Alert archive / Mississippi / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2026

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 113, NWS Memphis, TN

April 28, 20266 counties in Mississippi

NWS Memphis, TN issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Apr 28, 2026, 10:52 PM CDT for 6 counties in Mississippi. It was in force for 53 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Apr 28, 2026, 10:52 PM CDT (03:52 UTC)
Expired
Apr 28, 2026, 11:45 PM CDT
In force
53 min
Issued by
NWS Memphis, TN
Area
Storm-based polygon
Tornado
Possible
Hail
0.75 in
Wind
60.0 mph

Counties Lafayette County, MS, Marshall County, MS, Panola County, MS, Pontotoc County, MS, Tate County, MS, Union County, MS

The radar

The Memphis radar (KNQA), 90 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 03:51 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

IssuedProductOfficeLasted
Apr 28, 9:41 PM CDTTornado WatchSPC4 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Jackson, MS (KJAN), launched 00:00Z, 3.9 hours before the alert went out and 250 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Jackson, MS at 00:00Z on 2026-04-29Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 1602 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Jackson, MS at 00:00Z on 2026-04-29The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 244 square meters per square second.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1602 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-31 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
720 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
58 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
244 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
467 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
4.6
Supercell composite
24.2

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

122 
WUUS54 KMEG 290352
SVRMEG
MSC071-093-107-115-137-145-290445-
/O.NEW.KMEG.SV.W.0113.260429T0352Z-260429T0445Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Severe Thunderstorm Warning
National Weather Service Memphis TN
1052 PM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

The National Weather Service in Memphis has issued a

* Severe Thunderstorm Warning for...
  Lafayette County in northwestern Mississippi...
  Union County in northeastern Mississippi...
  Northwestern Pontotoc County in northeastern Mississippi...
  Southern Marshall County in northwestern Mississippi...
  Tate County in northwestern Mississippi...
  Northern Panola County in northwestern Mississippi...

* Until 1145 PM CDT.

* At 1052 PM CDT, severe thunderstorms were located along a line
  extending from 6 miles south of Wall Doxey State Park to near
  Crenshaw, moving east at 35 mph.

  HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts.

  SOURCE...Radar indicated.

  IMPACT...Expect damage to roofs, siding, and trees.

* Locations impacted include...
  Oxford, Senatobia, New Albany, Holly Springs National Forest, John
  W Kyle State Park, Sardis, Coldwater, Como, Ecru, Cambridge,
  Harmontown, Bethlehem, Laws Hill, Barr, Etta, Burgess,
  Independence, Denmark, Pinedale, and Thaxton.

This includes the following highways...
 Interstate 22 in Mississipppi between mile markers 54 and 69.
 Interstate 55 in Mississippi between mile markers 251 and 272.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Remain alert for a possible tornado! Tornadoes can develop quickly
from severe thunderstorms. If you spot a tornado go at once into the
storm shelter or small central room in a sturdy structure.

For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.

Torrential rainfall is occurring with these storms, and may lead to
flash flooding. Do not drive your vehicle through flooded roadways.

A Tornado Watch remains in effect until 400 AM CDT for northeastern
and northwestern Mississippi.

&&

LAT...LON 3452 9020 3455 9020 3456 9022 3471 9004
      3471 8972 3460 8930 3458 8930 3459 8924
      3447 8880 3421 8944
TIME...MOT...LOC 0352Z 290DEG 32KT 3458 8944 3453 9010 

TORNADO...POSSIBLE
HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...<.75 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH

$$

JAB
3 follow-up statements
142 
WWUS54 KMEG 290418
SVSMEG

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Memphis TN
1118 PM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

MSC071-093-107-115-137-145-290445-
/O.CON.KMEG.SV.W.0113.000000T0000Z-260429T0445Z/
Lafayette MS-Union MS-Pontotoc MS-Marshall MS-Tate MS-Panola MS-
1118 PM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1145 PM CDT
FOR LAFAYETTE...UNION...NORTHWESTERN PONTOTOC...SOUTHERN MARSHALL...
SOUTHEASTERN TATE AND NORTHEASTERN PANOLA COUNTIES...

At 1118 PM CDT, severe thunderstorms were located along a line
extending from near Etta to near Sardis, moving southeast at 35 mph.

HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Expect damage to roofs, siding, and trees.

Locations impacted include...
Oxford, New Albany, Holly Springs National Forest, John W Kyle State
Park, Como, Ecru, Cambridge, Harmontown, Bethlehem, Laws Hill, Barr,
Etta, Denmark, Pinedale, Thaxton, Myrtle, Abbeville, Shari, Keel, and
Esperanza.

This includes the following highways...
 Interstate 22 in Mississipppi between mile markers 54 and 69.
 Interstate 55 in Mississippi between mile markers 256 and 263.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Tornado Watch remains in effect until 400 AM CDT for northeastern
and northwestern Mississippi.

Remain alert for a possible tornado! Tornadoes can develop quickly
from severe thunderstorms. If you spot a tornado go at once into the
storm shelter or small central room in a sturdy structure.

For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.

Torrential rainfall is occurring with these storms, and may lead to
flash flooding. Do not drive your vehicle through flooded roadways.

&&

LAT...LON 3453 9004 3464 8985 3471 8972 3460 8930
      3458 8930 3459 8924 3447 8880 3424 8936
TIME...MOT...LOC 0418Z 299DEG 31KT 3451 8927 3447 8986 

TORNADO...POSSIBLE
HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...<.75 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH

$$

JAB
475 
WWUS54 KMEG 290432
SVSMEG

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Memphis TN
1132 PM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

MSC071-093-107-115-137-145-290445-
/O.CON.KMEG.SV.W.0113.000000T0000Z-260429T0445Z/
Lafayette MS-Union MS-Pontotoc MS-Marshall MS-Tate MS-Panola MS-
1132 PM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1145 PM CDT
FOR LAFAYETTE...UNION...NORTHWESTERN PONTOTOC...SOUTHERN MARSHALL...
SOUTHEASTERN TATE AND NORTHEASTERN PANOLA COUNTIES...

At 1132 PM CDT, severe thunderstorms were located along a line
extending from near Etta to near John W Kyle State Park, moving east
at 35 mph.

HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Expect damage to roofs, siding, and trees.

Locations impacted include...
Oxford, New Albany, Holly Springs National Forest, John W Kyle State
Park, Ecru, Cambridge, Harmontown, Etta, Bethlehem, Denmark,
Pinedale, Laws Hill, Thaxton, Myrtle, Abbeville, Malone, Shari,
Poolville, Keel, and Esperanza.

This includes Interstate 22 in Mississipppi between mile markers 54
and 69.
 
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Tornado Watch remains in effect until 400 AM CDT for northeastern
and northwestern Mississippi.

A tornado watch remains in effect for the warned area. Tornadoes can
develop quickly from severe thunderstorms. Although a tornado is not
immediately likely, if one is spotted act quickly and move to a place
of safety inside a sturdy structure, such as a storm shelter or small
interior room.

For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.

Torrential rainfall is occurring with these storms, and may lead to
flash flooding. Do not drive your vehicle through flooded roadways.

&&

LAT...LON 3445 8986 3461 8979 3465 8962 3460 8930
      3458 8930 3459 8924 3447 8880 3424 8936
TIME...MOT...LOC 0432Z 270DEG 32KT 3448 8914 3444 8973 

HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...<.75 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH

$$

JAB
279 
WWUS54 KMEG 290437
SVSMEG

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Memphis TN
1137 PM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

MSC071-093-107-115-137-145-290446-
/O.EXP.KMEG.SV.W.0113.000000T0000Z-260429T0445Z/
Lafayette MS-Union MS-Pontotoc MS-Marshall MS-Tate MS-Panola MS-
1137 PM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR LAFAYETTE...UNION...
NORTHWESTERN PONTOTOC...SOUTHERN MARSHALL...SOUTHEASTERN TATE AND
NORTHEASTERN PANOLA COUNTIES WILL EXPIRE AT 1145 PM CDT...

The storms which prompted the warning have weakened below severe
limits, and no longer pose an immediate threat to life or property.
Therefore, the warning will be allowed to expire. However, heavy 
rain is still possible with these thunderstorms.

A Tornado Watch remains in effect until 400 AM CDT for northeastern
and northwestern Mississippi.

Remember, a Severe Thunderstorm Warning still remains in effect for
portions of Union County in Mississippi until 1215 AM CDT.

&&

LAT...LON 3445 8986 3461 8979 3465 8962 3460 8930
      3458 8930 3459 8924 3447 8880 3424 8936
TIME...MOT...LOC 0436Z 290DEG 32KT 3447 8911 3443 8970 

$$

JAB

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Memphis, TN wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Apr 28, 6:40 PM CDT, 4 hours 12 minutes earlier. Its key messages:

  • Issued at 640 PM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026
  • Another round of severe weather is expected this afternoon into the late evening hours. All hazards will be on the table, particularly damaging winds.
  • Another chance for showers and thunderstorms arrives on Friday with a weak reinforcing cold front. Otherwise, generally dry and progressively cooler weather is expected through the weekend.
Area forecast discussion, Apr 28, 6:40 PM CDT, 4 hours 12 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion...UPDATED
National Weather Service Memphis TN
640 PM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

...New AVIATION...

.KEY MESSAGES...
Issued at 640 PM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

- Another round of severe weather is expected this afternoon into
  the late evening hours. All hazards will be on the table,
  particularly damaging winds.

- Another chance for showers and thunderstorms arrives on Friday
  with a weak reinforcing cold front. Otherwise, generally dry and
  progressively cooler weather is expected through the weekend.

&&

.DISCUSSION...
(This evening through next Monday)
Issued at 111 PM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

A very brief lull in convection is underway this late morning
across the Mid-South. There will be a messy convective scheme
unraveling over the next 2-3 hours as a strong cold front makes
its final approach. Severe thunderstorms are ongoing over NW AR
and SW MO, which will become our main focus for this afternoon.
According to the latest CAMs, convective mode will be
multicellular with a high potential for bowing segments,
especially across the Mississippi Delta. These bowing segments
will feature our highest damaging wind threat - most likely in
the 3-7PM time frame today. It's worth noting that there continue
to be considerable timing discrepancies even in the highest
resolution models this afternoon. The grand ensemble of the HREF
attempts to smooth out these inconsistencies, but the HRRR has
handled the observed convection best so far and it favors an
earlier solution by 2-3 hours compared to the remaining CAMs.

Hazard-wise, all threats are on the table today. As previously
alluded to, the convective mode favors a significant damaging
wind threat across north Mississippi this afternoon. While this
is the primary hazard, the low level shear profile is supportive
of embedded tornadoes, some of which could become strong (EF-2+).
Digging into some point soundings, there is noteworthy curvature
in the lowest level of the hodographs indicative of rotating
supercells. Midlevel lapse rates have been very impressive
throughout this multi-day event and will continue to support very
large hail this afternoon at over 7 degC/km. Somewhat of a
sleeper threat may be the heavy rainfall. While these storms will
be fairly progressive in their eastward movement, a training
situation may unfold across the southern half of our area. PWATs
are above the 97.5th percentile for this time of year, which will
support very efficient rainfall rates passing over the same areas
within a few hours of each other. Storm total QPF is manageable
for most of the area at around 1.5 inches through tomorrow, but
it creeps up to near 2.5 inches along our southernmost zones.
Especially with the Memphis metro, flooding will be a sneaky
hazard today.

After the convection moves through tonight, we should be all
clear of severe weather no later than 1AM. This is a very slow-
moving front and thus we'll still have some straggling post-
frontal showers over north MS for much of the day Wednesday.
Following this frontal passage and a weak reinforcing front on
Friday, cool high pressure will settle in nicely for the next few
days. Temperatures take a steady dive and end up about 10 degrees
below normal by this weekend with highs in the 60s. As southerly
flow returns on the back side of the exiting high pressure
system, we warm back up to near normal next week. However, the
long range forecast does favor a 30-40% chance of below normal
precipitation so we may be entering another mild pattern.

&&

.AVIATION...
(00Z TAFS)
Issued at 640 PM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

Second round of TSRA formed quickly to the south of MEM, having
expanded in coverage as an upper level trough approached from the
southern plains and western Ozarks. This activity will likely
persist with the aid of a developing low level jet (winds around
FL020) increasing to 45kt over north MS by 03Z.

&&

.FIRE WEATHER...
Issued at 111 PM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

Multiple rounds of showers and thunderstorms will move through
this afternoon and evening, resulting in 1-2" of rain areawide to
mitigate fire danger. Dry conditions with minRH values below 40%
will materialize on Thursday, before additional moisture returns
on Friday. The weekend looks dry again with minRH dipping back
below 40%.

&&

.MEG WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
AR...None.
MO...None.
MS...None.
TN...None.
&&

PUBLIC FORECAST...CAD
AVIATION...PWB

In the hours before

Local storm report, Apr 28, 5:56 PM CDT, 4 hours 56 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Memphis TN
556 PM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0456 PM     Tstm Wnd Dmg     2 W Gates               35.84N 89.45W
04/28/2026                   Lauderdale         TN   911 Call Center

            Trees down on Highway 51 and Dry Hill Rd E.

&&

MJ
Local storm report, Apr 28, 5:57 PM CDT, 4 hours 55 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Memphis TN
557 PM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0457 PM     Tstm Wnd Dmg     2 WNW Halls             35.89N 89.43W
04/28/2026                   Lauderdale         TN   911 Call Center

            Tree down on Highway 88 W.

&&

MJ
Local storm report, Apr 28, 6:03 PM CDT, 4 hours 49 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Memphis TN
603 PM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0536 PM     Tstm Wnd Dmg     4 S Campbell            36.44N 90.09W
04/28/2026                   Dunklin            MO   Emergency Mngr

            Tree over the road south of Campbell.

&&

TAB
Local storm report, Apr 28, 7:17 PM CDT, 3 hours 35 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Memphis TN
717 PM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0620 PM     Hail             3 NNE Coffeeville       34.01N 89.65W
04/28/2026  M0.75 Inch       Yalobusha          MS   Broadcast Media

&&

MJ
Local storm report, Apr 28, 8:46 PM CDT, 2 hours 6 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Memphis TN
846 PM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0844 PM     Flash Flood      West Memphis            35.14N 90.18W
04/28/2026                   Crittenden         AR   Emergency Mngr

            Several roads are being closed due to
            flooding.

&&

MJ
Local storm report, Apr 28, 9:58 PM CDT, 54 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Memphis TN
958 PM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0902 PM     Flash Flood      Colt                    35.13N 90.81W
04/28/2026                   St. Francis        AR   Local Official

            Several roads around Colt are flooded and
            impassable.

&&

MJ

The office that day

Everything else NWS Memphis, TN issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 28, 8:49 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGDeSoto, Marshall41 min
Apr 28, 8:56 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGDeSoto19 min
Apr 28, 9:13 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGDeSoto, Marshall47 min
Apr 28, 9:18 PM CDTAreal Flood AdvisoryMEGDeSoto, Tate, Tunica5 hr
Apr 28, 9:26 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGDeSoto, Marshall, Tate49 min
Apr 28, 9:35 PM CDTAreal Flood AdvisoryMEGMarshall3 hr
Apr 28, 9:45 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningMEGDeSoto3 hr
Apr 28, 10:09 PM CDTAreal Flood AdvisoryMEGMarshall11 min
Apr 28, 10:20 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningMEGMarshall3 hr
Apr 28, 10:25 PM CDTAreal Flood AdvisoryMEGBenton, Lafayette, Tippah3 hr
Apr 28, 10:25 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGAlcorn, Benton, Marshall, Prentiss, Tippah, Union50 min
Apr 28, 10:30 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningMEGBenton3 hr
Apr 28, 10:30 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGChickasaw, Itawamba, Lee, Monroe, Pontotoc45 min
Apr 28, 10:39 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGCoahoma, Lafayette, Panola, Quitman, Tunica, Yalobusha21 min
Apr 28, 10:40 PM CDTAreal Flood AdvisoryMEGTippah3 hr
Apr 28, 10:45 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningMEGLee4 hr
Apr 28, 10:47 PM CDTAreal Flood AdvisoryMEGChickasaw, Itawamba, Monroe, Pontotoc5 hr
Apr 28, 11:04 PM CDTAreal Flood AdvisoryMEGAlcorn, Prentiss2 hr
Apr 28, 11:07 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGItawamba, Monroe40 min
Apr 28, 11:10 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGAlcorn, Itawamba, Lee, Prentiss, Tippah, Tishomingo and 1 more65 min
Apr 28, 11:16 PM CDTAreal Flood AdvisoryMEGCalhoun, Lafayette, Pontotoc, Tate, Union4 hr
Apr 28, 11:20 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGAlcorn, Tippah, Tishomingo27 min
Apr 28, 11:32 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningMEGChickasaw, Itawamba, Monroe3 hr
Apr 29, 12:06 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGItawamba, Lee, Monroe25 min
Apr 29, 2:16 AM CDTAreal Flood AdvisoryMEGLee113 min
Apr 29, 2:38 AM CDTSpecial Weather StatementMEGCoahoma37 min
Apr 29, 2:55 AM CDTSpecial Weather StatementMEGItawamba20 min
Apr 29, 3:05 AM CDTSpecial Weather StatementMEGPanola25 min
Apr 29, 3:24 AM CDTSpecial Weather StatementMEGLafayette, Union36 min
Apr 29, 3:44 AM CDTSpecial Weather StatementMEGPanola31 min
Apr 29, 3:58 AM CDTSpecial Weather StatementMEGPrentiss, Union32 min
Apr 29, 4:00 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGLafayette, Marshall, Panola45 min
Apr 29, 4:28 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGLafayette, Marshall, Tippah, Union47 min
Apr 29, 5:03 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGLee, Prentiss, Tippah, Tishomingo, Union23 min
Apr 29, 5:26 AM CDTSpecial Weather StatementMEGPrentiss, Tishomingo34 min
Apr 29, 6:46 AM CDTRiver Flood WarningMEGMonroe22 hr
Apr 29, 8:24 AM CDTRiver Flood WarningMEGMonroe19 hr
Apr 29, 8:27 AM CDTRiver Flood WarningMEGLowndes, Monroe4 days

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Mississippi, 2026Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2026

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.