February 4, 1797 Earthquake: Riobamba, Quito, Cuzco, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador
A magnitude 8.3 earthquake struck Riobamba, Quito, Cuzco, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador on February 4, 1797 at 12:30 UTC. It killed 40,000 people.
Map
Where it struck, with the other significant earthquakes within 200 km. Circles are sized and colored by magnitude; select one for its page.
The earthquake
- Date
- February 4, 1797
- Time
- 12:30 UTC
- Place
- Riobamba, Quito, Cuzco, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador
- Magnitude
- 8.3 (Ms)
- Intensity
- 11 on the Modified Mercalli scale
- Tsunami
- Yes: the tsunami it caused
- Epicenter
- 1.640° S, 78.670° W
- Country
- Ecuador
The toll
- Deaths
- 40,000
- Damage
- Extreme (about $25 million or more)
- Houses destroyed
- Very many (over 1,000)
Where the literature gives no number, NCEI records a description on a scale of 1 to 4, printed here in its words. Damage is in millions of US dollars of the year of the event, not adjusted for inflation.
What the record says
NCEI’s account, from the sources it cites.
1797, Feb 4, 12:30 UTC. 1.67 S, 78.640 W, magnitude 8.3, intensity XI. (reference #1207)
1797, Feb 4, 12:30 UTC. 1.6 S, 78.6 W, magnitude 7.72, intensity XI. (reference #1220)
1797, Feb 4. Ecuador, Peru, 40,000 deaths. (reference #1003)
1797 Feb 4. Ecuador, Quito, Riobamba, 40,000 deaths. (reference #1051)
1797, Feb 4. Ambato, Ecuador. (reference #1002)
1797, Feb 4. 07:35 local time. 1.3 S, 79 W, intensity XI (reference #1211)
1797, Feb 4. Ecuador, Quito, Riobamba, Latacunga, Ambato; 40,000 perished. Intensity III which corresponds to an earthquake which destroyed towns and devastated districts. (reference #1055)
1797, Feb 4. The whole country between Santa Fe and Panama destroyed, including Cuzco and Quito; 40,000 people buried in one second. (reference #1073)
1797, Feb 4. About 7h - 30m, during a beautiful morning, the auspice buildings of this rich village of Riobamba flow by air" according the continuater of Askaray refering to this earthQuake No. 54 in the present list. And, among other details he adds "... 6,306 persons was killed in this catastrophe in addition the killed in the towns, farmer and country houses, which number was impossible to know because everybody fall at the same time and in many places do not rest somebody who can give news about the inhabitants" Mr. Pedro Fermin Cevallos in his "Historia del Ecuador" say: "The shake soil was as we call of trepidation from down to up and it operate as the mine blast... Another towns too suffered many damages and even in Ambato and Latacunga the shake was so furious that in very short time many buildings were collapsed. (reference #1106)
1797, Feb 4. Was the era of the famous earthquake of 4 February, which made perish 40,000 people in the provinces of Tacunga, Ambato, Riobama, etc., and whose duration of shaking until 20 of such a strong way that the night from 11 to 12 in which they counted 14 tremors, was one of quiet nights, the Caribbean shocks went on for eight months, until the eruption of the volcano Guadeloupe, on September 27. (reference #501)
1797, Feb 4. A dreadful earthquake which shook Peru and Colombia, causing the death of about 20,000 persons, whose corpses were collected from the debris, over an area of 800 square leagues (Flores, 1869). (reference #14060)
Other significant earthquakes nearby
Within 200 km, the deadliest first.
- June 20, 1698, Tungurahua,cotopaxi,chimborazo, Ecuador
- August 5, 1949, Tungurahua, Ecuador
- February 1640, Ecuador
- February 22, 1757, Cotopaxi,tungurahua, Latacunga, Ecuador
- March 3, 1924, Ecuador
- March 28, 1996, Cotopaxi, Pastaza, Tungurahua, Ambato, Ecuador
- March 18, 2023, Tumbes, Azuay, El Oro, Guayas, Peru, Ecuador
- July 30, 1960, Ecuador
- August 18, 1980, W, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- August 11, 1990, Pamasqui, Quito, Ecuador
- August 12, 2014, Quito, Ecuador
- September 22, 1987, Ambato, Latacunga, Riobamba, Ecuador
- October 3, 1995, Quito, Ecuador
- January 31, 2018, Pastaza, Ecuador
- July 14, 2022, Guayas, Ecuador
More
Significant earthquakes of 1797The 1700sRecent earthquakes near hereThis day in weather history
Sources
Significant earthquakes from NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Hazard Database, cited as NCEI/WDS, doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Public domain. Read 2026-09-24. NCEI earthquake 1537.