Current weather · Sep 30, 12:27 AM CDT

43.2880, -91.8840

65°

Light rain showers and chance of thunderstormsFeels like 65° · Humidity 98%NWS forecast for this hour; no recent station reportForecast by NWS La Crosse, WI · grid 43,37
High
72°
Low
60°
Rain today
86%
Sunrise
7:04 AM
Sunset
6:50 PM

Hour by hour

NWS forecast grid

Scroll sideways for more hours. Pick an hour for every number.

Every hour as a table48 hours
TimeWeatherTemperatureFeels likeDew pointHumidityChanceAmountSnowDirWindGustSky coverThunderPressureVisibilityCeiling
Wed 12 AMLight rain showers and chance of thunderstorms65°65°64°98%86%0.01 inSSW9 mph17 mph92%23%—5 mi1,700 ft
Wed 1 AMLight rain showers and slight chance of thunderstorms64°64°64°100%81%0.02 inSSW9 mph17 mph94%14%—5 mi1,100 ft
Wed 2 AMLight rain showers likely and slight chance of thunderstorms64°64°64°100%73%0.02 inS8 mph16 mph92%14%—5 mi1,000 ft
Wed 3 AMLight rain showers likely and slight chance of thunderstorms64°64°64°100%56%0.02 inS8 mph15 mph91%14%—6 mi600 ft
Wed 4 AMChance of light rain showers63°63°63°100%38%0.02 inSSW7 mph14 mph88%5%—5 mi600 ft
Wed 5 AMChance of light rain showers64°64°64°100%33%0.02 inSSW6 mph13 mph87%5%—5 mi600 ft
Wed 6 AMSlight chance of light rain showers64°64°64°100%24%0.02 inSSW6 mph12 mph85%5%—5 mi500 ft
Wed 7 AMSlight chance of light rain showers64°64°64°100%21%0.00 inSSW5 mph10 mph85%3%—4 mi400 ft
Wed 8 AMSlight chance of light rain showers65°65°65°100%15%0.00 inSSW5 mph10 mph79%3%—3 mi300 ft
Wed 9 AM65°65°65°100%12%0.00 inSSW5 mph9 mph73%3%—3.0 mi300 ft
Wed 10 AM66°66°66°100%11%0.00 inSW3 mph9 mph79%3%—4 mi400 ft
Wed 11 AM67°67°66°97%8%0.00 inSW3 mph8 mph77%3%—4 mi600 ft
Wed 12 PMSlight chance of light rain showers68°68°66°93%16%0.00 inSW3 mph8 mph82%3%—5 mi700 ft
Wed 1 PMChance of light rain showers69°69°67°93%27%0.00 inWSW3 mph8 mph78%6%—6 mi800 ft
Wed 2 PMChance of light rain showers70°70°67°89%26%0.00 inSW3 mph8 mph80%6%—6 mi900 ft
Wed 3 PMSlight chance of light rain showers71°71°66°84%20%0.00 inSW3 mph9 mph83%6%—6 mi1,000 ft
Wed 4 PMSlight chance of light rain showers71°71°67°87%20%0.00 inSSW3 mph9 mph86%6%—6 mi1,000 ft
Wed 5 PMSlight chance of light rain showers72°72°67°85%18%0.00 inSSW3 mph8 mph89%6%—4 mi900 ft
Wed 6 PMSlight chance of light rain showers70°70°66°86%22%0.00 inSSW1 mph6 mph90%6%—6 mi1,100 ft
Wed 7 PM69°69°66°91%12%0.01 inSSW1 mph5 mph93%4%—7 mi1,300 ft
Wed 8 PMSlight chance of light rain showers67°67°66°96%15%0.01 inSSW2 mph6 mph92%4%—6 mi1,400 ft
Wed 9 PMSlight chance of light rain showers66°66°66°100%22%0.01 inSW2 mph6 mph93%4%—6 mi1,400 ft
Wed 10 PMChance of light rain showers65°65°65°100%30%0.01 inSSW2 mph6 mph96%5%—6 mi1,500 ft
Wed 11 PMChance of light rain showers65°65°65°100%38%0.01 inWSW2 mph6 mph96%5%—5 mi1,700 ft
Thu 12 AMChance of moderate rain showers65°65°65°100%52%0.01 inWSW2 mph6 mph94%5%—4 mi1,900 ft
Thu 1 AMChance of light rain showers65°65°65°100%36%0.04 inW1 mph5 mph94%7%—2.9 mi2,100 ft
Thu 2 AMChance of light rain showers64°64°64°100%43%0.04 inW1 mph5 mph88%7%—3 mi1,900 ft
Thu 3 AMChance of moderate rain showers64°64°64°100%46%0.04 inWNW1 mph5 mph88%7%—3 mi1,800 ft
Thu 4 AMChance of moderate rain showers64°64°64°100%54%0.04 inNW2 mph5 mph93%3%—3 mi1,600 ft
Thu 5 AMChance of moderate rain showers64°64°64°100%46%0.04 inN2 mph5 mph92%3%—5 mi4,300 ft
Thu 6 AMChance of moderate rain showers62°62°62°100%47%0.04 inN2 mph6 mph91%3%—6 mi7,000 ft
Thu 7 AMChance of light rain showers62°62°62°99%40%0.00 inN2 mph7 mph93%2%—10 mi7,900 ft
Thu 8 AMChance of light rain showers62°62°62°100%30%0.00 inN3 mph8 mph87%2%——
Thu 9 AMSlight chance of light rain showers61°61°61°100%17%0.00 inN5 mph9 mph87%2%——
Thu 10 AM62°62°61°97%12%0.00 inN5 mph12 mph89%1%——
Thu 11 AM63°63°60°90%9%0.00 inN6 mph13 mph87%1%——
Thu 12 PM63°63°58°83%8%0.00 inN7 mph14 mph90%1%——
Thu 1 PM63°63°57°80%13%N8 mph15 mph90%2%——
Thu 2 PMSlight chance of light rain showers63°63°55°74%21%N9 mph16 mph92%2%——
Thu 3 PM64°64°54°69%0%N9 mph16 mph93%2%——
Thu 4 PM63°63°53°71%0%N9 mph16 mph90%——
Thu 5 PM62°62°52°70%0%N8 mph15 mph91%——
Thu 6 PM61°61°50°67%0%N7 mph14 mph89%——
Thu 7 PM59°59°49°69%2%N6 mph14 mph94%——
Thu 8 PM58°58°48°69%2%N7 mph14 mph96%——
Thu 9 PM57°57°47°69%2%N7 mph14 mph86%——
Thu 10 PM56°56°46°69%2%N7 mph14 mph76%——
Thu 11 PM55°55°45°68%2%N7 mph14 mph69%——

The next 16 days

NWS grid published Sep 29, 11:26 PM CDT to day 8, the National Blend of Models to day 10, the mean of GFS, ECMWF, ECMWF AI to day 16
  1. TodaySep 3072°60°Chance Rain Showers86%0.19 inwind 9 mph · gusts 17 mph
  2. ThuOct 165°47°Chance Rain Showers54%0.24 inwind 9 mph · gusts 16 mph
  3. FriOct 262°44°Sunny2%wind 7 mph · gusts 14 mph
  4. SatOct 363°49°Mostly Sunny9%wind 8 mph · gusts 15 mph
  5. SunOct 461°41°Sunny9%wind 9 mph · gusts 16 mph
  6. MonOct 559°45°Sunny2%wind 3 mph
  7. TueOct 661°52°Mostly Sunny5%wind 15 mph · gusts 22 mph
  8. WedOct 768°52°10%wind 9 mph · gusts 17 mph
  9. ThuOct 864°49°National Blend6%wind 7 mph · gusts 14 mph
  10. FriOct 963°48°National Blend5%wind 8 mph · gusts 14 mph
  11. SatOct 10~67°51°Model mean0.07 in
  12. SunOct 11~58°46°Model mean
  13. MonOct 12~52°39°Model mean0.03 in
  14. TueOct 13~57°40°Model mean0.02 in
  15. WedOct 14~70°57°Model mean
  16. ThuOct 15~74°57°Model mean

Right now

NWS grid for this hour · UV from the EPA · air quality from AirNow
  • Feels like65°
  • WindSSW 9 mphgusts 17 mph
  • Radar over this pointno reading
  • Humidity98%
  • Dew point64°
  • Pressure—
  • UV index—
  • Air quality—
  • Visibility5 mi
  • Sunrise and sunsetSunrise · Sunset · not yet up
  • Moonrise8:47 PMMoonset 11:59 AM
  • Moon phaseWaning gibbous82% lit

The National Blend of Models

NOAA NBM v5.0 · run of Sep 29, 7:00 PM CDT

NOAA’s weighted blend of every model it runs, to eleven days, with the chances the grid above does not carry. Where the local office’s grid reaches, its figure sits beneath the blend’s; where it does not, the blend stands alone.

  1. TodaySep 3072°60°NWS grid 72° / 60°rain 70%thunder 16%0.25 inwind 10 mph · gusts 18 mph
  2. ThuOct 165°48°NWS grid 65° / 47°rain 67%0.92 inwind 8 mph · gusts 16 mph
  3. FriOct 262°45°NWS grid 62° / 44°rain 2%wind 7 mph · gusts 15 mph
  4. SatOct 363°48°NWS grid 63° / 49°rain 6%wind 7 mph · gusts 13 mph
  5. SunOct 463°42°NWS grid 61° / 41°rain 6%wind 8 mph · gusts 14 mph
  6. MonOct 559°45°NWS grid 59° / 45°rain 1%wind 3 mph · gusts 9 mph
  7. TueOct 662°52°NWS grid 61° / 52°rain 10%wind 14 mph · gusts 21 mph
  8. WedOct 766°51°NWS grid 68° / 52°rain 12%wind 9 mph · gusts 18 mph
  9. ThuOct 864°49°Beyond the NWS gridrain 6%wind 7 mph · gusts 14 mph
  10. FriOct 963°48°Beyond the NWS gridrain 5%wind 8 mph · gusts 14 mph
  11. SatOct 1061°—Beyond the NWS gridrain 11%wind 9 mph · gusts 15 mph
41°59°77°WedThuFriSatSunMonTueWed

BlendNWS gridChance of rain, hourly

The models, side by side

HRRR Sep 29, 7:00 PM CDT · GFS Sep 29, 1:00 PM CDT · GEFS Sep 29, 1:00 PM CDT · ECMWF Sep 29, 7:00 AM CDT · ECMWF AI Sep 29, 7:00 AM CDT

Each line is one model’s own forecast at its own grid cell: three kilometers for HRRR, a quarter of a degree for the global models, which can sit a few hundred meters above or below the town. Where they agree the forecast is settled; where they part is where it is not.

32°55°77°WedThuFriSatSunMonTueWed

DayNWS gridHRRRGFSGEFSECMWFECMWF AI
Today Sep 3072° 60°0.19 in72° 64°0.28 in71° 64°0.75 in72° 64°0.41 in74° 64°0.20 in~72° 65°0.15 in
Thu Oct 165° 47°0.24 in65° 55°0.12 in66° 55°0.98 in64° 56°0.22 in64° 54°0.25 in~66° 60°0.48 in
Fri Oct 262° 44°—58° 44°60° 45°62° 47°~62° 46°
Sat Oct 363° 49°—63° 44°62° 46°0.01 in64° 46°~65° 47°0.03 in
Sun Oct 461° 41°—57° 43°60° 47°61° 50°~66° 49°
Mon Oct 559° 45°—55° 36°57° 40°~57° 41°~60° 38°
Tue Oct 661° 52°—58° 39°60° 44°0.02 in~61° 45°~64° 47°0.01 in
Wed Oct 768° 52°—67° 50°68° 52°0.06 in~65° 55°~74° 57°0.01 in
Thu Oct 8——65° 48°65° 51°0.03 in~69° 54°~71° 53°
Fri Oct 9——58° 43°~61° 47°0.01 in~71° 49°~66° 41°
Sat Oct 10——~59° 43°—~75° 61°~67° 48°0.22 in
Sun Oct 11——~64° 46°—~63° 53°~46° 40°
Mon Oct 12——~52° 38°—~53° 48°0.09 in~51° 31°
Tue Oct 13——~57° 38°—~59° 50°0.05 in~56° 33°
Wed Oct 14——~70° 57°—~49° 44°~43° 41°
Thu Oct 15——~74° 57°———

A ~ marks a high or low read from six-hourly steps, which miss the true extreme by a degree or two.

ECMWF ensemble meteogram

ECMWF ensemble meteogram for this place: box plots of cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and temperature from the 51 ensemble members for ten days.
Rendered by ECMWF from its 51-member ensemble, in metric units: each box spans the middle half of the members, the whiskers the rest, the line the control run. A forecast, not an observation. © ECMWF, CC BY 4.0.

The next 90 days

NOAA GHCN normals and records at Decorah (DEH) · Climate Prediction Center outlooks

No forecast has skill day by day past about two weeks, and this page does not print one. Where the models stop, the calendar takes over: the 1991 to 2020 normal for each date, the record high and low ever set on it, and where the Climate Prediction Center leans warm, cool, wet or dry over the coming weeks, the month and the season. A site that shows a high for a date three months out is showing you this normal with a wobble.

The forecast reaches Thu Oct 15, from the NWS grid, then the National Blend, then the mean of the global models. Beyond it the lines are the calendar.

Climate Prediction Center (CPC) temperature lean33%33%33%warmer 33% · Oct 202640% chance above normal · Oct to Dec-40°-20°0°20°40°60°80°TodayOct 1Nov 1Dec 1

Forecast high and lowNormal high and lowRecord high and lowCPC leans warmer than normal

Week ofNormalWarmest on recordColdest on recordTemperature leanPrecipitation lean
Sep 3069° / 45°94° (1963)15° (1935)33% chance above normal · Oct 2026equal chances · Oct 2026
Oct 766° / 38°89° (1963)16° (1917)33% chance above normal · days 8 to 1440% chance below normal · days 8 to 14
Oct 1462° / 38°87° (1897)13° (1952)33% chance above normal · Oct 2026equal chances · Oct 2026
Oct 2158° / 38°85° (1899)12° (1930)33% chance above normal · Oct 2026equal chances · Oct 2026
Oct 2853° / 34°87° (1937)-7° (1925)33% chance above normal · Oct 2026equal chances · Oct 2026
Nov 451° / 29°79° (1893)-9° (1951)40% chance above normal · Oct to Decequal chances · Oct to Dec
Nov 1146° / 29°75° (1999)-7° (1916)40% chance above normal · Oct to Decequal chances · Oct to Dec
Nov 1844° / 24°71° (1999)-9° (1898)40% chance above normal · Oct to Decequal chances · Oct to Dec
Nov 2540° / 22°67° (1998)-16° (1977)40% chance above normal · Oct to Decequal chances · Oct to Dec
Dec 235° / 18°65° (2012)-21° (1919)40% chance above normal · Oct to Decequal chances · Oct to Dec
Dec 933° / 17°69° (2021)-24° (1961)40% chance above normal · Oct to Decequal chances · Oct to Dec
Dec 1631° / 15°68° (2021)-27° (1932)40% chance above normal · Oct to Decequal chances · Oct to Dec
Dec 2331° / 12°57° (1984)-36° (1950)40% chance above normal · Oct to Decequal chances · Oct to Dec

Health and activities

Rules of thumb over the next 24 hours of forecast, the warnings in force, the station’s report, air quality and pollen

None of these is a measurement. Each is a rating of the forecast ahead, and of what is happening at the point right now, against what the activity or the ailment is known to mind, and each names the figure that decided it. An ailment or a pest is rated as a risk, low to extreme; an activity, a chore or a journey as a condition, poor to ideal.

Each rating says which span it is for: the rest of today’s daylight, tonight, or the next 24 hours.

Health

  • Arthritisnext 24 hModeratehumid
  • Sinus pressurenext 24 hModeratehumid
  • Common coldtodayLowmild
  • FlutodayLowmild
  • Migrainenext 24 hModeratehumid
  • Asthmanext 24 hLowclean air
  • Heat stresstodayLowmild
  • SunburntodayLowweak sun
  • Frostbitenext 24 hLowmild
  • SleepingtonightIdealcool, quiet night

Outdoors

  • RunningtodayGoodhumid
  • HikingtodayIdealfine conditions
  • BikingtodayIdealfine conditions
  • GolftodayIdealfine conditions
  • FishingtodayIdealfine conditions
  • Boating and paddlingtodayIdealfine conditions
  • Beach and pooltodayGoodmostly cloudy
  • CampingtonightFairrain overnight
  • StargazingtonightPoorovercast

Travel

  • Air travelnext 24 hIdealclear skies
  • Drivingnext 24 hIdealclear roads

Home and garden

  • Lawn mowingtodayIdealfine conditions
  • GardeningtodayIdealfine conditions
  • Outdoor entertainingtodayVery goodhumid
  • Drying laundry outsidetodayPoorhumid
  • Painting and outdoor projectstodayFairhumid
  • FrosttonightLowmild

Pests

  • MosquitoestodayVery highwarm
  • TickstodayVery highwarm
  • Indoor pestsnext 24 hLowmild
  • Outdoor peststodayHighhumid

Stargazing

Worked out from the NWS hourly forecast and the sun and moon

Tonight has no dark, clear hour without a bright moon in this forecast. Rated poor.

Night ofRatingDarkClear hoursClear and moonlessMoon litTransparency (est.)DewStrongest wind
WednesdayPoor8:25 PM to 5:30 AM0 of 10None79%10 h2 mph
ThursdayPoor8:23 PM to 5:31 AM0 of 10None70%7 mph
FridayPoor8:21 PM to 5:32 AM0 of 10None60%1 mph
SaturdayPoor8:20 PM to 5:34 AM1 of 10None49%Poor5 h5 mph
SundayGood8:18 PM to 5:35 AM10 of 105 h from 8:00 PM39%Fair1 h3 mph
MondayFair8:16 PM to 5:36 AM2 of 102 h from 8:00 PM29%Fair6 mph
TuesdayPoor8:14 PM to 5:37 AM0 of 10None20%4 h9 mph

Dark is the sun 18 degrees below the horizon; where it never gets that low, 12 degrees, marked nautical. Clear is sky cover of 20% or less. A bright moon is one above the horizon with a quarter or more of its disc lit. Transparency in the table is estimated from surface humidity (70% and 85% mark fair and poor) and visibility, since the forecast carries no haze or high cloud moisture. Seeing and transparency by hour, where shown, are Environment and Climate Change Canada’s astronomy forecast (regional model; seeing from cloud, wind shear, turbulence near the ground and the surface temperature trend; transparency from the moisture through the whole air column), under the Open Government Licence - Canada. Dew is the air within 2 °C of its dew point. Excellent is four or more clear moonless hours with good transparency; good is three; fair is one, or two clear hours.

Golden hour and blue hour

Computed from the sun and moon positions
DayBlue hour, morningGolden hour, morningGolden hour, eveningBlue hour, evening
Wed6:36 AM to 6:47 AM6:47 AM to 7:42 AM6:12 PM to 7:08 PM7:08 PM to 7:19 PM
Thu6:37 AM to 6:48 AM6:48 AM to 7:43 AM6:11 PM to 7:06 PM7:06 PM to 7:17 PM
Fri6:38 AM to 6:49 AM6:49 AM to 7:44 AM6:09 PM to 7:04 PM7:04 PM to 7:15 PM
Sat6:39 AM to 6:50 AM6:50 AM to 7:45 AM6:07 PM to 7:02 PM7:02 PM to 7:13 PM
Sun6:40 AM to 6:51 AM6:51 AM to 7:47 AM6:05 PM to 7:01 PM7:01 PM to 7:12 PM
Mon6:41 AM to 6:52 AM6:52 AM to 7:48 AM6:03 PM to 6:59 PM6:59 PM to 7:10 PM
Tue6:42 AM to 6:53 AM6:53 AM to 7:49 AM6:02 PM to 6:57 PM6:57 PM to 7:08 PM
NESWSRSSMRMS
  • SR Sunrise 7:04 AM, 93° E
  • SS Sunset 6:50 PM, 266° W
  • MR Moonrise 8:47 PM, 53° NE
  • MS Moonset 11:59 AM, 306° NW
  • Waning gibbous, 82% lit

Golden hour is the sun between 6 degrees above the horizon and 4 degrees below it; blue hour is the sun between 4 and 6 degrees below. These are the definitions timeanddate.com and PhotoPills use. Directions are degrees clockwise from true north, where the sun’s upper edge and the moon’s center cross a flat horizon; hills and buildings change both. None means the sun does not reach that height on the day; all day means it stays inside the band.

Drone flying

NWS hourly forecast, SWPC Kp, FAA TFRs and 14 CFR Part 107

This hour: no-fly (chance of rain, thunderstorms possible, gusts near or over your limit, night: lighting and night training required (107.29)). Next good stretch: Wed 2 PM to 6 PM, 4 hours.

Today: civil twilight for Part 107 6:34 AM to sunrise 7:04 AM, and sunset 6:50 PM to 7:20 PM. Anti-collision lighting is required in those minutes and at night.

Wed12 AM6 AM12 PM6 PM
Thu12 AM6 AM12 PM6 PM
Fri12 AM6 AM12 PM6 PM

Good Caution No-fly

HourVerdictWind (mph)400 ft est. (mph)Gust (mph)RainVisibilityCloud allowsTempKpWhy
Wed 12 AMNo-fly9132186%5 mi400 ft65°chance of rain, thunderstorms possible, gusts near or over your limit, night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Wed 1 AMNo-fly9132181%4.7 mi400 ft64°chance of rain, gusts near or over your limit, thunderstorms possible, night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Wed 2 AMNo-fly8122073%5 mi400 ft64°chance of rain, gusts near or over your limit, thunderstorms possible, night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Wed 3 AMCaution8121956%6 miup to 100 ft64°gusts near or over your limit, chance of rain, thunderstorms possible, low cloud limits height (107.51), night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Wed 4 AMCaution7101738%5 miup to 100 ft63°chance of rain, low cloud limits height (107.51), night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Wed 5 AMCaution681533%5 miup to 100 ft64°chance of rain, low cloud limits height (107.51), night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Wed 6 AMNo-fly681424%5 miup to 0 ft64°low cloud limits height (107.51), night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Wed 7 AMNo-fly571221%3.9 miup to 0 ft64°low cloud limits height (107.51), civil twilight: lighting required (107.29)
Wed 8 AMNo-fly561215%3.2 miup to 0 ft65°low cloud limits height (107.51)
Wed 9 AMNo-fly561112%3.0 miup to 0 ft65°visibility under 3 miles (107.51), low cloud limits height (107.51)
Wed 10 AMNo-fly341011%3.7 miup to 0 ft66°low cloud limits height (107.51)
Wed 11 AMCaution3498%4.4 miup to 100 ft67°low cloud limits height (107.51)
Wed 12 PMCaution351016%5 miup to 200 ft68°low cloud limits height (107.51)
Wed 1 PMCaution34927%6 miup to 300 ft69°low cloud limits height (107.51)
Wed 2 PMGood351026%6 mi400 ft70°nothing against it
Wed 3 PMGood351120%6 mi400 ft71°nothing against it
Wed 4 PMGood351120%6 mi400 ft71°nothing against it
Wed 5 PMGood351018%4.5 mi400 ft72°nothing against it
Wed 6 PMCaution12622%6 mi400 ft70°civil twilight: lighting required (107.29)
Wed 7 PMCaution12512%7 mi400 ft69°night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Wed 8 PMCaution23715%6 mi400 ft67°night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Wed 9 PMCaution23722%6 mi400 ft66°night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Wed 10 PMCaution23730%6 mi400 ft65°chance of rain, night: lighting and night training required (107.29)
Wed 11 PMCaution23738%5.0 mi400 ft65°chance of rain, night: lighting and night training required (107.29)

Flight restrictions nearby

Reading the FAA’s temporary flight restrictions.

Flight restrictions on the map. TFRs are not the whole picture: controlled airspace around airports needs LAANC authorization. Check the FAA’s B4UFLY.

Wind at 400 ft is estimated from the 10 m forecast by the power law, with exponents for each Pasquill stability class (Irwin 1979, rural, as in EPA dispersion models; the class from wind, sun height and cloud, after Turner 1970); gusts keep the ground gust’s margin. Caution from three quarters of your limit; the default 24 mph is the wind resistance printed for common sub-250 g drones. 14 CFR 107.51: “The minimum flight visibility, as observed from the location of the control station must be no less than 3 statute miles” and at least “500 feet below the cloud”. 14 CFR 107.29: “No person may operate a small unmanned aircraft system during periods of civil twilight unless the small unmanned aircraft has lighted anti-collision lighting visible for at least 3 statute miles”; civil twilight is the 30 minutes before sunrise and after sunset, in Alaska the Air Almanac’s. Kp: SWPC’s scales say satellite navigation problems may occur at G3 (Kp 7) and navigation is “degraded for hours” at G4 (Kp 8); Kp 5 is the typical app warning. Typical limits, not rules: rain chance 30% caution and 60% no-fly, thunder 10% and 20%, below 0 °C caution and −10 °C no-fly, over 40 °C caution. Your drone’s manual and the airspace come first.

Spraying and field work

Worked out from the NWS hourly forecast

Hours fit for spraying, and the days dry enough for fieldwork and hay, read from this forecast’s wind, gusts, humidity, temperature and rain.

Spraying windows

  • Thu 12 PM to 2 PM 2 hours, every hour within the rules
  • Thu 5 PM to Fri 6 PM 25 hours, every hour within the rules
  • Sat 10 AM to 10 PM 12 hours, every hour within the rules
  • Sun 11 AM to 3 PM 4 hours, every hour within the rules
  • Sun 4 PM to 7 PM 3 hours, every hour within the rules
  • Sun 10 PM to Mon 12 AM 2 hours, every hour within the rules
  • Wed 10 AM to 4 PM 6 hours, every hour within the rules
Wed12 AM6 AM12 PM6 PM
Thu12 AM6 AM12 PM6 PM
Fri12 AM6 AM12 PM6 PM
Sat12 AM6 AM12 PM6 PM

Good Marginal No

Field days

DayDaytimeChance of rainRainLowest humidityStrongest windDry days in a rowHay drying
WednesdayShowers possible27%0.19 in84%5 mph
ThursdayWet30%0.24 in67%9 mph
FridayDry0%0.00 in48%7 mph6 dGood
SaturdayDry9%0.00 in59%8 mph5 d
SundayDry1%0.00 in55%9 mph4 d
MondayDry2%0.00 in54%2 mph3 d
TuesdayDry5%0.00 in67%15 mph2 d
WednesdayDry6%0.00 in66%8 mph1 d

Spraying: sustained wind 3 to 10 mph, the range US extension services and most labels give; gusts no more than 15 mph (this page’s limit); delta T (air minus wet-bulb temperature) 2 to 8 °C preferred and 8 to 10 °C marginal, from GRDC guidance, with the wet bulb by Stull’s formula; no hour at a 30% chance of rain or 0.25 mm forecast during the rain-free time. Follow the product label, which overrides all of this. Field days: dry is no daytime hour at a 30% chance and under 1 mm all day, wet is 6 mm (0.25 in) or more; soil moisture is not in the forecast, so ground still wet from earlier rain is not accounted for. Hay drying marks a dry day with humidity down to 50% and a breeze of 5 mph or more.

Solunar times

Computed from the moon’s position

The best-rated day this week is Thursday, rated fair.

DayRatingMajor periodsMinor periodsMoonSunrise, sunset
Wed Poor2:56 AM to 4:56 AM3:25 PM to 5:25 PM11:29 AM to 12:29 PM8:17 PM to 9:17 PM 82%7:04 AM, 6:50 PM
Thu Fair3:56 AM to 5:56 AM4:27 PM to 6:27 PM12:43 PM to 1:43 PM9:09 PM to 10:09 PM 73%7:05 AM, 6:48 PM
Fri Fair4:58 AM to 6:58 AM5:30 PM to 7:30 PM1:48 PM to 2:48 PM10:13 PM to 11:13 PM 64%7:06 AM, 6:47 PM
Sat Fair6:01 AM to 8:01 AM6:31 PM to 8:31 PM2:41 PM to 3:41 PM11:27 PM to 12:27 AM 53%7:07 AM, 6:45 PM
Sun Fair7:01 AM to 9:01 AM7:29 PM to 9:29 PM3:22 PM to 4:22 PM 43%7:09 AM, 6:43 PM
Mon Fair7:57 AM to 9:57 AM8:23 PM to 10:23 PM12:44 AM to 1:44 AM3:54 PM to 4:54 PM 32%7:10 AM, 6:41 PM
Tue Poor8:48 AM to 10:48 AM9:13 PM to 11:13 PM2:02 AM to 3:02 AM4:21 PM to 5:21 PM 23%7:11 AM, 6:40 PM

Periods in bold fall within an hour of sunrise or sunset. The weather’s side is the fishing index

Major periods are two hours centered on the moon’s passage overhead and underfoot; minor periods are one hour centered on moonrise and moonset: the conventional durations of John Alden Knight’s solunar tables (1936). The rating is this site’s: one point to start, two more within a day and a half of a new or full moon (one more within three and a half days), and one more when a period falls within an hour of sunrise or sunset. The theory has mixed support in fisheries research; the times are exact astronomy.

In words

NWS forecast periods, as issued
  1. Overnight62° · 86% · S 6–9 mph

    Showers and thunderstorms. Cloudy. Low around 62, with temperatures rising to around 64 overnight. South wind 6 to 9 mph. Chance of precipitation is 90%. New rainfall amounts between a tenth and quarter of an inch possible.

  2. Wednesday72° · 27% · SW 6 mph

    A chance of rain showers. Mostly cloudy, with a high near 72. Southwest wind around 6 mph. Chance of precipitation is 30%. New rainfall amounts between a tenth and quarter of an inch possible.

  3. Wednesday Night60° · 54% · W 2 mph

    A chance of rain showers. Cloudy. Low around 60, with temperatures rising to around 64 overnight. West wind around 2 mph. Chance of precipitation is 50%. New rainfall amounts between a quarter and half of an inch possible.

  4. Thursday65° · 47% · N 2–9 mph

    A chance of rain showers before 3pm. Cloudy, with a high near 65. North wind 2 to 9 mph. Chance of precipitation is 50%. New rainfall amounts between a tenth and quarter of an inch possible.

  5. Thursday Night47° · 2% · N 7 mph

    Mostly cloudy, with a low around 47. North wind around 7 mph.

  6. Friday62° · N 3–7 mph

    Sunny, with a high near 62. North wind 3 to 7 mph.

  7. Friday Night44° · E 2 mph

    Partly cloudy, with a low around 44. East wind around 2 mph.

  8. Saturday63° · 5% · S 1–8 mph

    Mostly sunny, with a high near 63. South wind 1 to 8 mph.

  9. Saturday Night49° · 9% · W 5 mph

    Partly cloudy, with a low around 49. West wind around 5 mph.

  10. Sunday61° · 8% · NW 5–9 mph

    Sunny, with a high near 61. Northwest wind 5 to 9 mph.

  11. Sunday Night41° · 1% · NW 3 mph

    Mostly clear, with a low around 41. Northwest wind around 3 mph.

  12. Monday59° · 1% · E 2 mph

    Sunny, with a high near 59. East wind around 2 mph.

  13. Monday Night45° · 2% · S 1–6 mph

    Partly cloudy, with a low around 45. South wind 1 to 6 mph.

  14. Tuesday61° · 5% · S 7–15 mph

    Mostly sunny, with a high near 61. South wind 7 to 15 mph.

The forecaster’s discussion

NWS La Crosse, WI · issued Sep 29, 6:35 PM CDT

Written by the forecaster on duty for their own colleagues and for anyone who wants to know why the forecast says what it says. It is not edited for the public, so it uses the office’s shorthand; it is also the most honest thing any weather service publishes.

KEY Messages

Widespread rainfall potential increases this afternoon and lasts into Thursday. The heaviest rainfall is shifting further south but still could impact northeast Iowa into far southwest Wisconsin. The potential for 2+ inches of rain is still around 40-60% for these areas.

High temperatures will remain seasonal in the 60s to 70s.

Discussion

118 PM CDT Tue Sep 29 2026

This afternoon to Thursday: Widespread Rainfall

Light rain showers are moving east across Iowa and Minnesota at this time. This activity will reach the western portions of the forecast area here shortly and should continue to move east over the region the rest of today. This activity is forming in an axis of increased mid level moisture and it has synoptic support with PVA associated with shortwave troughs. This first initial round of rainfall likely will not be all that heavy, since instability will be very low today and PWAT values are still rising. Still, some areas may receive upwards of 0.50-0.75 inches of rain before sunrise tomorrow morning. As this first round of rain ends from west to east tonight, fog may form in its wake due to the increased surface moisture. The latest hi- res ensemble output has the higher potential for fog across central Minnesota, however there are members that bring the bank of fog into western Wisconsin into southeastern Minnesota. Any fog that does develop should dissipate a few hours after sunrise on Wednesday morning.

A break in the rainfall is likely for most of the forecast area on Wednesday before the second and heavier round of rainfall forms during the afternoon into Thursday morning. PWAT values will continue to climb into the 1.5-1.75 inch range with the potential for the far southern counties to approach 2 inches based on mean ensemble PWAT values. Model guidance is now finally starting to agree with the location for the heaviest rainfall and it has been trending further south compared to 24 hours ago. The EC/EC AIFS have been indicating that this corridor of heavy rain would mainly set up in Iowa into southern Wisconsin for multiple days whereas other model guidance has had no consistency with the placement of the heaviest rainfall. A majority of guidance is now leaning towards the southern solution and the trend may even continue to push the heaviest rain further south out of the CWA. If the heaviest rain still reaches our area, only the far southern counties are expected to get this rainfall and it should hold off until Wednesday night into Thursday morning based on the latest hi-res models. Rainfall amounts are still pretty uncertain, but the latest 29/13z NBM still indicates a 40-60% chance to reach or exceed 2 inches for Fayette county to Grant county. High end amounts from this system continues to be upwards of 3-4 inches so if those amounts are actually achieved, some flooding or river flooding concerns may arise. Rain will come to an end on Thursday from northwest to southeast as a cold front ushers in a drier airmass.

Friday into Early Next Week: Mostly Dry and Trending Cooler

The H300 jet stream is forecast to sit across southern Canada and may dig south at times into the Great Lakes region to northeastern US this weekend into early next week. With a cold front south of the local forecast area and some cooler air filtering in due to the troughing, daily high temperatures will be a few degrees cooler into early next week. The cooler air mass will be more noticeable at night with lows dropping into the 40s to 30s. As of now, Monday morning looks to be coolest morning over the next week with the coldest temperatures potentially approaching freezing across central Wisconsin. Mostly dry conditions are expected during this time frame with the exception being on Saturday as there are low chances for light rain showers over the northern half of the CWA.

Aviation · 00Z TAFs Through 00Z Thursday

630 PM CDT Tue Sep 29 2026

VFR to MVFR conditions currently present across the area as light showers overspread the Upper Mississippi Valley this evening. Showers will continue through the overnight hours with patchy fog and low stratus to build in behind them. As such, expect IFR to LIFR CIGs to build into the terminals during the late overnight hours into the early morning hours. These low CIGs will continue for much of the morning before gradually scattering out to VFR north of I-90. Along and south of I-90 may see some residual MVFR/potentially IFR CIGs where additional rain chances look to persist. These chances however look to remain south of the KLSE terminal across SW Wisconsin. Winds for much of the period will remain out of the south at less than 10 kts, veering to a more southwesterly direction late in the period.

ARX Watches / Warnings / Advisories

WI...None. MN...None. IA...None.

Hazardous weather outlook Sep 29, 1:42 PM CDT

The office’s own seven-day heads-up for spotters and emergency managers.

FLUS43 KARX 291842
HWOARX

Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service La Crosse WI
142 PM CDT Tue Sep 29 2026

IAZ008>011-MNZ079-086>088-094>096-WIZ017-029-032>034-041>044-
053>055-302245-
Mitchell-Howard-Winneshiek-Allamakee-Wabasha-Dodge-Olmsted-Winona-
Mower-Fillmore-Houston-Taylor-Clark-Buffalo-Trempealeau-Jackson-
La Crosse-Monroe-Juneau-Adams-Vernon-Crawford-Richland-
142 PM CDT Tue Sep 29 2026

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of southeast
Minnesota...northeast Iowa and southwest into central Wisconsin.

.DAY ONE...This Afternoon and Tonight

No hazardous weather is expected at this time.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Wednesday through Monday

No hazardous weather is expected at this time.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

No action needed.

.EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT COORDINATION...

No webinar is scheduled.

$$

IAZ018-019-029-030-WIZ061-302245-
Floyd-Chickasaw-Fayette-Clayton-Grant-
142 PM CDT Tue Sep 29 2026

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of north central
Iowa...northeast Iowa and southwest Wisconsin.

.DAY ONE...This Afternoon and Tonight

No hazardous weather is expected at this time.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Wednesday through Monday

Heavy rainfall is possible Wednesday into Thursday which could
result in localized flooding and river rises. Flash flooding is
possible where showers and storms frequent.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

No action needed.

.EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT COORDINATION...

No webinar is scheduled.

$$

The outlooks beyond

SPC, WPC, CPC and the Drought Monitor, read at this point

The national centers each publish a judgment the local grid does not carry. Read here at this exact coordinate.

Severe weather

  1. Day 1 · Wed Sep 30General Thunderstorms Risk
  2. Day 2 · Thu Oct 1General Thunderstorms Risk
  3. Day 3 · Fri Oct 2No risk area
  4. Day 4 · Sat Oct 3No risk area
  5. Day 5 · Sun Oct 4No risk area
  6. Day 6 · Mon Oct 5No risk area
  7. Day 7 · Tue Oct 6No risk area
  8. Day 8 · Wed Oct 7No risk area

Rainfall

  1. Day 1 · Wed Sep 300.10 in
  2. Day 2 · Thu Oct 10.50 in
  3. Day 3 · Fri Oct 2Under 0.01 in
  4. Day 4-5 · Oct 3–Oct 4Under 0.01 in
  5. Day 6-7 · Oct 5–Oct 6Under 0.01 in

The rainfall forecast on the map, days 1 to 7

Flash flood risk

  1. Day 1 · Wed Sep 30Marginal
  2. Day 2 · Thu Oct 1Marginal
  3. Day 3 · Fri Oct 2Below marginal
  4. Day 4 · Sat Oct 3Below marginal
  5. Day 5 · Sun Oct 4Below marginal

Six to fourteen days

  1. Days 6–10 · Temperature33% chance above normalOct 5–Oct 9
  2. Days 6–10 · Precipitation40% chance below normalOct 5–Oct 9
  3. Days 8–14 · Temperature33% chance above normalOct 7–Oct 13
  4. Days 8–14 · Precipitation40% chance below normalOct 7–Oct 13

Frost and climate

NOAA 1991-2020 normals, Decorah

The last spring freeze (32°F) usually comes around May 3 and the first fall freeze around October 7: a growing season of about 157 days.

One fall in ten brings a freeze by September 25; one spring in ten still has one after May 16.

Climate of 43.29, -91.88: normals, records and every month

Everything else on the grid

NWS forecast grid · 26 elements

The forecast office edits about sixty fields for every cell of its grid. The common ones are above; these are the rest, as the daily extreme, for anyone who needs the mixing height, the fire danger or the swell.

ElementWedThuFriSatSunMonTueWed
HeatRisk max1 · Minor1 · Minor0 · Little0 · Little0 · Little0 · Little0 · Little0 · Little
Wet bulb globe temperature max70°64°58°59°58°56°58°
Heat index max72°
Wind chill min45°45°47°41°42°
Chance of thunder max23%7%0%11%11%2%7%
Cloud ceiling min300 ft1,600 ft
Visibility min3.0 mi2.9 mi
Mixing height max2,000 ft2,200 ft3,500 ft3,400 ft4,100 ft3,500 ft3,000 ft
Transport wind max16 mph15 mph14 mph14 mph16 mph12 mph18 mph

Against the record

NOAA GHCN · Decorah (DEH) · 7.1 mi away

Each forecast day against the same calendar date at the nearest long-record station: the 1991 to 2020 normal, and the record high and low with the year they were set.

DayForecastNormalRecord highRecord low
Wed Sep 3072° / 60°72° / 46°91° (2023)18° (1899)
Thu Oct 165° / 47°70° / 46°92° (2023)24° (1920)
Fri Oct 262° / 44°69° / 44°92° (2023)19° (2003)
Sat Oct 363° / 49°69° / 45°92° (1997)24° (1948)
Sun Oct 461° / 41°68° / 43°92° (1997)21° (1935)
Mon Oct 559° / 45°66° / 42°87° (2025)23° (1935)
Tue Oct 661° / 52°67° / 43°94° (1963)15° (1935)
Wed Oct 768° / 52°68° / 44°89° (1963)23° (2001)

Sun and moon

DayCivil twilightSunriseSunsetCivil twilightDaylightMoon
Wed6:36 AM7:04 AM6:50 PM7:19 PM11 h 46 min Waning gibbous · 82% lit
Thu6:37 AM7:05 AM6:48 PM7:17 PM11 h 43 min Waning gibbous · 73% lit
Fri6:38 AM7:06 AM6:47 PM7:15 PM11 h 41 min Waning gibbous · 64% lit
Sat6:39 AM7:07 AM6:45 PM7:13 PM11 h 38 min Last quarter · 53% lit
Sun6:40 AM7:09 AM6:43 PM7:12 PM11 h 34 min Last quarter · 43% lit
Mon6:41 AM7:10 AM6:41 PM7:10 PM11 h 31 min Waning crescent · 32% lit
Tue6:42 AM7:11 AM6:40 PM7:08 PM11 h 29 min Waning crescent · 23% lit
Wed6:43 AM7:12 AM6:38 PM7:06 PM11 h 26 min Waning crescent · 15% lit

Forecast from the National Weather Service forecast grid at api.weather.gov, updated by the local office through the day; the written periods and hourly digest are the NWS’s own. Outlooks from the Storm Prediction Center, the Weather Prediction Center and the Climate Prediction Center via NOAA’s map services. Records and normals from NOAA’s Global Historical Climatology Network. Sun and moon computed here. Place names from GeoNames (CC BY 4.0).

What is here

Seven days
The high, the low, the chance and amount of rain and snow, the wind and the forecaster’s words for each day and night, from the National Weather Service grid for the exact cell your town sits in.
Hour by hour
Temperature, what it feels like, dew point, humidity, chance and amount of precipitation, wind and gusts, sky cover, the chance of thunder, pressure, visibility and ceiling, as a chart and as a table, with nights shaded.
Everything else on the grid
The office edits about sixty fields for every cell. The ones the mainstream forecast pages leave out are here as a daily table: HeatRisk, wet bulb globe temperature, lightning activity, mixing height, transport wind, the fire weather indices, and at the coast the waves and swell.
The discussion
The Area Forecast Discussion the forecaster wrote to explain the forecast, in their own words, with the specialist annexes folded away. Also the office’s hazardous weather outlook.
Beyond the week
The Storm Prediction Center’s severe weather category for each of the next eight days, the Weather Prediction Center’s rainfall forecast to day seven and its winter storm severity, and the Climate Prediction Center’s odds for days six to fourteen, all read at your coordinate.
Against the record
Each forecast day beside the same date at the nearest long-record station: the thirty-year normal and the record high and low with their years, so a forecast high that would break a record says so.
The next 90 days
The forecast as far as the grid, the National Blend and the global models reach, and the calendar after that: the normal and the record for every date, with the Climate Prediction Center’s lean for the weeks, the month and the season drawn over them. No made-up highs for a date three months out.

Common questions

Where does this forecast come from?

From the National Weather Service forecast grid published at api.weather.gov, the same grid the local forecast office edits through the day and the source of every forecast on weather.gov. The written periods, the hourly digest and the forecaster’s discussion are the NWS’s own products, shown as issued. Nothing here is a blend a website made.

How far ahead does it go?

The grid runs seven days ahead, hour by hour for the first days and in three to six hour steps after that. The National Blend of Models carries the days to eleven and the global models to sixteen. Beyond that the page carries the national centers’ outlooks, severe weather to day eight, rainfall to day seven, and the Climate Prediction Center’s odds for the coming weeks, month and season, over a ninety-day calendar of the normal and the record for each date. No forecast has skill day by day past about two weeks, and this page does not print one.

Why is this different from the app on my phone?

Most forecast apps show a blend of models chosen by the company that makes the app. This page shows the forecast the local National Weather Service office issues, edited by the forecasters who will also issue the warnings, and it shows all of it rather than the six numbers that fit on a phone. The discussion explains the reasoning, which no app carries.

What is a place’s address here?

Every town has its own page, such as /forecast/us/oklahoma/oklahoma-city/, and every day at a town has one too. A ZIP code typed into the search goes to the town it belongs to. Any coordinate at all can be looked up, and the page names the nearest town.

What the weather actually was · Open the live radar · Where the data comes from