Alert archive / West Virginia / Flash Flood Warnings in 2026
Flash Flood Warning 239, NWS Charleston, WV
NWS Charleston, WV issued this flash flood warning at Sep 21, 2026, 7:38 PM EDT for 5 counties in West Virginia. It was in force for 2 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued.
The facts
- Issued
- Sep 21, 2026, 7:38 PM EDT (23:38 UTC)
- Expired
- Sep 21, 2026, 9:44 PM EDT
- In force
- 2 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Charleston, WV
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Flood severity
- None
Counties Boone County, WV, Clay County, WV, Fayette County, WV, Kanawha County, WV, Nicholas County, WV
The radar
The Charleston,WV radar (KRLX), 29 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 23:38 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
Did it verify
Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this flash flood warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The nearest sounding before it
Roanoke, VA (KRNK), launched 12:00Z, 11.6 hours before the alert went out and 202 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 567 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -69 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 941 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 21 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 57 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 59 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted.
943
WGUS51 KRLX 212338
FFWRLX
WVC005-015-019-039-067-220245-
/O.NEW.KRLX.FF.W.0239.260921T2338Z-260922T0245Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
Flash Flood Warning
National Weather Service Charleston WV
738 PM EDT Mon Sep 21 2026
The National Weather Service in Charleston has issued a
* Flash Flood Warning for...
Northeastern Boone County in central West Virginia...
Southeastern Kanawha County in central West Virginia...
Southwestern Clay County in north central West Virginia...
Northwestern Fayette County in southeastern West Virginia...
West Central Nicholas County in southeastern West Virginia...
* Until 1045 PM EDT.
* At 738 PM EDT, Doppler radar indicated thunderstorms producing
heavy rain across the warned area. Between 1 and 2.5 inches of rain
have fallen. Additional rainfall amounts of 1 to 2 inches are
possible in the warned area. Flash flooding is ongoing or expected
to begin shortly.
HAZARD...Flash flooding caused by thunderstorms.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Flash flooding of small creeks and streams, urban areas,
highways, streets and underpasses as well as other poor
drainage and low-lying areas.
* Some locations that will experience flash flooding include...
Montgomery, Chesapeake, Marmet, Belle, Cedar Grove, East Bank,
Glasgow, Smithers, Gauley Bridge, Pratt, Powellton, Handley, Pond
Gap, Sharon, Dawes, Bentree, Eskdale, Swiss, Indore and Bickmore.
This includes West Virginia Turnpike between mile markers 73 and 90.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood
deaths occur in vehicles.
Be especially cautious at night when it is harder to recognize the
dangers of flooding.
Report flooding to the National Weather Service by calling toll free,
800 401 9535, when you can do so safely.
&&
LAT...LON 3820 8174 3843 8106 3829 8092 3810 8139
3805 8154 3804 8159
FLASH FLOOD...RADAR INDICATED
$$
011 follow-up statement
958
WGUS71 KRLX 220144
FFSRLX
Flash Flood Statement
National Weather Service Charleston WV
944 PM EDT Mon Sep 21 2026
WVC005-015-019-039-067-220154-
/O.CAN.KRLX.FF.W.0239.000000T0000Z-260922T0245Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Boone WV-Clay WV-Fayette WV-Kanawha WV-Nicholas WV-
944 PM EDT Mon Sep 21 2026
...FLASH FLOOD WARNING IS CANCELLED FOR NORTHEASTERN BOONE,
SOUTHEASTERN KANAWHA, SOUTHWESTERN CLAY, NORTHWESTERN FAYETTE AND
WEST CENTRAL NICHOLAS COUNTIES...
The heavy rain has ended and flood waters are receding. Flooding is
no longer expected to pose a threat. Please continue to heed
remaining road closures.
A Flood Watch remains in effect until 800 AM EDT Wednesday for
portions of southeast Ohio and West Virginia.
&&
LAT...LON 3805 8154 3810 8139 3829 8092 3843 8106
3820 8174 3804 8159
$$
01What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Charleston, WV wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flash flood warning went out at Sep 21, 7:37 PM EDT, 1 minute earlier. Its key messages:
- 1.)Flash flooding concerns stretch into midweek amid periods of heavy showers and thunderstorms. Nighttime flash flooding will be possible tonight and Tuesday night across the area, so ensure you have multiple ways of receiving warnings that may be issued over the next few days. 2.) Turning noticeably cooler and drier late in the work week into next weekend.
Area forecast discussion, Sep 21, 7:37 PM EDT, 1 minute before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Charleston WV
737 PM EDT Mon Sep 21 2026
.WHAT HAS CHANGED...
Episodic rounds of showers and thunderstorms attached with heavy
rainfall looks to prevail into Wednesday morning, leading to
additional potential for flash flooding. With that in mind,
opted to extend the Flood Watch in time and also revamp the
coverage of the Watch to include more of our West Virginia
counties. Rain chances stretch through the overnight hours,
amplifying concerns of nighttime flash flooding.
&&
.KEY MESSAGES...
1.)Flash flooding concerns stretch into midweek amid periods of
heavy showers and thunderstorms. Nighttime flash flooding will
be possible tonight and Tuesday night across the area, so ensure
you have multiple ways of receiving warnings that may be issued
over the next few days.
2.) Turning noticeably cooler and drier late in the work week
into next weekend.
&&
.DISCUSSION...
KEY MESSAGE 1...
Satellite and radar trends at the time of writing place the
bulk of the forecast area within clear skies and quiet weather
after the slow departure of overnight/early morning convective
complexes that rolled through. However, will have to monitor
developing cumulus fields across central and eastern Kentucky,
as this will provide the next round of showers and storms slated
for later this evening.
Hi-res simulated reflectivity models show another signal of
overnight shower and thunderstorm potential setting up
additional flash flooding concerns heading into Tuesday morning.
The QPF forecast shifts the attention off of an already
battered southeast Ohio east of the river to mainly West
Virginia. Scattered showers and storms are progged to form late
in the night in similar fashion to last night, stirring up
overnight flash flooding issues. Locally higher amounts of rain
could yield the use of amplified flash flood warning messaging,
so ensure you have ways of receiving a warning that could be
issued overnight.
Flash flooding concerns, while still dependent on where the
axis of heaviest rainfall sets up over the next few days, will
be highest across northeast WV and down the spine of the
Appalachians. An inverted trough feature setting up over this
region, in tandem with a coastal low riding up along the eastern
seaboard, will promote episodic rounds of showers and storms
through midweek. This could set the stage for one to two inches
of additional rainfall to arise. With that in mind, opted to
extend the Flood Watch through Wednesday morning as we finish
the last few days of active weather before a period of dry
weather reaches the Central Appalachians.
KEY MESSAGE 2...
The upper level low that has remained trapped overhead will
finally track offshore heading into the end of the work week.
Strong subsidence and northwest flow prompted by a building
ridge will help to evacuate any lingering moisture over the
region. Quiet and pleasant fall-like weather enters the forecast
for most on Thursday, outside of a rogue shower or storm still
hovering over the higher terrain. Daytime temperature spread of
the 60s to low 70s will topple down to cool, crisp overnight
lows spanning the upper 30s to upper 40s. While clouds will be
slow to lift and erode on Thursday, ample sunshine by Friday
will lead the charge to what is looking to be a Chamber of
Commerce weather weekend.
&&
.AVIATION /00Z TUESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/...
A frontal boundary will remain across the area tonight and
Tuesday. Expect ceilings to collapse to IFR or low MVFR north
of the boundary this evening, continuing to lower toward
morning. The ceilings north of the boundary will slowly improve
to MVFR on Tuesday.
Expect numerous showers and thunderstorms along the boundary,
with some possible south of the boundary. Outside of the
thunderstorms south of the boundary, generally VFR conditions
will prevail.
FORECAST CONFIDENCE AND ALTERNATE SCENARIOS THROUGH 00Z WEDNESDAY...
FORECAST CONFIDENCE: Medium.
ALTERNATE SCENARIOS: Timing, location, and intensity of showers
and thunderstorms could vary.
EXPERIMENTAL TABLE OF FLIGHT CATEGORY OBJECTIVELY SHOWS CONSISTENCY
OF WFO FORECAST TO AVAILABLE MODEL INFORMATION:
H = HIGH: TAF CONSISTENT WITH ALL MODELS OR ALL BUT ONE MODEL.
M = MEDIUM: TAF HAS VARYING LEVEL OF CONSISTENCY WITH MODELS.
L = LOW: TAF INCONSISTENT WITH ALL MODELS OR ALL BUT ONE MODEL.
DATE TUE
UTC 1HRLY 23 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
EDT 1HRLY 19 20 21 22 23 00 01 02 03 04 05 06
CRW CONSISTENCY H M M M M L L L L L L L
HTS CONSISTENCY H H H H M M M L L L L L
BKW CONSISTENCY H H H H H M L L L L L L
EKN CONSISTENCY H M M M M M L L L L L L
PKB CONSISTENCY H M M M M M H L L L L L
CKB CONSISTENCY H M H H H M H L L L L L
AFTER 00Z WEDNESDAY...
IFR conditions possible in showers and thunderstorms each day
through mid week.
&&
.RLX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
WV...Flood Watch through Wednesday morning for WVZ005>011-013>020-
024>034-039-040-515>526.
OH...Flood Watch through Wednesday morning for OHZ076.
KY...None.
VA...None.
&&
DISCUSSION...05
AVIATION...RPYIn the hours before
Special weather statement, Sep 21, 5:08 PM EDT, 2 hours 30 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Charleston WV
508 PM EDT Mon Sep 21 2026
WVZ521>523-526-212145-
Southeast Webster WV-Northwest Pocahontas WV-Northwest Webster WV-
Southeast Randolph WV-
508 PM EDT Mon Sep 21 2026
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT SOUTHWESTERN RANDOLPH AND EAST
CENTRAL WEBSTER COUNTIES THROUGH 545 PM EDT...
At 507 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm over
Addison (Webster Springs), or over Webster Springs, moving east at 20
mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 40 mph and pea size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to vegetation is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Webster Springs, Addison (Webster Springs), Diana, Bergoo, and
Waneta.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
This storm may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio
stations and available television stations for additional information
and possible warnings from the National Weather Service.
&&
LAT...LON 3843 8050 3861 8047 3859 8014 3834 8019
TIME...MOT...LOC 2107Z 284DEG 16KT 3850 8039
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.25 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH
01Special weather statement, Sep 21, 5:39 PM EDT, 1 hour 59 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Charleston WV
539 PM EDT Mon Sep 21 2026
WVZ521>523-525-526-212215-
Southeast Webster WV-Northwest Randolph WV-Northwest Pocahontas WV-
Northwest Webster WV-Southeast Randolph WV-
539 PM EDT Mon Sep 21 2026
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT SOUTHWESTERN RANDOLPH...CENTRAL
POCAHONTAS AND EAST CENTRAL WEBSTER COUNTIES THROUGH 615 PM EDT...
At 539 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 8
miles east of Addison (Webster Springs), or 8 miles east of Webster
Springs, moving east at 15 mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 40 mph and half inch hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to vegetation is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Mingo, Monterville, Valley Head, Bergoo, Pickens, and Waneta.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
This storm may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio
stations and available television stations for additional information
and possible warnings from the National Weather Service.
&&
LAT...LON 3840 8029 3860 8036 3872 8002 3846 7990
TIME...MOT...LOC 2139Z 252DEG 12KT 3849 8026
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.50 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH
01Local storm report, Sep 21, 5:47 PM EDT, 1 hour 51 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Charleston WV
547 PM EDT Mon Sep 21 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0542 PM Hail 8 SE Grayson 38.27N 82.82W
09/21/2026 M1.00 Inch Carter KY Public
Report from mPING: Quarter (1.00 in.).
&&
RPYLocal storm report, Sep 21, 6:23 PM EDT, 1 hour 15 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Charleston WV
623 PM EDT Mon Sep 21 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0325 PM Tstm Wnd Dmg 2 NNE Breaks Interstate 37.31N 82.28W
09/21/2026 Buchanan VA 911 Call Center
Large tree down on road.
&&
RPYSpecial weather statement, Sep 21, 6:32 PM EDT, 1 hour 6 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Charleston WV
632 PM EDT Mon Sep 21 2026
WVZ523-524-526-212300-
Southeast Pocahontas WV-Northwest Pocahontas WV-
Southeast Randolph WV-
632 PM EDT Mon Sep 21 2026
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT CENTRAL POCAHONTAS COUNTY
THROUGH 700 PM EDT...
At 631 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm over
Snowshoe, or near Cass Scenic Railroad, moving east at 20 mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 40 mph and pea size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to vegetation is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Cass Scenic Railroad, Green Bank, Snowshoe, Mingo, Dunmore, Arbovale,
and Boyer.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
This storm may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio
stations and available television stations for additional information
and possible warnings from the National Weather Service.
&&
LAT...LON 3829 7981 3840 8008 3852 8005 3851 7976
TIME...MOT...LOC 2231Z 282DEG 18KT 3844 8002
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.25 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH
01Special weather statement, Sep 21, 7:10 PM EDT, 28 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Charleston WV
710 PM EDT Mon Sep 21 2026
WVZ039-525-526-212345-
Northwest Randolph WV-Upshur WV-Southeast Randolph WV-
710 PM EDT Mon Sep 21 2026
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT WEST CENTRAL RANDOLPH AND
SOUTHEASTERN UPSHUR COUNTIES THROUGH 745 PM EDT...
At 710 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 9
miles east of Holly River State Park, or 19 miles northeast of
Webster Springs, moving northeast at 30 mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 40 mph and pea size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to vegetation is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Mill Creek, Huttonsville, Helvetia, and Pickens.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
This storm may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio
stations and available television stations for additional information
and possible warnings from the National Weather Service.
&&
LAT...LON 3864 8023 3874 8027 3885 7994 3864 7990
TIME...MOT...LOC 2310Z 245DEG 24KT 3870 8017
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.25 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH
01The office that day
Everything else NWS Charleston, WV issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sep 20, 10:45 PM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | RLX | Jackson, Mason, Wood | 6 hr |
| Sep 20, 11:22 PM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | RLX | Jackson, Mason | 5 hr |
| Sep 20, 11:33 PM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | RLX | Jackson, Wirt, Wood | 6 hr |
| Sep 21, 12:06 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RLX | Mason | 24 min |
| Sep 21, 12:13 AM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | RLX | Wood | 4 hr |
| Sep 21, 12:20 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RLX | Jackson | 25 min |
| Sep 21, 12:28 AM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | RLX | Jackson, Ritchie, Roane, Wirt, Wood | 5 hr |
| Sep 21, 12:36 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RLX | Calhoun, Jackson, Ritchie, Roane, Wirt | 39 min |
| Sep 21, 12:42 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RLX | Jackson, Wirt, Wood | 33 min |
| Sep 21, 1:01 AM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | RLX | Calhoun, Gilmer, Ritchie, Roane, Wirt | 4 hr |
| Sep 21, 1:10 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RLX | Braxton, Calhoun, Gilmer | 50 min |
| Sep 21, 1:22 AM EDT | Tornado Warning | RLX | Calhoun, Gilmer | 23 min |
| Sep 21, 1:37 AM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | RLX | Calhoun, Jackson, Roane | 3 hr |
| Sep 21, 1:52 AM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | RLX | Braxton, Gilmer, Ritchie | 3 hr |
| Sep 21, 2:09 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RLX | Braxton, Clay, Upshur | 36 min |
| Sep 21, 2:35 AM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | RLX | Pleasants, Ritchie, Wood | 106 min |
| Sep 21, 2:38 AM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | RLX | Braxton, Doddridge, Gilmer, Lewis, Ritchie | 111 min |
| Sep 21, 2:48 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RLX | Lewis, Upshur | 27 min |
| Sep 21, 4:44 AM EDT | Areal Flood Warning | RLX | Jackson, Mason, Wood | 48 hr |
| Sep 21, 5:19 AM EDT | Areal Flood Warning | RLX | Jackson, Wirt, Wood | 9 hr |
| Sep 21, 5:30 AM EDT | Areal Flood Warning | RLX | Calhoun, Jackson, Pleasants, Ritchie, Roane, Wirt and 1 more | 7 hr |
| Sep 21, 8:17 AM EDT | Areal Flood Warning | RLX | Calhoun, Gilmer, Ritchie, Roane, Wirt | 4 hr |
| Sep 21, 10:19 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RLX | Wood | 26 min |
| Sep 21, 10:44 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RLX | Wirt, Wood | 31 min |
| Sep 21, 12:30 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RLX | Fayette | 45 min |
| Sep 21, 12:43 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RLX | Fayette, Nicholas | 32 min |
| Sep 21, 1:02 PM EDT | Areal Flood Warning | RLX | Ritchie, Wirt | 10 hr |
| Sep 21, 1:45 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RLX | Pocahontas | 30 min |
| Sep 21, 3:20 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RLX | McDowell | 25 min |
| Sep 21, 3:42 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RLX | McDowell, Wyoming | 33 min |
| Sep 21, 3:52 PM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | RLX | McDowell, Wyoming | 3 hr |
| Sep 21, 4:01 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RLX | McDowell | 29 min |
| Sep 21, 4:04 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RLX | Wyoming | 26 min |
| Sep 21, 4:13 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RLX | Raleigh | 32 min |
| Sep 21, 4:34 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RLX | Fayette, Raleigh | 26 min |
| Sep 21, 4:35 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RLX | Fayette | 25 min |
| Sep 21, 5:00 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RLX | Raleigh | 30 min |
| Sep 21, 5:08 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RLX | Webster | 37 min |
| Sep 21, 5:39 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RLX | Pocahontas | 36 min |
| Sep 21, 5:48 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | RLX | Wayne | 16 min |
| Sep 21, 5:55 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RLX | Wayne | 35 min |
| Sep 21, 6:07 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RLX | Pocahontas, Randolph | 23 min |
| Sep 21, 6:26 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RLX | Cabell, Lincoln, Logan, Wayne | 34 min |
| Sep 21, 6:32 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RLX | Pocahontas | 28 min |
| Sep 21, 6:40 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | RLX | Lincoln, Logan, Mingo, Wayne | 13 min |
| Sep 21, 6:56 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RLX | Boone, Lincoln, Logan, Mingo, Wayne | 34 min |
| Sep 21, 7:10 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RLX | Randolph | 35 min |
| Sep 21, 7:26 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RLX | Logan | 34 min |
| Sep 21, 7:48 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RLX | Logan | 11 min |
Nearby
Flash Flood Warnings in West Virginia, 2026Every flash flood warning in 2026
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.