Alert archive / Minnesota / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2026

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 129, NWS Twin Cities, MN

June 29, 2026Douglas County, Pope County, Todd County, Minnesota

NWS Twin Cities, MN issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jun 29, 2026, 9:58 PM CDT for Douglas County, Pope County, Todd County, Minnesota. It was in force for 47 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued
Jun 29, 2026, 9:58 PM CDT (02:58 UTC)
Expired
Jun 29, 2026, 10:45 PM CDT
In force
47 min
Issued by
NWS Twin Cities, MN
Area
Storm-based polygon
Hail
1.0 in
Wind
60.0 mph

Counties Douglas County, MN, Pope County, MN, Todd County, MN

The radar

The Minneapolis radar (KMPX), 175 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 03:01 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

TimeReportWhereRemark
Jun 29, 10:00 PM CDTHAIL 1.5West Union, MN

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched one storm report to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 2 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

IssuedProductOfficeLasted
Jun 29, 6:33 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC5 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Minneapolis, MN (KMPX), launched 00:00Z, 3.0 hours before the alert went out and 173 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Minneapolis, MN at 00:00Z on 2026-06-30Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 4778 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Minneapolis, MN at 00:00Z on 2026-06-30The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 177 square meters per square second.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
4778 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-57 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1006 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
42 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
177 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
376 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
6.8
Supercell composite
41.5

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

346 
WUUS53 KMPX 300258
SVRMPX
MNC041-121-153-300345-
/O.NEW.KMPX.SV.W.0129.260630T0258Z-260630T0345Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Severe Thunderstorm Warning
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
958 PM CDT Mon Jun 29 2026

The National Weather Service in the Twin Cities has issued a

* Severe Thunderstorm Warning for...
  Southwestern Todd County in central Minnesota...
  Eastern Douglas County in west central Minnesota...
  Northeastern Pope County in west central Minnesota...

* Until 1045 PM CDT.

* At 958 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm was located near Carlos, or 5
  miles northeast of Alexandria, moving northeast at 50 mph.

  HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail.

  SOURCE...Radar indicated.

  IMPACT...Hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect wind damage to
           roofs, siding, and trees.

* Locations impacted include...
  Glenwood, Villard, Forada, Alexandria, Nelson, West Union, Carlos,
  Lake Osakis, Belle River, Miltona, Little Sauk, Clotho, Round
  Prairie, Long Prairie, Eagle Bend, Clarissa, Browerville and
  Bertha.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Seek shelter inside a well-built structure and stay away from
windows. This storm is capable of producing damaging winds and large
hail.

&&

LAT...LON 4576 9542 4601 9542 4611 9534 4611 9515
      4628 9515 4632 9511 4593 9466 4577 9503
      4577 9514 4573 9514 4562 9541
TIME...MOT...LOC 0258Z 227DEG 43KT 4593 9528

HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.00 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH

$$

CTG
4 follow-up statements
810 
WWUS53 KMPX 300308
SVSMPX

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
1008 PM CDT Mon Jun 29 2026

MNC041-121-153-300345-
/O.CON.KMPX.SV.W.0129.000000T0000Z-260630T0345Z/
Douglas MN-Pope MN-Todd MN-
1008 PM CDT Mon Jun 29 2026

...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1045 PM CDT
FOR SOUTHWESTERN TODD, SOUTHEASTERN DOUGLAS AND NORTHEASTERN POPE
COUNTIES...

At 1008 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm was located 8 miles north of
Lake Osakis, or 13 miles northeast of Alexandria, moving northeast at
50 mph.

HAZARD...Golf ball size hail and 60 mph wind gusts.

SOURCE...Trained spotters reported.

IMPACT...People and animals outdoors will be injured. Expect hail
         damage to roofs, siding, windows, and vehicles. Expect wind
         damage to roofs, siding, and trees.

Locations impacted include...
  Villard, Alexandria, Nelson, West Union, Lake Osakis, Belle River,
  Little Sauk, Rose City, Clotho, Round Prairie, Long Prairie
  Airport, Long Prairie, Eagle Bend, Clarissa, Browerville and
  Bertha.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Anyone outdoors should move to shelter inside a well-built structure
and stay away from windows. This storm has produced dangerous hail
and is capable of producing damaging winds.

&&

LAT...LON 4578 9534 4593 9533 4606 9521 4611 9515
      4628 9515 4632 9511 4593 9466 4577 9502
      4577 9514 4573 9514 4569 9531
TIME...MOT...LOC 0258Z 227DEG 43KT 4593 9527

THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE THREAT...CONSIDERABLE
HAIL THREAT...OBSERVED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.75 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH

$$

CTG
878 
WWUS53 KMPX 300322
SVSMPX

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
1022 PM CDT Mon Jun 29 2026

MNC041-121-300332-
/O.CAN.KMPX.SV.W.0129.000000T0000Z-260630T0345Z/
Douglas MN-Pope MN-
1022 PM CDT Mon Jun 29 2026

...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING IS CANCELLED FOR SOUTHEASTERN DOUGLAS
AND NORTHEASTERN POPE COUNTIES...

The storm which prompted the warning has moved out of the area.
Therefore, the warning has been cancelled.

A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 1200 AM CDT for a
portion of west central Minnesota.

&&

LAT...LON 4607 9511 4621 9498 4603 9478 4599 9473
      4579 9514 4593 9514
TIME...MOT...LOC 0308Z 227DEG 43KT 4601 9515

$$


MNC153-300345-
/O.CON.KMPX.SV.W.0129.000000T0000Z-260630T0345Z/
Todd MN-
1022 PM CDT Mon Jun 29 2026

...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1045 PM CDT
FOR SOUTHERN TODD COUNTY...

At 1022 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm was located over Clarissa, or
25 miles northeast of Alexandria, moving northeast at 50 mph.

HAZARD...Golf ball size hail and 60 mph wind gusts.

SOURCE...Trained spotters reported.

IMPACT...People and animals outdoors will be injured. Expect hail
         damage to roofs, siding, windows, and vehicles. Expect wind
         damage to roofs, siding, and trees.

Locations impacted include...
  Lake Osakis, Clotho, Long Prairie, Clarissa and Browerville.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Anyone outdoors should move to shelter inside a well-built structure
and stay away from windows. This storm has produced dangerous hail
and is capable of producing damaging winds.

&&

LAT...LON 4607 9511 4621 9498 4603 9478 4599 9473
      4579 9514 4593 9514
TIME...MOT...LOC 0308Z 227DEG 43KT 4601 9515

THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE THREAT...CONSIDERABLE
HAIL THREAT...OBSERVED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.75 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH

$$

CTG
964 
WWUS53 KMPX 300329
SVSMPX

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
1029 PM CDT Mon Jun 29 2026

MNC153-300345-
/O.CON.KMPX.SV.W.0129.000000T0000Z-260630T0345Z/
Todd MN-
1029 PM CDT Mon Jun 29 2026

...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1045 PM CDT
FOR SOUTHERN TODD COUNTY...

At 1029 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm was located 5 miles northeast
of Clarissa, or 29 miles northwest of Little Falls, moving northeast
at 50 mph.

HAZARD...Golf ball size hail and 60 mph wind gusts.

SOURCE...Trained spotters reported.

IMPACT...People and animals outdoors will be injured. Expect hail
         damage to roofs, siding, windows, and vehicles. Expect wind
         damage to roofs, siding, and trees.

Locations impacted include...
  Lake Osakis, Clotho, Long Prairie, Clarissa and Browerville.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Anyone outdoors should move to shelter inside a well-built structure
and stay away from windows. This storm has produced dangerous hail
and is capable of producing damaging winds.

Tornadoes can develop quickly from severe thunderstorms. Seek shelter
immediately in an interior room on the lowest floor of a well-built
structure.

&&

LAT...LON 4607 9511 4621 9498 4603 9478 4599 9473
      4579 9514 4593 9514
TIME...MOT...LOC 0322Z 227DEG 43KT 4613 9496

TORNADO...POSSIBLE
THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE THREAT...CONSIDERABLE
HAIL THREAT...OBSERVED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.75 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH

$$

CTG
573 
WWUS53 KMPX 300339
SVSMPX

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
1039 PM CDT Mon Jun 29 2026

MNC153-300345-
/O.CON.KMPX.SV.W.0129.000000T0000Z-260630T0345Z/
Todd MN-
1039 PM CDT Mon Jun 29 2026

...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1045 PM CDT
FOR CENTRAL TODD COUNTY...

At 1039 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm was located 7 miles southeast
of Staples, or 27 miles northwest of Little Falls, moving northeast
at 50 mph.

HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and half dollar size hail.

SOURCE...Trained spotters reported.

IMPACT...Hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect wind damage to
         roofs, siding, and trees.

Locations impacted include...
  Long Prairie and Browerville.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Seek shelter inside a well-built structure and stay away from
windows. This storm is capable of producing damaging winds and has
produced large hail.

Tornadoes can develop quickly from severe thunderstorms. Seek shelter
immediately in an interior room on the lowest floor of a well-built
structure.

&&

LAT...LON 4600 9500 4614 9491 4603 9478 4599 9473
      4588 9495
TIME...MOT...LOC 0329Z 227DEG 43KT 4618 9488

TORNADO...POSSIBLE
HAIL THREAT...OBSERVED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.25 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH

$$

CTG

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Twin Cities, MN wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jun 29, 7:04 PM CDT, 2 hours 54 minutes earlier. Its key messages:

  • Extreme Heat Warning continues this evening, and Heat Advisory through Tuesday evening south & east. Heat index values approach 110F today, and 100F on Tuesday.
  • Low chance of thunderstorms this evening, but, if thunderstorms are able to develop they could become severe with heavy rain.
  • Hot & humid weather continues this week, although not nearly as intense as today. Continued low chances for thunderstorms as well.
Area forecast discussion, Jun 29, 7:04 PM CDT, 2 hours 54 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
704 PM CDT Mon Jun 29 2026

.KEY MESSAGES...

- Extreme Heat Warning continues this evening, and Heat Advisory
  through Tuesday evening south & east. Heat index values
  approach 110F today, and 100F on Tuesday.

- Low chance of thunderstorms this evening, but, if
  thunderstorms are able to develop they could become severe
  with heavy rain.

- Hot & humid weather continues this week, although not nearly
  as intense as today. Continued low chances for thunderstorms
  as well.

&&

.DISCUSSION...
Issued at 338 PM CDT Mon Jun 29 2026

It is hot. And it will stay that way for a while, though
thankfully today will be the worst of the heat impacts this
week. Dewpoints are generally in the mid to upper 70s for the
entire region, though some pockets of 80F+ have started to pop
up this afternoon. Air temperatures have been stifled a little
more than expected by morning convection and afternoon cu field.
Heat index values range from 100-110F this afternoon and
evening, before getting some relief after sunset. This will be
dependent on storm chances late this evening and overnight as a
cold front looks to stall across central MN, dividing the state
in half vertically. As cooler 700 mb temperatures advect in
behind the front, that should provide enough forcing to overcome
the cap and initiate at least scattered storms along the line.
There is an explosive amount of instability (4500+ J/kg of
MUCAPE), so any storms that are able to develop would likely
become severe with damaging wind and heavy rainfall. The other
thing to watch is a unsuspecting threat for tornadoes given the
increasing amount of SRH values around sunset. There is a short
1-3 hour window of STP values jumping to 3+ just ahead of the
front as the LLJ increases and surface winds decrease just
enough to have a better hump to hodographs. The extent and
strength of any potential tornado risk will depend on storm
coverage and mode, which is uncertain right now given the
widespread variance across hi-res models. There are some models,
like the 18z RRFS, which have nothing develop this evening
across our area. Because of this variance, PoPs are still
limited, but the high end potential should still be messaged.

There is a growing signal for early morning convection to advect
north from Nebraska and Iowa, especially if we end up seeing
less storm coverage this evening. These storms would not have as
conducive of an environment for severe development, but they
would have an influence on our heat impacts for Tuesday. The
more storms and lingering cloud cover, the less of an impact
from heat. This is exactly what we saw today across parts of
central and northern MN as a bow echo raced northeast. With this
uncertainty in storm and cloud coverage, we opted to issue a
Heat Advisory for a number of counties across south and eastern
Minnesota as well as western Wisconsin. In areas that are not
drastically impacted by storms, heat indices are expected to
climb to about 100F Tuesday afternoon.

As the week progresses, not too much will change with the
overall weather pattern. Upper level ridging will continue to
dominate the eastern half of the CONUS, keeping the Upper MS
Valley on the northwestern periphery of the heat dome. Our hot
and muggy conditions will continue with highs anywhere between
the mid 80s to low 90s and dewpoints generally in the upper 60s
to low 70s. Heat risk will not be as much of a concern as it was
today, though the persistent heat will continue to have an
impact as it lingers for several days. A frontal boundary may
stall out the region, which would provide several opportunities
for additional storms through the rest of the week.

&&

.AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z WEDNESDAY/...
Issued at 657 PM CDT Mon Jun 29 2026

Confidence has increased in the development of a line of
thunderstorms moving across western Minnesota in the next hour
or two. Have converted all PROB30 groups to TEMPOs, mainly
between 01z and 06z from west to east. The coverage becomes more
uncertain heading into western Wisconsin. A second round of
showers and thunderstorms may develop across southern Minnesota
by early morning, so have included PROB30s at RWF/MKT/MSP/RNH.
Heading into tomorrow afternoon, yet another round of convection
is possible for southern MN and western WI, but have left any
mention out for now. Winds are still southerly and breezy with
gusts around 25kts. A slight shift to the southwest is expected
overnight into tomorrow with speeds decreasing to around 10kts.

KMSP...Best timing for TSRA looks to be sometime after 03z. Will
be able to narrow down the window once the line develops in the
next hour or two. As mentioned above, included a PROB30 for TSRA
early tomorrow morning. Southwesterly winds 10-15kts are
expected late tonight through the end of the period.

/OUTLOOK FOR KMSP/
WED...VFR. Chc -TSRA. Wind SW 10-15G25 kts.
THU...VFR. Chc PM -TSRA. S 5-10 kts.
FRI...VFR. S 5-10kts.

&&

.MPX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
MN...Heat Advisory until midnight CDT tonight for Chippewa-Douglas-
     Lac Qui Parle-Pope-Stevens-Swift-Todd-Yellow Medicine.
     Extreme Heat Warning until midnight CDT tonight for Anoka-
     Benton-Blue Earth-Brown-Carver-Chisago-Dakota-Faribault-
     Freeborn-Goodhue-Hennepin-Isanti-Kanabec-Kandiyohi-Le
     Sueur-Martin-McLeod-Meeker-Mille Lacs-Morrison-Nicollet-
     Ramsey-Redwood-Renville-Rice-Scott-Sherburne-Sibley-
     Stearns-Steele-Waseca-Washington-Watonwan-Wright.
     Heat Advisory from midnight tonight to 9 PM CDT Tuesday for
     Anoka-Blue Earth-Brown-Carver-Chisago-Dakota-Faribault-
     Freeborn-Goodhue-Hennepin-Le Sueur-Martin-McLeod-Nicollet-
     Ramsey-Rice-Scott-Sibley-Steele-Waseca-Washington-
     Watonwan-Wright.
WI...Extreme Heat Warning until midnight CDT tonight for Barron-
     Chippewa-Dunn-Eau Claire-Pepin-Pierce-Polk-St. Croix.
     Heat Advisory from midnight tonight to 9 PM CDT Tuesday for
     Barron-Chippewa-Dunn-Eau Claire-Pepin-Pierce-Polk-St.
     Croix.
     Heat Advisory until 9 PM CDT Tuesday for Rusk.

&&

DISCUSSION...BED
AVIATION...Dye
Hazardous weather outlook, Jun 29, 3:50 PM CDT, 6 hours 8 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
350 PM CDT Mon Jun 29 2026

MNZ041>045-047>070-073>078-082>085-091>093-WIZ014>016-023>028-
302100-
Douglas-Todd-Morrison-Mille Lacs-Kanabec-Stevens-Pope-Stearns-
Benton-Sherburne-Isanti-Chisago-Lac Qui Parle-Swift-Chippewa-
Kandiyohi-Meeker-Wright-Hennepin-Anoka-Ramsey-Washington-
Yellow Medicine-Renville-McLeod-Sibley-Carver-Scott-Dakota-
Redwood-Brown-Nicollet-Le Sueur-Rice-Goodhue-Watonwan-Blue Earth-
Waseca-Steele-Martin-Faribault-Freeborn-Polk-Barron-Rusk-
St. Croix-Pierce-Dunn-Pepin-Eau Claire-
350 PM CDT Mon Jun 29 2026

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of central and
southern Minnesota, and west central Wisconsin.

.DAY ONE...Tonight.

Very hot & humid today with heat index values of 100-110 degrees.
Little cooling relief is expected overnight.

Low chance for thunderstorms this evening, but any thunderstorms
that could develop would likely be severe with heavy rain.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Tuesday through Sunday.

Hot & humid conditions continue through the week. Heat index
values are expected to top out between 95-100 degrees daily.

Thunderstorm chances continue through most of the week. Severe
thunderstorms and locally heavy rainfall are possible.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SKYWARN spotter activation may be needed this evening.

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Jun 29, 9:25 PM CDT, 33 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
925 PM CDT Mon Jun 29 2026

MNZ041-048-300330-
Douglas MN-Pope MN-
925 PM CDT Mon Jun 29 2026

...AN AREA OF STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WILL IMPACT DOUGLAS AND POPE
COUNTIES UNTIL 1030 PM CDT...

At 925 PM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking an area of strong
thunderstorms near Cyrus, or 12 miles east of Morris, moving
northeast at 55 mph.

HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 50 mph and penny size hail.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
         unsecured objects. Minor damage to outdoor objects is
         possible.

Locations impacted include...
  Cyrus, Gilchrist, Starbuck, Kensington, Lowry, Glenwood, Grove
  Lake, Holmes City, Villard, Forada, Alexandria, Brandon,
  Evansville, Garfield, Nelson, Carlos, Leaf Valley, Belle River and
  Miltona.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Monitor the weather situation closely and be alert for threatening
weather conditions.

&&

LAT...LON 4593 9576 4611 9577 4611 9515 4593 9515
      4593 9514 4559 9514 4559 9513 4541 9513
      4541 9575 4559 9575 4559 9576
TIME...MOT...LOC 0225Z 214DEG 47KT 4564 9568

MAX HAIL SIZE...0.75 IN
MAX WIND GUST...50 MPH

CTG

The office that day

Everything else NWS Twin Cities, MN issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Jun 29, 9:25 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementMPXDouglas, Pope65 min
Jun 29, 10:25 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementMPXRedwood50 min
Jun 29, 10:27 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm Warning Considerable damage threatMPXMorrison, Todd48 min
Jun 29, 10:32 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMPXBrown, Nicollet, Redwood, Renville43 min
Jun 29, 10:45 PM CDTTornado WarningMPXMorrison, Todd30 min
Jun 30, 2:46 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMPXBlue Earth, Brown, Faribault, Martin, Watonwan59 min
Jun 30, 3:44 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMPXBlue Earth, Brown, Le Sueur, McLeod, Nicollet, Renville and 2 more30 min
Jun 30, 4:57 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMPXBlue Earth, Faribault, Freeborn, Waseca48 min
Jun 30, 5:31 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMPXFreeborn, Steele35 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Minnesota, 2026Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2026

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.