 ft
Mon 9 AM61°61°61°100%8%SE7 mph13 mph88%—7 mi2,200 ft
Mon 10 AM63°63°63°100%8%SSE9 mph15 mph80%2%—9 mi2,200 ft
Mon 11 AM65°65°64°97%7%SSE10 mph17 mph78%2%—10 mi1,800 ft
Mon 12 PM67°67°64°90%7%SSE12 mph18 mph77%2%—10 mi2,200 ft
Mon 1 PM68°68°65°90%5%SSE12 mph18 mph74%5%—10 mi2,200 ft
Mon 2 PM70°70°64°81%5%SSE13 mph20 mph68%5%—10 mi2,700 ft
Mon 3 PM71°71°64°79%6%SSE13 mph20 mph79%6%—10 mi2,700 ft
Mon 4 PM71°71°64°79%6%SSE13 mph20 mph76%6%—10 mi3,500 ft
Mon 5 PM72°72°64°76%6%SSE12 mph20 mph73%6%—10 mi3,500 ft
Mon 6 PM70°70°64°81%7%SSE12 mph20 mph68%7%—10 mi4,500 ft
Mon 7 PM69°69°64°84%3%SSE12 mph20 mph64%3%—10 mi5,800 ft
Mon 8 PM67°67°64°90%2%SSE12 mph21 mph66%2%—10 mi7,300 ft
Mon 9 PM65°65°64°97%5%SSE13 mph22 mph80%4%—10 mi7,300 ft
Mon 10 PM65°65°64°97%5%SSE13 mph21 mph79%2%—10 mi9,500 ft
Mon 11 PM64°64°63°97%5%S13 mph22 mph92%2%—10 mi11,000 ft
Tue 12 AM64°64°63°97%3%S13 mph21 mph91%2%—10 mi13,000 ft
Tue 1 AM63°63°62°97%4%0.01 inS12 mph20 mph90%4%—10 mi13,000 ft
Tue 2 AM62°62°62°100%9%0.01 inS13 mph21 mph93%7%—10 mi5,800 ft
Tue 3 AMSlight chance of light rain showers62°62°61°97%16%0.01 inS13 mph21 mph94%7%—10 mi5,800 ft
Tue 4 AMChance of light rain showers and slight chance of thunderstorms62°62°61°97%27%0.01 inS13 mph21 mph91%17%—8 mi3,500 ft
Tue 5 AMChance of light rain showers and slight chance of thunderstorms61°61°61°100%39%0.01 inS13 mph22 mph95%17%—7 mi2,200 ft
Tue 6 AMChance of light rain showers and slight chance of thunderstorms62°62°61°97%39%0.01 inS13 mph21 mph91%17%—6 mi1,800 ft
Tue 7 AMModerate rain showers and slight chance of thunderstorms62°62°61°97%83%0.04 inS13 mph20 mph91%18%——
Tue 8 AMModerate rain showers and slight chance of thunderstorms and patchy fog62°62°62°100%78%0.04 inS12 mph20 mph97%18%——
Tue 9 AMModerate rain showers and slight chance of thunderstorms and patchy fog63°63°63°100%76%0.04 inS12 mph20 mph95%18%——
Tue 10 AMModerate rain showers likely and slight chance of thunderstorms64°64°64°100%74%0.04 inS12 mph18 mph91%21%——
Tue 11 AMModerate rain showers likely and slight chance of thunderstorms64°64°64°100%65%0.04 inS12 mph18 mph91%21%——
Tue 12 PMChance of light rain showers and slight chance of thunderstorms65°65°65°100%45%0.04 inS12 mph18 mph86%21%——
Tue 1 PMModerate rain showers likely66°66°66°100%65%0.05 inS12 mph18 mph88%10%——
Tue 2 PMChance of moderate rain showers66°66°65°97%54%0.05 inSSE10 mph17 mph90%10%——
Tue 3 PMChance of moderate rain showers66°66°65°97%44%0.05 inSSE10 mph17 mph94%10%——
Tue 4 PMChance of light rain showers67°67°65°93%36%0.05 inSSE9 mph16 mph93%7%——
Tue 5 PMChance of light rain showers67°67°65°93%28%0.05 inSSE8 mph15 mph96%7%——
Tue 6 PM66°66°65°97%9%0.05 inSSE7 mph13 mph95%7%——
Tue 7 PMChance of light rain showers66°66°65°97%27%0.00 inSSE6 mph12 mph96%4%——
Tue 8 PMChance of light rain showers64°64°64°100%27%0.00 inSSE5 mph10 mph100%4%——
Tue 9 PMChance of light rain showers64°64°64°100%27%0.00 inS5 mph9 mph92%4%——
Tue 10 PMChance of light rain showers64°64°64°100%27%0.00 inS5 mph8 mph84%2%——
Tue 11 PMChance of light rain showers64°64°64°100%27%0.00 inS3 mph7 mph85%2%——
Wed 12 AMChance of light rain showers63°63°63°100%27%0.00 inSSW3 mph7 mph86%2%——
Wed 1 AM62°62°62°100%14%0.00 inSSW2 mph6 mph87%1%——
Wed 2 AM61°61°61°100%14%0.00 inSW2 mph6 mph87%1%——

The next 16 days

NWS grid published Sep 28, 1:26 AM CDT to day 8, the National Blend of Models to day 10, the mean of GFS, ECMWF, ECMWF AI to day 16
  1. TodaySep 2872°60°Areas Of Fog then Mostly Cloudy9%wind 13 mph · gusts 22 mph
  2. TueSep 2968°57°Showers And Thunderstorms83%0.64 inwind 13 mph · gusts 22 mph
  3. WedSep 3071°52°Chance Rain Showers29%0.23 inwind 6 mph · gusts 12 mph
  4. ThuOct 163°43°Mostly Sunny5%wind 14 mph · gusts 21 mph
  5. FriOct 264°47°Sunny3%wind 7 mph · gusts 14 mph
  6. SatOct 363°47°Mostly Sunny11%wind 14 mph · gusts 21 mph
  7. SunOct 460°43°Mostly Sunny11%wind 10 mph · gusts 17 mph
  8. MonOct 560°44°6%wind 10 mph · gusts 17 mph
  9. TueOct 662°46°National Blend12%wind 13 mph · gusts 20 mph
  10. WedOct 762°45°National Blend3%wind 9 mph · gusts 16 mph
  11. ThuOct 8~58°45°Model mean
  12. FriOct 9~61°40°Model mean
  13. SatOct 10~58°40°Model mean
  14. SunOct 11~54°40°Model mean
  15. MonOct 12~53°31°Model mean
  16. TueOct 13~44°29°Model mean

Right now

NWS grid for this hour · UV from the EPA · air quality from AirNow
  • Feels like58°
  • WindSE 2 mphgusts 6 mph
  • Radar over this pointno reading
  • Humidity100%
  • Dew point58°
  • Pressure—
  • UV index—
  • Air quality—
  • Visibility2.3 mi
  • Sunrise and sunsetSunrise · Sunset · not yet up
  • Moonrise7:45 PMMoonset 9:44 AM
  • Moon phaseWaning gibbous95% lit

The National Blend of Models

NOAA NBM v5.0 · run of Sep 28, 1:00 AM CDT

NOAA’s weighted blend of every model it runs, to eleven days, with the chances the grid above does not carry. Where the local office’s grid reaches, its figure sits beneath the blend’s; where it does not, the blend stands alone.

  1. TodaySep 2872°60°NWS grid 72° / 60°rain 42%thunder 22%wind 13 mph · gusts 22 mph
  2. TueSep 2968°57°NWS grid 68° / 57°rain 96%thunder 23%0.64 inwind 13 mph · gusts 22 mph
  3. WedSep 3071°52°NWS grid 71° / 52°rain 33%0.23 inwind 5 mph · gusts 10 mph
  4. ThuOct 163°43°NWS grid 63° / 43°rain 2%wind 14 mph · gusts 21 mph
  5. FriOct 263°47°NWS grid 64° / 47°rain 3%wind 7 mph · gusts 13 mph
  6. SatOct 363°47°NWS grid 63° / 47°rain 11%thunder 12%wind 14 mph · gusts 21 mph
  7. SunOct 460°43°NWS grid 60° / 43°rain 12%wind 10 mph · gusts 17 mph
  8. MonOct 560°47°NWS grid 60° / 44°rain 6%wind 10 mph · gusts 17 mph
  9. TueOct 662°46°Beyond the NWS gridrain 12%wind 13 mph · gusts 20 mph
  10. WedOct 762°45°Beyond the NWS gridrain 3%wind 9 mph · gusts 16 mph
  11. ThuOct 861°—Beyond the NWS gridrain 4%wind 9 mph · gusts 16 mph
41°59°77°TueWedThuFriSatSunMon

BlendNWS gridChance of rain, hourly

The models, side by side

HRRR Sep 27, 7:00 PM CDT · GFS Sep 27, 7:00 PM CDT · GEFS Sep 27, 7:00 PM CDT · ECMWF Sep 27, 7:00 AM CDT · ECMWF AI Sep 27, 7:00 PM CDT

Each line is one model’s own forecast at its own grid cell: three kilometers for HRRR, a quarter of a degree for the global models, which can sit a few hundred meters above or below the town. Where they agree the forecast is settled; where they part is where it is not.

32°55°77°TueWedThuFriSatSunMon

DayNWS gridHRRRGFSGEFSECMWFECMWF AI
Today Sep 2872° 60°68° 58°74° 59°74° 59°73° 59°0.02 in~68° 58°0.05 in
Tue Sep 2968° 57°0.64 in70° 61°0.12 in65° 61°1.00 in66° 62°0.56 in66° 62°0.48 in~70° 64°0.45 in
Wed Sep 3071° 52°0.23 in—73° 59°77° 60°73° 58°~72° 57°
Thu Oct 163° 43°—64° 52°65° 53°62° 51°~63° 54°
Fri Oct 264° 47°—65° 48°64° 48°0.02 in64° 46°~62° 49°
Sat Oct 363° 47°—72° 50°0.06 in65° 52°0.06 in~65° 47°~66° 51°0.11 in
Sun Oct 460° 43°—64° 51°60° 47°0.03 in~68° 55°~62° 50°
Mon Oct 560° 44°—55° 41°0.03 in59° 41°~65° 46°~57° 35°
Tue Oct 6——49° 46°0.92 in65° 47°0.01 in~72° 55°~68° 50°0.02 in
Wed Oct 7——57° 50°0.08 in67° 50°0.01 in~67° 58°0.02 in~63° 55°0.19 in
Thu Oct 8——~54° 46°—~49° 45°0.01 in~70° 45°
Fri Oct 9——~58° 40°—~46° 35°~77° 47°
Sat Oct 10——~44° 36°—~58° 36°~73° 50°
Sun Oct 11——~42° 33°—~60° 46°~60° 42°
Mon Oct 12——~42° 26°—~48° 47°~63° 36°
Tue Oct 13——~44° 29°———

A ~ marks a high or low read from six-hourly steps, which miss the true extreme by a degree or two.

ECMWF ensemble meteogram

ECMWF ensemble meteogram for this place: box plots of cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and temperature from the 51 ensemble members for ten days.
Rendered by ECMWF from its 51-member ensemble, in metric units: each box spans the middle half of the members, the whiskers the rest, the line the control run. A forecast, not an observation. © ECMWF, CC BY 4.0.

The next 90 days

NOAA GHCN normals and records at Appleton Municip (AQP) · Climate Prediction Center outlooks

No forecast has skill day by day past about two weeks, and this page does not print one. Where the models stop, the calendar takes over: the 1991 to 2020 normal for each date, the record high and low ever set on it, and where the Climate Prediction Center leans warm, cool, wet or dry over the coming weeks, the month and the season. A site that shows a high for a date three months out is showing you this normal with a wobble.

The forecast reaches Tue Oct 13, from the NWS grid, then the National Blend, then the mean of the global models. Beyond it the lines are the calendar.

Climate Prediction Center (CPC) temperature lean40%warmer 33% · Oct 202640% chance above normal · Oct to Dec-20°0°20°40°60°80°TodayOct 1Nov 1Dec 1

Forecast high and lowNormal high and lowRecord high and lowCPC leans warmer than normalCPC near normal or equal chances

Week ofNormalWarmest on recordColdest on recordTemperature leanPrecipitation lean
Sep 2871° / 42°95° (1897)14° (1899)33% chance above normal · Oct 2026equal chances · Oct 2026
Oct 567° / 42°94° (2015)10° (1935)40% chance above normal · days 8 to 1440% chance below normal · days 8 to 14
Oct 1258° / 35°88° (1958)9° (2022)33% chance above normal · Oct 2026equal chances · Oct 2026
Oct 1959° / 35°90° (2003)9° (1913)33% chance above normal · Oct 2026equal chances · Oct 2026
Oct 2653° / 32°84° (1922)-1° (1919)33% chance above normal · Oct 2026equal chances · Oct 2026
Nov 249° / 28°82° (2020)-9° (1991)40% chance above normal · Oct to Decequal chances · Oct to Dec
Nov 941° / 23°74° (1999)-15° (1921)40% chance above normal · Oct to Decequal chances · Oct to Dec
Nov 1642° / 23°75° (2001)-20° (1921)40% chance above normal · Oct to Decequal chances · Oct to Dec
Nov 2334° / 16°68° (1914)-21° (1893)40% chance above normal · Oct to Decequal chances · Oct to Dec
Nov 3033° / 15°73° (1939)-29° (1893)40% chance above normal · Oct to Decequal chances · Oct to Dec
Dec 730° / 9°64° (1939)-34° (1917)40% chance above normal · Oct to Decequal chances · Oct to Dec
Dec 1428° / 11°61° (1939)-35° (1983)40% chance above normal · Oct to Decequal chances · Oct to Dec
Dec 2126° / 6°57° (2020)-34° (1916)40% chance above normal · Oct to Decequal chances · Oct to Dec

Health and activities

Rules of thumb over the next 24 hours of forecast, the warnings in force, the station’s report, air quality and pollen

None of these is a measurement. Each is a rating of the forecast ahead, and of what is happening at the point right now, against what the activity or the ailment is known to mind, and each names the figure that decided it. An ailment or a pest is rated as a risk, low to extreme; an activity, a chore or a journey as a condition, poor to ideal.

Each rating says which span it is for: the rest of today’s daylight, tonight, or the next 24 hours.

Health

  • Arthritisnext 24 hModeratehumid
  • Sinus pressurenext 24 hModeratehumid
  • Common coldtodayLowmild
  • FlutodayLowmild
  • Migrainenext 24 hLowsteady conditions
  • Asthmanext 24 hLowclean air
  • Heat stresstodayLowmild
  • SunburntodayLowweak sun
  • Frostbitenext 24 hLowmild
  • SleepingtonightVery goodDense Fog Advisory in force

Outdoors

  • RunningtodayGoodhumid
  • HikingtodayIdealfine conditions
  • BikingtodayIdealfine conditions
  • GolftodayIdealfine conditions
  • FishingtodayIdealfine conditions
  • Boating and paddlingtodayPoorlow visibility
  • Beach and pooltodayGoodmostly cloudy
  • CampingtonightVery goodDense Fog Advisory in force
  • StargazingtonightPoorDense Fog Advisory in force

Travel

  • Air travelnext 24 hPoorDense Fog Advisory in force
  • Drivingnext 24 hPoorDense Fog Advisory in force

Home and garden

  • Lawn mowingtodayIdealfine conditions
  • GardeningtodayIdealfine conditions
  • Outdoor entertainingtodayVery goodhumid
  • Drying laundry outsidetodayFairhumid
  • Painting and outdoor projectstodayVery goodhumid
  • FrosttonightLowmild

Pests

  • MosquitoestodayVery highwarm
  • TickstodayVery highwarm
  • Indoor pestsnext 24 hLowmild
  • Outdoor peststodayHighhumid

Stargazing

Worked out from the NWS hourly forecast and the sun and moon

Tonight has no dark, clear hour without a bright moon in this forecast. Rated poor.

Night ofRatingDarkClear hoursClear and moonlessMoon litTransparency (est.)DewStrongest wind
MondayPoor8:48 PM to 5:41 AM0 of 9None93%9 h13 mph
TuesdayPoor8:46 PM to 5:43 AM0 of 9None87%9 h5 mph
WednesdayPoor8:44 PM to 5:44 AM0 of 9None79%3 h13 mph
ThursdayFair8:42 PM to 5:45 AM9 of 91 h from 9:00 PM70%Fair2 h3 mph
FridayFair8:40 PM to 5:47 AM4 of 92 h from 9:00 PM60%Fair3 h7 mph
SaturdayPoor8:38 PM to 5:48 AM0 of 9None49%6 h8 mph
SundayPoor8:36 PM to 5:49 AM0 of 9None39%8 h3 mph

Dark is the sun 18 degrees below the horizon; where it never gets that low, 12 degrees, marked nautical. Clear is sky cover of 20% or less. A bright moon is one above the horizon with a quarter or more of its disc lit. Transparency in the table is estimated from surface humidity (70% and 85% mark fair and poor) and visibility, since the forecast carries no haze or high cloud moisture. Seeing and transparency by hour, where shown, are Environment and Climate Change Canada’s astronomy forecast (regional model; seeing from cloud, wind shear, turbulence near the ground and the surface temperature trend; transparency from the moisture through the whole air column), under the Open Government Licence - Canada. Dew is the air within 2 °C of its dew point. Excellent is four or more clear moonless hours with good transparency; good is three; fair is one, or two clear hours.

Golden hour and blue hour

Computed from the sun and moon positions
DayBlue hour, morningGolden hour, morningGolden hour, eveningBlue hour, evening
Mon6:49 AM to 7:01 AM7:01 AM to 7:58 AM6:31 PM to 7:28 PM7:28 PM to 7:39 PM
Tue6:50 AM to 7:02 AM7:02 AM to 7:59 AM6:29 PM to 7:26 PM7:26 PM to 7:37 PM
Wed6:52 AM to 7:03 AM7:03 AM to 8:00 AM6:27 PM to 7:24 PM7:24 PM to 7:35 PM
Thu6:53 AM to 7:04 AM7:04 AM to 8:01 AM6:25 PM to 7:22 PM7:22 PM to 7:33 PM
Fri6:54 AM to 7:06 AM7:06 AM to 8:03 AM6:23 PM to 7:20 PM7:20 PM to 7:32 PM
Sat6:55 AM to 7:07 AM7:07 AM to 8:04 AM6:21 PM to 7:18 PM7:18 PM to 7:30 PM
Sun6:57 AM to 7:08 AM7:08 AM to 8:05 AM6:19 PM to 7:17 PM7:17 PM to 7:28 PM
NESWSRSSMRMS
  • SR Sunrise 7:19 AM, 92° E
  • SS Sunset 7:10 PM, 268° W
  • MR Moonrise 7:45 PM, 64° ENE
  • MS Moonset 9:44 AM, 292° WNW
  • Waning gibbous, 95% lit

Golden hour is the sun between 6 degrees above the horizon and 4 degrees below it; blue hour is the sun between 4 and 6 degrees below. These are the definitions timeanddate.com and PhotoPills use. Directions are degrees clockwise from true north, where the sun’s upper edge and the moon’s center cross a flat horizon; hills and buildings change both. None means the sun does not reach that height on the day; all day means it stays inside the band.

Drone flying

NWS hourly forecast, SWPC Kp, FAA TFRs and 14 CFR Part 107

This hour: no-fly (visibility under 3 miles (107.51), low cloud limits height (107.51), night: lighting and night training required (107.29)). Next good stretch: Wed 8 AM to 7 PM, 11 hours.

Today: civil twilight for Part 107 6:49 AM to sunrise 7:19 AM, and sunset 7:10 PM to 7:40 PM. Anti-collision lighting is required in those minutes and at night.

Mon6 AM12 PM6 PM
Tue12 AM6 AM12 PM6 PM
Wed12 AM6 AM12 PM6 PM

Good Caution No-fly

HourVerdictWind (mph)400 ft est. (mph)Gust (mph)RainVisibilityCloud allowsTempKpWhy
Mon 3 AMNo-fly2697%2.3 miup to 0 ft58°visibility under 3 miles (107.51), low cloud limits height (107.51), night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Mon 4 AMNo-fly38127%1.8 miup to 0 ft55°visibility under 3 miles (107.51), low cloud limits height (107.51), night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Mon 5 AMNo-fly38137%0.7 miup to 0 ft58°visibility under 3 miles (107.51), low cloud limits height (107.51), night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Mon 6 AMNo-fly57118%0.5 miup to 0 ft58°visibility under 3 miles (107.51), low cloud limits height (107.51), night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Mon 7 AMNo-fly68138%0.5 miup to 0 ft58°visibility under 3 miles (107.51), low cloud limits height (107.51), civil twilight: lighting required (107.29)
Mon 8 AMNo-fly68149%1.0 miup to 0 ft59°visibility under 3 miles (107.51), low cloud limits height (107.51)
Mon 9 AMGood710168%7 mi400 ft61°nothing against it
Mon 10 AMCaution913198%9 mi400 ft63°gusts near or over your limit
Mon 11 AMCaution1013207%10 mi400 ft65°gusts near or over your limit
Mon 12 PMCaution1217247%10 mi400 ft67°gusts near or over your limit
Mon 1 PMCaution1217245%10 mi400 ft68°gusts near or over your limit
Mon 2 PMNo-fly1318255%10 mi400 ft70°gusts near or over your limit, wind at 400 ft near or over your limit
Mon 3 PMNo-fly1318256%10 mi400 ft71°gusts near or over your limit, wind at 400 ft near or over your limit
Mon 4 PMNo-fly1318256%10 mi400 ft71°gusts near or over your limit, wind at 400 ft near or over your limit
Mon 5 PMNo-fly1217256%10 mi400 ft72°gusts near or over your limit
Mon 6 PMNo-fly1217257%10 mi400 ft70°gusts near or over your limit
Mon 7 PMNo-fly1217253%10 mi400 ft69°gusts near or over your limit, night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Mon 8 PMNo-fly1217262%10 mi400 ft67°gusts near or over your limit, night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Mon 9 PMNo-fly1318285%10 mi400 ft65°gusts near or over your limit, wind at 400 ft near or over your limit, night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Mon 10 PMNo-fly1318265%10 mi400 ft65°gusts near or over your limit, wind at 400 ft near or over your limit, night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Mon 11 PMNo-fly1318285%10 mi400 ft64°gusts near or over your limit, wind at 400 ft near or over your limit, night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Tue 12 AMNo-fly1318263%10 mi400 ft64°gusts near or over your limit, wind at 400 ft near or over your limit, night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Tue 1 AMNo-fly1217254%10 mi400 ft63°gusts near or over your limit, night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Tue 2 AMNo-fly1318269%10 mi400 ft62°gusts near or over your limit, wind at 400 ft near or over your limit, night: lighting and night training required (107.29)

Flight restrictions nearby

Reading the FAA’s temporary flight restrictions.

Flight restrictions on the map. TFRs are not the whole picture: controlled airspace around airports needs LAANC authorization. Check the FAA’s B4UFLY.

Wind at 400 ft is estimated from the 10 m forecast by the power law, with exponents for each Pasquill stability class (Irwin 1979, rural, as in EPA dispersion models; the class from wind, sun height and cloud, after Turner 1970); gusts keep the ground gust’s margin. Caution from three quarters of your limit; the default 24 mph is the wind resistance printed for common sub-250 g drones. 14 CFR 107.51: “The minimum flight visibility, as observed from the location of the control station must be no less than 3 statute miles” and at least “500 feet below the cloud”. 14 CFR 107.29: “No person may operate a small unmanned aircraft system during periods of civil twilight unless the small unmanned aircraft has lighted anti-collision lighting visible for at least 3 statute miles”; civil twilight is the 30 minutes before sunrise and after sunset, in Alaska the Air Almanac’s. Kp: SWPC’s scales say satellite navigation problems may occur at G3 (Kp 7) and navigation is “degraded for hours” at G4 (Kp 8); Kp 5 is the typical app warning. Typical limits, not rules: rain chance 30% caution and 60% no-fly, thunder 10% and 20%, below 0 °C caution and −10 °C no-fly, over 40 °C caution. Your drone’s manual and the airspace come first.

Spraying and field work

Worked out from the NWS hourly forecast

Hours fit for spraying, and the days dry enough for fieldwork and hay, read from this forecast’s wind, gusts, humidity, temperature and rain.

Spraying windows

  • Thu 5 PM to Fri 12 AM 7 hours, every hour within the rules
  • Fri 10 AM to 11 PM 13 hours, every hour within the rules
  • Sun 4 PM to 9 PM 5 hours, every hour within the rules
Mon6 AM12 PM6 PM
Tue12 AM6 AM12 PM6 PM
Wed12 AM6 AM12 PM6 PM
Thu12 AM6 AM12 PM6 PM

Good Marginal No

Field days

DayDaytimeChance of rainRainLowest humidityStrongest windDry days in a rowHay drying
MondayDry9%0.00 in76%13 mph1 d
TuesdayWet78%0.64 in93%12 mph
WednesdayShowers possible29%0.23 in73%5 mph
ThursdayDry0%0.00 in46%14 mph5 dGood
FridayDry3%0.00 in50%7 mph4 dGood
SaturdayDry11%0.00 in65%14 mph3 d
SundayDry7%0.00 in67%10 mph2 d
MondayDry6%0.00 in69%10 mph1 d

Spraying: sustained wind 3 to 10 mph, the range US extension services and most labels give; gusts no more than 15 mph (this page’s limit); delta T (air minus wet-bulb temperature) 2 to 8 °C preferred and 8 to 10 °C marginal, from GRDC guidance, with the wet bulb by Stull’s formula; no hour at a 30% chance of rain or 0.25 mm forecast during the rain-free time. Follow the product label, which overrides all of this. Field days: dry is no daytime hour at a 30% chance and under 1 mm all day, wet is 6 mm (0.25 in) or more; soil moisture is not in the forecast, so ground still wet from earlier rain is not accounted for. Hay drying marks a dry day with humidity down to 50% and a breeze of 5 mph or more.

Solunar times

Computed from the moon’s position

The best-rated day this week is Monday, rated good.

DayRatingMajor periodsMinor periodsMoonSunrise, sunset
Mon Good1:25 AM to 3:25 AM1:50 PM to 3:50 PM9:14 AM to 10:14 AM7:15 PM to 8:15 PM 95%7:19 AM, 7:10 PM
Tue Good2:17 AM to 4:17 AM2:44 PM to 4:44 PM10:34 AM to 11:34 AM7:46 PM to 8:46 PM 90%7:20 AM, 7:08 PM
Wed Poor3:13 AM to 5:13 AM3:43 PM to 5:43 PM11:54 AM to 12:54 PM8:25 PM to 9:25 PM 82%7:21 AM, 7:06 PM
Thu Fair4:13 AM to 6:13 AM4:44 PM to 6:44 PM1:10 PM to 2:10 PM9:17 PM to 10:17 PM 73%7:22 AM, 7:04 PM
Fri Fair5:16 AM to 7:16 AM5:47 PM to 7:47 PM2:15 PM to 3:15 PM10:21 PM to 11:21 PM 64%7:24 AM, 7:02 PM
Sat Fair6:18 AM to 8:18 AM6:48 PM to 8:48 PM3:07 PM to 4:07 PM 53%7:25 AM, 7:00 PM
Sun Fair7:18 AM to 9:18 AM7:46 PM to 9:46 PM11:36 PM to 12:36 AM3:46 PM to 4:46 PM 43%7:26 AM, 6:59 PM

Periods in bold fall within an hour of sunrise or sunset. The weather’s side is the fishing index

Major periods are two hours centered on the moon’s passage overhead and underfoot; minor periods are one hour centered on moonrise and moonset: the conventional durations of John Alden Knight’s solunar tables (1936). The rating is this site’s: one point to start, two more within a day and a half of a new or full moon (one more within three and a half days), and one more when a period falls within an hour of sunrise or sunset. The theory has mixed support in fisheries research; the times are exact astronomy.

In words

NWS forecast periods, as issued
  1. Overnight54° · 7% · SE 0–5 mph

    Patchy fog. Mostly cloudy. Low around 54, with temperatures rising to around 58 overnight. Southeast wind 0 to 5 mph.

  2. Monday72° · 9% · SSE 5–15 mph

    Areas of fog before 9am. Mostly cloudy, with a high near 72. South southeast wind 5 to 15 mph.

  3. Monday Night60° · 39% · SSE 10–15 mph

    A slight chance of rain showers between 3am and 4am, then a chance of showers and thunderstorms. Mostly cloudy, with a low around 60. South southeast wind 10 to 15 mph. Chance of precipitation is 40%. New rainfall amounts less than a tenth of an inch possible.

  4. Tuesday68° · 83% · SSE 10–15 mph

    Showers and thunderstorms before 8am, then patchy fog and showers and thunderstorms. Cloudy, with a high near 68. South southeast wind 10 to 15 mph. Chance of precipitation is 80%. New rainfall amounts between a half and three quarters of an inch possible.

  5. Tuesday Night57° · 27% · SSW 0–5 mph

    A chance of rain showers between 7pm and 1am. Cloudy, with a low around 57. South southwest wind 0 to 5 mph. Chance of precipitation is 30%. New rainfall amounts between a quarter and half of an inch possible.

  6. Wednesday71° · 29% · WSW 0–5 mph

    A chance of rain showers after 7am. Mostly cloudy, with a high near 71. West southwest wind 0 to 5 mph. Chance of precipitation is 30%. New rainfall amounts between a tenth and quarter of an inch possible.

  7. Wednesday Night52° · 23% · WNW 5–15 mph

    A slight chance of rain showers before 7pm. Mostly cloudy, with a low around 52. West northwest wind 5 to 15 mph. Chance of precipitation is 20%. New rainfall amounts between a tenth and quarter of an inch possible.

  8. Thursday63° · 3% · NW 10–15 mph

    Mostly sunny, with a high near 63. Northwest wind 10 to 15 mph.

  9. Thursday Night43° · NW 0–5 mph

    Mostly clear, with a low around 43. Northwest wind 0 to 5 mph.

  10. Friday64° · 3% · WSW 0–5 mph

    Sunny, with a high near 64. West southwest wind 0 to 5 mph.

  11. Friday Night47° · 3% · SSE 5 mph

    Mostly clear, with a low around 47. South southeast wind around 5 mph.

  12. Saturday63° · 10% · SSE 10–15 mph

    Mostly sunny, with a high near 63. South southeast wind 10 to 15 mph.

  13. Saturday Night47° · 11% · SSW 5–10 mph

    Partly cloudy, with a low around 47. South southwest wind 5 to 10 mph.

  14. Sunday60° · 10% · NW 5–10 mph

    Mostly sunny, with a high near 60. Northwest wind 5 to 10 mph.

The forecaster’s discussion

NWS Twin Cities, MN · issued Sep 28, 3:00 AM CDT

Written by the forecaster on duty for their own colleagues and for anyone who wants to know why the forecast says what it says. It is not edited for the public, so it uses the office’s shorthand; it is also the most honest thing any weather service publishes.

KEY Messages

Dense fog ongoing this morning will begin to dissipate by 9-10am.

Rain likely beginning Tuesday with chances lingering into Wednesday, especially in southern MN.

Temperatures near to just above average through next week.

Discussion

300 AM CDT Mon Sep 28 2026

Dense fog is the main story this morning thanks to calm winds and relatively warm dew points, which has allowed temperatures to immediately crash down to dew points resulting in significant radiation fog. Nighttime microphysics satellite imagery shows a bank of stratus stretching across portions of southern MN with the dense fog forming quickly as soon as the cloud cover retreats, and as of around 230am local time the fog has become so dense in spots that it is widespread within the satellite imagery as well. With the fog incredibly dense, it will also take awhile to burn off this morning as temperatures will be very slow to rise due to lack of solar insolation as well as being past the autumn equinox meaning our sun angle is becoming weaker by the day. Once the fog burns off, we should see temperatures rebound quickly with highs today in the upper 60s to low 70s which is just a touch above average for this time of year.

The leading edge of potential rain showers arrives overnight tonight into early Tuesday as a surface low begins to develop along the leading edge of an approaching trough, reaching eastern Minnesota by the late morning to early afternoon and continuing to spread eastwards later in the day. A strong Canadian low will spin up late Tuesday into Wednesday and when combined with the boundary already over the area from the initial weaker surface low, could result in some training rain showers and potential localized flooding. At this point the most likely area for training rainfall would be south/southeast Minnesota into western Wisconsin, however over the last 24 hours guidance has trended slightly northwards compared to the last few days. As a result of this northward shift within primarily the GFS/GEFS, the NBM QPF forecast has also increased with the highest rainfall amounts over southern/southeast Minnesota and western WI on the order of 2 or more inches. While the exact numbers are still changing with each forecast package, the overall trend is the thing to monitor for now. As far as convection is concerned, forecast soundings show a small sliver of instability which could result in some rumbles of thunder, however the profile is very saturated with very high PWATS indicative of a rain loaded atmosphere as opposed to a convective one. We are also still relatively warm which will result in a higher freezing level, and with our lack of instability we may not see an individual updraft on a mesoscale strong enough to produce much in the way of lightning. We expect most of the area to see at least a half inch of rainfall with the lowest amounts in western Minnesota before the boundary stalls into Wednesday over the south/eastern part of our area.

Behind the departing system towards the late week and next weekend, temperatures will cool down with highs falling back into the low to mid 60s with a lack of other significant rainfall on the horizon. Ensemble guidance shows relatively little in the way of precipitation until at least Sunday of next weekend, and even then it is a minority of ensemble membership within the GEFS/EPS showing any precip at all, let alone measurable. This continues throughout the rest of the period with no significant precipitation signals throughout, rather we stay in the 60s for highs and upper 40s to low 50s for lows without any significant weather systems through the rest of the period.

Aviation · 06Z TAFs Through 12Z Tuesday

1205 AM CDT Mon Sep 28 2026

Dense fog has started to settle in across the area for mostly all terminals. LIFR categories have already been met at western WI and central MN terminals with VIS below 1/2 SM with instances of below 1/4 SM. Dense fog will hold through the mid morning hours, with slight and gradual improvements after sunrise. VIS conditions will eventually become P6SM by 14-15z timeframe. MVFR with isolated instances of IFR CIGS hold and stick around through much of the day with improvements to VFR during the late afternoon and evening timeframe.

KMSP...Expect IFR conditions overnight from both ceilings & mist, but still uncertain just how poor conditions could become. Dense fog is more likely in the river valleys, but could spread onto the runways if skies remain clear for a few hours tonight. Otherwise, the greatest impacts look to be from low ceilings after midnight through 8-9 AM.

/OUTLOOK FOR KMSP/ TUE...MVFR/-SHRA likely, chc IFR. Wind SE 5-10G20 kts. WED...VFR, chc -SHRA/MVFR. Wind S to SE 5-10 kts. THU...VFR. Wind NW 10-20 kts.

MPX Watches / Warnings / Advisories

MN...Dense Fog Advisory until 10 AM CDT this morning for Anoka- Benton-Blue Earth-Brown-Carver-Chippewa-Chisago-Dakota- Douglas-Goodhue-Hennepin-Isanti-Kanabec-Kandiyohi-Lac Qui Parle-Le Sueur-McLeod-Meeker-Mille Lacs-Morrison-Nicollet- Pope-Ramsey-Redwood-Renville-Rice-Scott-Sherburne-Sibley- Stearns-Steele-Stevens-Swift-Todd-Waseca-Washington- Watonwan-Wright-Yellow Medicine. WI...Dense Fog Advisory until 10 AM CDT this morning for Barron- Chippewa-Dunn-Eau Claire-Pepin-Pierce-Polk-Rusk-St. Croix.

Hazardous weather outlook Sep 28, 3:03 AM CDT

The office’s own seven-day heads-up for spotters and emergency managers.

FLUS43 KMPX 280803
HWOMPX

Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
303 AM CDT Mon Sep 28 2026

MNZ041>045-047>070-073>078-082>085-091>093-WIZ014>016-023>028-
290815-
Douglas-Todd-Morrison-Mille Lacs-Kanabec-Stevens-Pope-Stearns-
Benton-Sherburne-Isanti-Chisago-Lac Qui Parle-Swift-Chippewa-
Kandiyohi-Meeker-Wright-Hennepin-Anoka-Ramsey-Washington-
Yellow Medicine-Renville-McLeod-Sibley-Carver-Scott-Dakota-
Redwood-Brown-Nicollet-Le Sueur-Rice-Goodhue-Watonwan-Blue Earth-
Waseca-Steele-Martin-Faribault-Freeborn-Polk-Barron-Rusk-
St. Croix-Pierce-Dunn-Pepin-Eau Claire-
303 AM CDT Mon Sep 28 2026

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of central and
southern Minnesota, and west central Wisconsin.

.DAY ONE...Today and Tonight.

Dense fog with areas of near-zero visibility will persist through
the late morning.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Tuesday through Sunday.

Localized flooding is possible due to sustained rainfall on
Wednesday/Thursday, favoring southern Minnesota.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SKYWARN spotter activation will not be needed.

$$

The outlooks beyond

SPC, WPC, CPC and the Drought Monitor, read at this point

The national centers each publish a judgment the local grid does not carry. Read here at this exact coordinate.

Severe weather

  1. Day 1 · Mon Sep 28General Thunderstorms Risk
  2. Day 2 · Tue Sep 29General Thunderstorms Risk
  3. Day 3 · Wed Sep 30General Thunderstorms Risk
  4. Day 4 · Thu Oct 1No risk area
  5. Day 5 · Fri Oct 2No risk area
  6. Day 6 · Sat Oct 3No risk area
  7. Day 7 · Sun Oct 4No risk area
  8. Day 8 · Mon Oct 5No risk area

Rainfall

  1. Day 1 · Mon Sep 280.10 in
  2. Day 2 · Tue Sep 290.25 in
  3. Day 3 · Wed Sep 300.25 in
  4. Day 4-5 · Oct 1–Oct 2Under 0.01 in
  5. Day 6-7 · Oct 3–Oct 4Under 0.01 in

The rainfall forecast on the map, days 1 to 7

Flash flood risk

  1. Day 1 · Mon Sep 28Below marginal
  2. Day 2 · Tue Sep 29Below marginal
  3. Day 3 · Wed Sep 30Marginal
  4. Day 4 · Thu Oct 1Below marginal
  5. Day 5 · Fri Oct 2Below marginal

Six to fourteen days

  1. Days 6–10 · TemperatureNear normal most likelyOct 3–Oct 7
  2. Days 6–10 · Precipitation33% chance below normalOct 3–Oct 7
  3. Days 8–14 · Temperature40% chance above normalOct 5–Oct 11
  4. Days 8–14 · Precipitation40% chance below normalOct 5–Oct 11

Drought

  1. Drought Monitor, map of Sep 22D2 Severe drought
  2. Outlook for Sep 2026Drought persists

Drought in this county: the map, the record since 2000 and the outlook

Frost and climate

NOAA 1991-2020 normals, Milan 1NW

The last spring freeze (32°F) usually comes around May 3 and the first fall freeze around October 2: a growing season of about 151 days.

One fall in ten brings a freeze by September 18; one spring in ten still has one after May 17.

Climate of 45.17, -96.00: normals, records and every month

Everything else on the grid

NWS forecast grid · 24 elements

The forecast office edits about sixty fields for every cell of its grid. The common ones are above; these are the rest, as the daily extreme, for anyone who needs the mixing height, the fire danger or the swell.

ElementMonTueWedThuFriSatSunMon
HeatRisk max1 · Minor0 · Little0 · Little0 · Little0 · Little0 · Little0 · Little0 · Little
Wet bulb globe temperature max69°68°70°58°58°58°56°
Heat index max72°71°
Wind chill min44°44°45°42°
Chance of thunder max7%21%4%4%1%7%7%4%
Cloud ceiling min-100 ft1,800 ft
Visibility min0.5 mi6 mi
Mixing height max2,800 ft1,700 ft1,900 ft4,900 ft3,800 ft2,900 ft3,200 ft2,500 ft
Transport wind max16 mph18 mph14 mph17 mph12 mph21 mph15 mph20 mph

Against the record

NOAA GHCN · Appleton Municip (AQP) · 4.2 mi away

Each forecast day against the same calendar date at the nearest long-record station: the 1991 to 2020 normal, and the record high and low with the year they were set.

DayForecastNormalRecord highRecord low
Mon Sep 2872° / 60°71° / 42°95° (1897)21° (1893)
Tue Sep 2968° / 57°71° / 43°95° (1897)14° (1899)
Wed Sep 3071° / 52°73° / 45°91° (1976)20° (1899)
Thu Oct 163° / 43°71° / 42°95° (2023)20° (2003)
Fri Oct 264° / 47°69° / 41°92° (2023)16° (1974)
Sat Oct 363° / 47°67° / 42°95° (1938)16° (1989)
Sun Oct 460° / 43°64° / 41°90° (2025)17° (1935)
Mon Oct 560° / 44°65° / 41°92° (1963)15° (1935)

Sun and moon

DayCivil twilightSunriseSunsetCivil twilightDaylightMoon
Mon6:49 AM7:19 AM7:10 PM7:39 PM11 h 51 min Waning gibbous · 95% lit
Tue6:50 AM7:20 AM7:08 PM7:37 PM11 h 48 min Waning gibbous · 90% lit
Wed6:52 AM7:21 AM7:06 PM7:35 PM11 h 45 min Waning gibbous · 82% lit
Thu6:53 AM7:22 AM7:04 PM7:33 PM11 h 42 min Waning gibbous · 73% lit
Fri6:54 AM7:24 AM7:02 PM7:32 PM11 h 38 min Waning gibbous · 64% lit
Sat6:55 AM7:25 AM7:00 PM7:30 PM11 h 35 min Last quarter · 53% lit
Sun6:57 AM7:26 AM6:59 PM7:28 PM11 h 33 min Last quarter · 43% lit
Mon6:58 AM7:27 AM6:57 PM7:26 PM11 h 30 min Waning crescent · 32% lit

Forecast from the National Weather Service forecast grid at api.weather.gov, updated by the local office through the day; the written periods and hourly digest are the NWS’s own. Outlooks from the Storm Prediction Center, the Weather Prediction Center and the Climate Prediction Center via NOAA’s map services. Records and normals from NOAA’s Global Historical Climatology Network. Sun and moon computed here. Place names from GeoNames (CC BY 4.0).

What is here

Seven days
The high, the low, the chance and amount of rain and snow, the wind and the forecaster’s words for each day and night, from the National Weather Service grid for the exact cell your town sits in.
Hour by hour
Temperature, what it feels like, dew point, humidity, chance and amount of precipitation, wind and gusts, sky cover, the chance of thunder, pressure, visibility and ceiling, as a chart and as a table, with nights shaded.
Everything else on the grid
The office edits about sixty fields for every cell. The ones the mainstream forecast pages leave out are here as a daily table: HeatRisk, wet bulb globe temperature, lightning activity, mixing height, transport wind, the fire weather indices, and at the coast the waves and swell.
The discussion
The Area Forecast Discussion the forecaster wrote to explain the forecast, in their own words, with the specialist annexes folded away. Also the office’s hazardous weather outlook.
Beyond the week
The Storm Prediction Center’s severe weather category for each of the next eight days, the Weather Prediction Center’s rainfall forecast to day seven and its winter storm severity, and the Climate Prediction Center’s odds for days six to fourteen, all read at your coordinate.
Against the record
Each forecast day beside the same date at the nearest long-record station: the thirty-year normal and the record high and low with their years, so a forecast high that would break a record says so.
The next 90 days
The forecast as far as the grid, the National Blend and the global models reach, and the calendar after that: the normal and the record for every date, with the Climate Prediction Center’s lean for the weeks, the month and the season drawn over them. No made-up highs for a date three months out.

Common questions

Where does this forecast come from?

From the National Weather Service forecast grid published at api.weather.gov, the same grid the local forecast office edits through the day and the source of every forecast on weather.gov. The written periods, the hourly digest and the forecaster’s discussion are the NWS’s own products, shown as issued. Nothing here is a blend a website made.

How far ahead does it go?

The grid runs seven days ahead, hour by hour for the first days and in three to six hour steps after that. The National Blend of Models carries the days to eleven and the global models to sixteen. Beyond that the page carries the national centers’ outlooks, severe weather to day eight, rainfall to day seven, and the Climate Prediction Center’s odds for the coming weeks, month and season, over a ninety-day calendar of the normal and the record for each date. No forecast has skill day by day past about two weeks, and this page does not print one.

Why is this different from the app on my phone?

Most forecast apps show a blend of models chosen by the company that makes the app. This page shows the forecast the local National Weather Service office issues, edited by the forecasters who will also issue the warnings, and it shows all of it rather than the six numbers that fit on a phone. The discussion explains the reasoning, which no app carries.

What is a place’s address here?

Every town has its own page, such as /forecast/us/oklahoma/oklahoma-city/, and every day at a town has one too. A ZIP code typed into the search goes to the town it belongs to. Any coordinate at all can be looked up, and the page names the nearest town.

What the weather actually was · Open the live radar · Where the data comes from