Significant earthquakes of 1907

October 21, 1907 Earthquake: Karatag, Tajikistan

October 21, 1907 · M7.4 · 12,000 deaths

A magnitude 7.4 earthquake struck Karatag, Tajikistan on October 21, 1907 at 04:23:36 UTC, 35 km below the surface. It killed 12,000 people.

Map

Where it struck, with the other significant earthquakes within 200 km. Circles are sized and colored by magnitude; select one for its page.

The earthquake

Date
October 21, 1907
Time
04:23:36 UTC
Place
Karatag, Tajikistan
Magnitude
7.4 (Ms)
Focal depth
35 km (22 mi)
Intensity
9 on the Modified Mercalli scale
Tsunami
None recorded
Epicenter
38.500° N, 67.900° E
Country
Tajikistan

The toll

Deaths
12,000
Damage
Severe (about $5 to $25 million)
Houses destroyed
Many (101 to 1,000)

Where the literature gives no number, NCEI records a description on a scale of 1 to 4, printed here in its words. Damage is in millions of US dollars of the year of the event, not adjusted for inflation.

What the record says

NCEI’s account, from the sources it cites.

Oct 21, 1907, 04:23:20 UTC, 38.5 N, 67.9 E, depth 35 km, magnitude 7.4 MS, intensity IX.

Oct 21, 1907, 04:44 UTC, 38.7 N, 68.1 E, depth 24 km, magnitude 7.3 MS.

According to the reports "...A grandiose misfortune encompassed. .. the whole region on the southern slope of the Gissar Range .... The misfortune resulted from a series of average earthquakes. In terms of the size of the affected area, the extent of damage, and in the number of victims. The region of greatest destruction primarily encompassed the southern slope of the Gissar Range.

... The earthquake hit the mountains, destroying

all the mountain kishlaks (villages in Central

Asia). . . . Besides Karatag, almost destroyed by the

earthquake, several other kishlaks in the Gissar and

Denau regions also were heavily damaged--some to an

even greater extent. The earthquake inflicted human

losses and killed domestic stock. Topographic

changes...occurred in many places in the macroseismic

zone. They were limited mainly to landslides of steep

forested river banks, ravines, and steep slopes of high

hills . . . Slides of rooted rock were also noted in

several places."

Two tremors are clearly isolated on the seismograms of the European stations, providing a separate definition of the M (an independent determination of the MLH was made by Professor M. Bath for the two tremors). Macroseismic information for the two tremors is

difficult to separate. According to N. V. Shebalin,

the first tremor may be linked with the meridian fracture, and the second with the latitudinal fracture.

(above from reference #223)

Oct 21, 1907, magnitude 8.0, intensity X, Tajikistan (Karatag), 12000 deaths. (reference #1173)

Oct 21, 1907, Uzbekistan, 12000 deaths. (reference #1250)

Oct 21, 1907, 04:23:36 UTC, 38 N, 69 E, shallow depth, magnitude 8.1. (reference #88)

Oct 21, 1907, 04:23.6 UTC, 38 N, 69 E, magnitude 8.0. (reference #130)

Oct 21, 1907, 38 N, 69 E, magnitude 8.0, in Tadzhik. (reference #1212)

Oct 21, 1907, magnitude 8.1, in Karatagh, W. Alai Range. (reference #1002)

Oct. 21, 1907, 38 N, 69 E, magnitude 8.1. (reference #1276)

Oct. 21, 1907, 38 N, 69 E, magnitude 8. (reference #1095)

Other significant earthquakes nearby

Within 200 km, the deadliest first.

More

Significant earthquakes of 1907The 1900sEvery quake the USGS located in 1907Recent earthquakes near hereThis day in weather history

Sources

Significant earthquakes from NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Hazard Database, cited as NCEI/WDS, doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Public domain. Read 2026-09-24. NCEI earthquake 2821.