Hays Frost Dates and Growing Season
Frost and the growing season
NOAA's 1991-2020 freeze probabilities for Zortman. A median date has an even chance of a later freeze in spring, or an earlier one in fall.
The last spring freeze typically comes around May 18 and the first fall freeze around September 23, a growing season of about 126 days.
- Median at 36°F
- last May 31, first September 12
- Median at 32°F
- last May 18, first September 23
- Median at 28°F
- last May 5, first October 2
Last freeze in spring
The chance of a later freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one spring in ten still freezes after the date; planting after the 10 percent date for 32°F is the cautious choice.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Jun 20 | Jun 11 | Jun 6 | Jun 2 | May 31 | May 28 | May 25 | May 22 | May 18 |
| 32°F | Jun 1 | May 28 | May 24 | May 21 | May 18 | May 15 | May 11 | May 8 | May 4 |
| 28°F | May 20 | May 14 | May 9 | May 7 | May 5 | May 2 | Apr 30 | Apr 27 | Apr 20 |
| 24°F | May 8 | May 3 | Apr 30 | Apr 28 | Apr 24 | Apr 21 | Apr 17 | Apr 13 | Apr 8 |
| 20°F | Apr 29 | Apr 24 | Apr 19 | Apr 15 | Apr 12 | Apr 9 | Apr 6 | Apr 2 | Mar 27 |
| 16°F | Apr 21 | Apr 14 | Apr 10 | Apr 6 | Apr 3 | Mar 31 | Mar 27 | Mar 20 | Mar 13 |
First freeze in fall
The chance of an earlier freeze than the date shown. At 10 percent, one fall in ten freezes before the date.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Aug 26 | Sep 1 | Sep 5 | Sep 9 | Sep 12 | Sep 15 | Sep 19 | Sep 22 | Sep 26 |
| 32°F | Sep 7 | Sep 14 | Sep 18 | Sep 21 | Sep 23 | Sep 25 | Sep 28 | Oct 1 | Oct 5 |
| 28°F | Sep 17 | Sep 24 | Sep 27 | Sep 30 | Oct 2 | Oct 5 | Oct 8 | Oct 12 | Oct 17 |
| 24°F | Sep 26 | Oct 1 | Oct 5 | Oct 8 | Oct 12 | Oct 15 | Oct 19 | Oct 24 | Oct 30 |
| 20°F | Oct 1 | Oct 9 | Oct 15 | Oct 19 | Oct 23 | Oct 27 | Oct 30 | Nov 3 | Nov 9 |
| 16°F | Oct 10 | Oct 18 | Oct 24 | Oct 28 | Nov 1 | Nov 4 | Nov 8 | Nov 12 | Nov 19 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze at each threshold, with the chance of a season at least that long.
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 122 | 115 | 110 | 106 | 101 | 96 | 90 | 83 | 72 |
| 32°F | 145 | 140 | 135 | 130 | 126 | 122 | 117 | 110 | 103 |
| 28°F | 170 | 162 | 157 | 153 | 149 | 145 | 141 | 135 | 127 |
| 24°F | 194 | 185 | 180 | 174 | 169 | 165 | 160 | 154 | 147 |
| 20°F | 218 | 207 | 200 | 194 | 189 | 184 | 179 | 173 | 162 |
| 16°F | 235 | 227 | 220 | 214 | 209 | 203 | 197 | 190 | 179 |
How often it gets that cold
The share of years with at least one night at or below each temperature.
- 36°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 32°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 28°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 24°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 20°F or colder
- 100% of years
- 16°F or colder
- 100% of years
Degree days
A degree day is one degree of the daily mean temperature beyond a base, for one day. Heating degree days count cold (the fuel a house burns), cooling degree days heat, growing degree days the warmth a crop needs; each crop has its own base.
- Heating degree days, base 65°F
- 8,163
- Cooling degree days, base 65°F
- 260
- Growing degree days, base 40°F
- 3,430
- Growing degree days, base 45°F
- 2,466
- Growing degree days, base 50°F
- 1,675
- Growing degree days, base 55°F
- 1,047
- Growing degree days, base 60°F
- 576
Growing degree days by month, base 50°F
Heating and cooling by month
| Month | Heating DD | Cooling DD | Growing DD 50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1,274 | 0 | 1 |
| February | 1,135 | 0 | 2 |
| March | 1,017 | 0 | 5 |
| April | 732 | 0 | 19 |
| May | 468 | 3 | 110 |
| June | 217 | 18 | 262 |
| July | 68 | 110 | 507 |
| August | 84 | 106 | 490 |
| September | 306 | 23 | 220 |
| October | 678 | 1 | 49 |
| November | 956 | 0 | 9 |
| December | 1,227 | 0 | 0 |
What this means
NOAA computes these from the daily lows at the station over 1991-2020, fitting the dates of each year's last and first freeze to a distribution, so a date can be stated at any level of risk. 36°F is a frost risk for tender plants on a clear, calm night, since the ground cools below the air above it; 32°F is a freeze; 28°F is a hard freeze that kills most annuals.
The station is 14.9 km from Hays. Low ground, valleys and open fields freeze earlier and later than a town center or a hillside.
More
Sources
NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals, 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals for station USC00249900 (Zortman). Public domain.