Estelline Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Castlewood. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around May 10 and the first fall freeze around September 27, a growing season of about 139 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last May 19, first September 17
- Median at 32°F
- last May 10, first September 27
- Median at 28°F
- last May 1, first October 4
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Jun 1 | May 29 | May 25 | May 22 | May 19 | May 17 | May 14 | May 12 | May 8 |
| 32°F | May 23 | May 18 | May 15 | May 12 | May 10 | May 8 | May 5 | May 2 | Apr 29 |
| 28°F | May 14 | May 10 | May 6 | May 4 | May 1 | Apr 29 | Apr 26 | Apr 22 | Apr 17 |
| 24°F | May 6 | May 1 | Apr 29 | Apr 26 | Apr 23 | Apr 19 | Apr 16 | Apr 13 | Apr 7 |
| 20°F | Apr 29 | Apr 23 | Apr 19 | Apr 16 | Apr 13 | Apr 10 | Apr 7 | Apr 4 | Mar 31 |
| 16°F | Apr 21 | Apr 15 | Apr 11 | Apr 8 | Apr 5 | Apr 3 | Mar 31 | Mar 24 | Mar 18 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Sep 4 | Sep 9 | Sep 12 | Sep 15 | Sep 17 | Sep 20 | Sep 23 | Sep 26 | Sep 29 |
| 32°F | Sep 14 | Sep 18 | Sep 22 | Sep 24 | Sep 27 | Sep 29 | Oct 1 | Oct 4 | Oct 7 |
| 28°F | Sep 22 | Sep 26 | Sep 30 | Oct 2 | Oct 4 | Oct 7 | Oct 10 | Oct 13 | Oct 18 |
| 24°F | Sep 30 | Oct 4 | Oct 8 | Oct 11 | Oct 15 | Oct 18 | Oct 21 | Oct 24 | Oct 28 |
| 20°F | Oct 9 | Oct 15 | Oct 20 | Oct 22 | Oct 25 | Oct 27 | Oct 30 | Nov 2 | Nov 6 |
| 16°F | Oct 20 | Oct 26 | Oct 29 | Nov 1 | Nov 3 | Nov 5 | Nov 8 | Nov 12 | Nov 17 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 138 | 132 | 127 | 123 | 120 | 116 | 112 | 108 | 101 |
| 32°F | 155 | 150 | 145 | 142 | 139 | 135 | 131 | 126 | 120 |
| 28°F | 175 | 169 | 164 | 160 | 156 | 153 | 148 | 144 | 136 |
| 24°F | 196 | 188 | 183 | 179 | 175 | 171 | 167 | 162 | 155 |
| 20°F | 214 | 207 | 202 | 198 | 194 | 190 | 187 | 181 | 174 |
| 16°F | 234 | 227 | 221 | 216 | 212 | 208 | 203 | 198 | 190 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 100% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 8,859
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 419
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 3,923
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 2,982
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 2,157
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 1,446
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 860
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1,672 | 0 | 0 |
| February | 1,396 | 0 | 0 |
| March | 1,144 | 0 | 3 |
| April | 707 | 1 | 36 |
| May | 347 | 16 | 195 |
| June | 89 | 85 | 447 |
| July | 28 | 164 | 601 |
| August | 47 | 117 | 535 |
| September | 230 | 35 | 279 |
| October | 638 | 2 | 58 |
| November | 1,065 | 0 | 2 |
| December | 1,496 | 0 | 0 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 19.5 km from Estelline. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00391519 (Castlewood). Public domain.