Alert archive / Illinois / Tornado Warnings in 2026
Tornado Warning 77, NWS Quad Cities, IA
NWS Quad Cities, IA issued this tornado warning at Aug 9, 2026, 9:00 PM CDT for Bureau County, Henry County, Illinois. It was in force for 29 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued.
The facts
- Issued
- Aug 9, 2026, 9:00 PM CDT (02:00 UTC)
- Expired
- Aug 9, 2026, 9:29 PM CDT
- In force
- 29 min
- Issued by
- NWS Quad Cities, IA
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Tornado
- Radar indicated
- Damage threat
- Considerable
- Hail
- 0.75 in
Counties Bureau County, IL, Henry County, IL
The radar
The Quad Cities radar (KDVN), 69 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 01:59 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
Did it verify
Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this tornado warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The watch it was issued in
The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.
| Issued | Product | Office | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 9, 8:43 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 7 hr |
The nearest sounding before it
Davenport, (KDVN), launched 00:00Z, 2.0 hours before the alert went out and 64 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 3740 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -2 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 810 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 37 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 32 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 322 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 4.3
- Supercell composite
- 24.8
The text
As transmitted.
276
WFUS53 KDVN 100200
TORDVN
ILC011-073-100245-
/O.NEW.KDVN.TO.W.0077.260810T0200Z-260810T0245Z/
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
Tornado Warning
National Weather Service Quad Cities IA/IL
900 PM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026
The National Weather Service in the Quad Cities has issued a
* Tornado Warning for...
East central Henry County in northwestern Illinois...
West central Bureau County in north central Illinois...
* Until 945 PM CDT.
* At 900 PM CDT, a large and extremely dangerous tornado was located
over Johnson-Sauk Trail State Park, or 7 miles north of Kewanee,
moving east at 20 mph.
This is a PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION. TAKE COVER NOW!
HAZARD...Damaging tornado.
SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.
IMPACT...You are in a life-threatening situation. Flying debris
may be deadly to those caught without shelter. Mobile
homes will be destroyed. Considerable damage to homes,
businesses, and vehicles is likely and complete
destruction is possible.
* The tornado will be near...
Sheffield, Neponset, and Mineral around 905 PM CDT.
Buda around 910 PM CDT.
This also includes Hennepin Canal State Trail, Johnson-Sauk Trail
State Recreation Area, and Mautino State Fish & Wildlife Area.
This includes Interstate 80 in Illinois between mile markers 30 and
47.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
To repeat, a large, extremely dangerous and potentially deadly
tornado is on the ground. To protect your life, TAKE COVER NOW! Move
to a basement or an interior room on the lowest floor of a sturdy
building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a mobile home, or in
a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter and protect
yourself from flying debris.
Tornadoes are extremely difficult to see and confirm at night. Do not
wait to see or hear the tornado. TAKE COVER NOW!
&&
LAT...LON 4131 8994 4144 8997 4144 8965 4129 8960
TIME...MOT...LOC 0200Z 269DEG 16KT 4134 8989
TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
TORNADO DAMAGE THREAT...CONSIDERABLE
MAX HAIL SIZE...<.75 IN
$$
Ervin6 follow-up statements
568
WWUS53 KDVN 100204
SVSDVN
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Quad Cities IA/IL
904 PM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026
ILC011-073-100245-
/O.CON.KDVN.TO.W.0077.000000T0000Z-260810T0245Z/
Henry IL-Bureau IL-
904 PM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026
...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 945 PM CDT FOR EAST
CENTRAL HENRY AND WEST CENTRAL BUREAU COUNTIES...
At 903 PM CDT, a confirmed large and extremely dangerous tornado was
located over Johnson-Sauk Trail State Park, or 8 miles north of
Kewanee, moving northeast at 25 mph.
This is a PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION. TAKE COVER NOW!
HAZARD...Damaging tornado.
SOURCE...Weather spotters confirmed tornado.
IMPACT...You are in a life-threatening situation. Flying debris may
be deadly to those caught without shelter. Mobile homes
will be destroyed. Considerable damage to homes,
businesses, and vehicles is likely and complete destruction
is possible.
The tornado will be near...
Sheffield, Buda, and Mineral around 910 PM CDT.
This also includes Hennepin Canal State Trail, Johnson-Sauk Trail
State Recreation Area, and Mautino State Fish & Wildlife Area.
This includes Interstate 80 in Illinois between mile markers 35 and
47.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
To repeat, a large, extremely dangerous and potentially deadly
tornado is on the ground. To protect your life, TAKE COVER NOW! Move
to a basement or an interior room on the lowest floor of a sturdy
building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a mobile home, or in
a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter and protect
yourself from flying debris.
Tornadoes are extremely difficult to see and confirm at night. Do not
wait to see or hear the tornado. TAKE COVER NOW!
&&
LAT...LON 4132 8994 4136 8995 4139 8996 4144 8965
4129 8960
TIME...MOT...LOC 0203Z 247DEG 23KT 4136 8988
TORNADO...OBSERVED
TORNADO DAMAGE THREAT...CONSIDERABLE
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.25 IN
$$
Ervin666
WWUS53 KDVN 100206
SVSDVN
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Quad Cities IA/IL
906 PM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026
ILC011-073-100245-
/O.CON.KDVN.TO.W.0077.000000T0000Z-260810T0245Z/
Henry IL-Bureau IL-
906 PM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026
...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 945 PM CDT FOR EAST
CENTRAL HENRY AND WEST CENTRAL BUREAU COUNTIES...
At 906 PM CDT, a confirmed tornado was located over Mineral, or 9
miles north of Kewanee, moving northeast at 25 mph.
HAZARD...Damaging tornado and half dollar size hail.
SOURCE...Weather spotters confirmed tornado.
IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without
shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. Damage
to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur. Tree damage is
likely.
This tornado will be near...
Sheffield, Buda, and Mineral around 910 PM CDT.
This also includes Hennepin Canal State Trail, Johnson-Sauk Trail
State Recreation Area, and Mautino State Fish & Wildlife Area.
This includes Interstate 80 in Illinois between mile markers 35 and
47.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
To repeat, a tornado is on the ground. TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a
basement or an interior room on the lowest floor of a sturdy
building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a mobile home, or in
a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter and protect
yourself from flying debris.
Tornadoes are extremely difficult to see and confirm at night. Do not
wait to see or hear the tornado. TAKE COVER NOW!
&&
LAT...LON 4132 8994 4136 8995 4139 8996 4144 8965
4129 8960
TIME...MOT...LOC 0206Z 247DEG 23KT 4137 8986
TORNADO...OBSERVED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.25 IN
$$
Ervin582
WWUS53 KDVN 100213
SVSDVN
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Quad Cities IA/IL
913 PM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026
ILC011-073-100245-
/O.CON.KDVN.TO.W.0077.000000T0000Z-260810T0245Z/
Henry IL-Bureau IL-
913 PM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026
...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 945 PM CDT FOR EAST
CENTRAL HENRY AND WEST CENTRAL BUREAU COUNTIES...
At 912 PM CDT, a confirmed tornado was located over Mineral, or 9
miles northeast of Kewanee, moving east at 20 mph.
HAZARD...Damaging tornado and quarter size hail.
SOURCE...Weather spotters confirmed tornado.
IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without
shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. Damage
to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur. Tree damage is
likely.
This tornado will be near...
Sheffield and Buda around 920 PM CDT.
This also includes Hennepin Canal State Trail and Mautino State Fish
& Wildlife Area.
This includes Interstate 80 in Illinois between mile markers 35 and
46.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
To repeat, a tornado is on the ground. TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a
basement or an interior room on the lowest floor of a sturdy
building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a mobile home, or in
a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter and protect
yourself from flying debris.
Tornadoes are extremely difficult to see and confirm at night. Do not
wait to see or hear the tornado. TAKE COVER NOW!
&&
LAT...LON 4133 8986 4135 8991 4140 8990 4144 8965
4132 8964
TIME...MOT...LOC 0212Z 253DEG 19KT 4136 8983
TORNADO...OBSERVED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.00 IN
$$
Ervin213
WWUS53 KDVN 100219
SVSDVN
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Quad Cities IA/IL
919 PM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026
ILC073-100229-
/O.CAN.KDVN.TO.W.0077.000000T0000Z-260810T0245Z/
Henry IL-
919 PM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026
...THE TORNADO WARNING FOR EAST CENTRAL HENRY COUNTY IS CANCELLED...
The tornadic thunderstorm which prompted the warning has weakened.
moved out of the warned area. Therefore, the warning has been
cancelled.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 400 AM CDT for
north central Illinois.
&&
LAT...LON 4133 8983 4136 8984 4141 8984 4144 8965
4132 8964
TIME...MOT...LOC 0219Z 253DEG 19KT 4137 8979
$$
ILC011-100245-
/O.CON.KDVN.TO.W.0077.000000T0000Z-260810T0245Z/
Bureau IL-
919 PM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026
...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 945 PM CDT FOR WEST
CENTRAL BUREAU COUNTY...
At 919 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado
was located over Mineral, or 11 miles northeast of Kewanee, moving
east at 20 mph.
HAZARD...Tornado and quarter size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.
IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without
shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. Damage
to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur. Tree damage is
likely.
This dangerous storm will be near...
Sheffield and Buda around 925 PM CDT.
This also includes Hennepin Canal State Trail and Mautino State Fish
& Wildlife Area.
This includes Interstate 80 in Illinois between mile markers 37 and
46.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a basement or an interior room on the lowest
floor of a sturdy building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a
mobile home, or in a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter
and protect yourself from flying debris.
&&
LAT...LON 4133 8983 4136 8984 4141 8984 4144 8965
4132 8964
TIME...MOT...LOC 0219Z 253DEG 19KT 4137 8979
TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.00 IN
$$
Ervin310
WWUS53 KDVN 100225
SVSDVN
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Quad Cities IA/IL
925 PM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026
ILC011-100245-
/O.CON.KDVN.TO.W.0077.000000T0000Z-260810T0245Z/
Bureau IL-
925 PM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026
...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 945 PM CDT FOR WEST
CENTRAL BUREAU COUNTY...
At 925 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado
was located over Sheffield, or 13 miles northeast of Kewanee, moving
east at 20 mph.
HAZARD...Tornado.
SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.
IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without
shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. Damage
to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur. Tree damage is
likely.
This tornadic thunderstorm will remain over mainly rural areas of
west central Bureau County.
This also includes Hennepin Canal State Trail.
This includes Interstate 80 in Illinois between mile markers 39 and
46.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a basement or an interior room on the lowest
floor of a sturdy building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a
mobile home, or in a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter
and protect yourself from flying debris.
This storm has a history of producing tornadoes. Seek shelter now!
&&
LAT...LON 4136 8978 4135 8981 4142 8980 4144 8965
4139 8965
TIME...MOT...LOC 0225Z 253DEG 16KT 4139 8976
TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...<.75 IN
$$
Ervin489
WWUS53 KDVN 100229
SVSDVN
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Quad Cities IA/IL
929 PM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026
ILC011-100239-
/O.CAN.KDVN.TO.W.0077.000000T0000Z-260810T0245Z/
Bureau IL-
929 PM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026
...THE TORNADO WARNING FOR WEST CENTRAL BUREAU COUNTY IS CANCELLED...
The storm which prompted the warning has weakened below severe
limits, and no longer appears capable of producing a tornado.
Therefore, the warning has been cancelled.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 400 AM CDT for
north central Illinois.
To report severe weather, contact your nearest law enforcement
agency. They will relay your report to the National Weather Service
the Quad Cities.
&&
LAT...LON 4136 8978 4135 8981 4142 8980 4144 8965
4139 8965
TIME...MOT...LOC 0228Z 269DEG 16KT 4139 8973
$$
ErvinWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Quad Cities, IA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this tornado warning went out at Aug 9, 6:20 PM CDT, 2 hours 40 minutes earlier. Its key messages:
- Chances for storms this evening for portions of the area, as the battle between heat and convection continues (and will continue through at least mid week). Daily severe storm risks also continue with high instability possibly through at least Tuesday.
- A Heat Advisory is in effect today for the southern half of the area with heat indices near 100 or higher. Depending on clouds and storms, Monday may be just as hot.
- Cooler temperatures may occur later in the week and into next weekend if the warm dome of air can get shunted off to the southwest.
Area forecast discussion, Aug 9, 6:20 PM CDT, 2 hours 40 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Quad Cities IA IL
620 PM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026
.KEY MESSAGES...
- Chances for storms this evening for portions of the area, as
the battle between heat and convection continues (and will
continue through at least mid week). Daily severe storm risks
also continue with high instability possibly through at least
Tuesday.
- A Heat Advisory is in effect today for the southern half of
the area with heat indices near 100 or higher. Depending on
clouds and storms, Monday may be just as hot.
- Cooler temperatures may occur later in the week and into next
weekend if the warm dome of air can get shunted off to the
southwest.
&&
.SHORT TERM /THROUGH MONDAY NIGHT/...
Issued at 244 PM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026
Following showers and isolated storms this morning, skies have
mostly cleared, as seen on visible satellite imagery. This, combined
with strong WAA into the region, has helped us to quickly become hot
and humid this afternoon. As of early this afternoon, a warm front
is draped along the Interstate 80 and Interstate 88 corridors, with
gusty winds south of the boundary allowing for some relief amidst
forecast heat indices in the low 90s to near 100 degrees. A Heat
Advisory is in effect until 8 PM this evening for areas along and
south of Interstate 80.
The notable forecast challenge this evening is the potential for
thunderstorms. Overall, the chances for thunderstorms has decreased
due to a cap that extends from 850-700 mb. Still, a low chance (20-
40%) of thunderstorms is possible from 7 to 11 PM this evening,
primarily east of the Mississippi River and along and south of
Interstate 80. If storms are able to develop, there is sufficient
shear and instability to support supercells capable of all severe
hazards.
Heat and humidity will continue on Monday as the warm front remains
draped across the area. While the NBM maintains a 40-80%
probability of exceeding heat indices of 100 degrees south of
Interstate 80, there is some uncertainty due to the potential
for showers and storms as another disturbance passes through the
flow. As such, any heat headline decisions have been left to
the midnight shift.
With the passage of another vort max on Monday, chances for storms
appear most likely in the afternoon and evening. However, capping
may once again limit any storms in our CWA, leading to development
just to our east in northeast Illinois. If storms are able to
develop, a similar setup to today would be in place, leading to
storms capable of all severe hazards.
&&
.LONG TERM /TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY/...
Issued at 300 AM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026
Tuesday through Saturday...With the flattening ridge transition, the
local area may be under the battle zone of the LLVL thermal gradient
and upper level short wave propagation path for almost daily chance
of showers and storms for much of the week and even into the
weekend. This deep summer-like MCS-track for much of the week from
the central plains over to the southern GRT LKS and OH RVR Valley
may add up to quite a bit of rainfall by Friday. At least temps look
cooler by late week and into the weekend as well, with a day or two
possibly held down in the 70s with cloud cover and east winds.
&&
.AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z MONDAY/...
Issued at 616 PM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026
A warm front is lifting northward through the area as of the
start of the period this evening. Thus far, the atmosphere
remains capped off from seeing storms developing along this
front, while farther east and north, near Lake Michigan, storms
are ongoing, and will be into the night, we appear more likely
to remain dry in eastern Iowa and far western Illinois. Some
MVFR cigs are scattered around the area, and may become more
numerous overnight, mainly in northeast Iowa, including DBQ and
CID. Tomorrow, a hot and humid day is expected, with light east
to south winds, and mainly VFR conditions after 15Z. A low
chance for thunderstorm redevelopment is possible in the
afternoon and evening Monday, but coverage is very uncertain,
below 30% in these outer periods, and we will leave it out of
TAFs at this issuance.
&&
.DVN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
IA...Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening for IAZ063>065-067-
068-076>078-087>089-098-099.
IL...Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening for ILZ015-016-
024>026-034-035.
MO...Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening for MOZ009-010.
&&
SHORT TERM...Ellingworth
LONG TERM...12
AVIATION...ErvinHazardous weather outlook, Aug 9, 4:58 AM CDT, 16 hours 2 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook National Weather Service Quad Cities IA IL 458 AM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026 IAZ040>042-051>054-063>068-076>078-087>089-098-099-ILZ001-002-007- 009-015>018-024>026-034-035-MOZ009-010-101100- Buchanan-Delaware-Dubuque-Benton-Linn-Jones-Jackson-Iowa-Johnson- Cedar-Clinton-Muscatine-Scott-Keokuk-Washington-Louisa-Jefferson- Henry IA-Des Moines-Van Buren-Lee-Jo Daviess-Stephenson-Carroll- Whiteside-Rock Island-Henry IL-Bureau-Putnam-Mercer-Henderson- Warren-Hancock-McDonough-Scotland-Clark- 458 AM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026 This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of north central Illinois...northwest Illinois...west central Illinois...east central Iowa...northeast Iowa...southeast Iowa and northeast Missouri. .DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT Several rounds of thunderstorms are possible today and into this evening. There is a chance for severe storms especially from late morning into the afternoon. Damaging winds will be the primary threat, but large hail and a few tornadoes are also possible. The Storm Prediction Center has placed much of the OutLook Area in a Slight(Level 2 of 5) Risk for severe weather today. Locally heavy rainfall and flash flooding will also be possible in areas with repeated storm activity. Dangerous heat and humidity will develop along and south of the Interstate 80 corridor by this afternoon with heat indices surpassing the 100 degree mark. A Heat Advisory has been issued for these areas for this afternoon and evening. Thunderstorms and clouds may temporarily interrupt the heat at times today. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY Rounds of strong to severe storms will again be possible Monday and Tuesday as the area continues to lay under an active storm track. Marginal and Slight Risks for severe weather are in effect for the Outlook Area for both days. Depending on cloud cover and areas of rain, dangerous heat may occur again on Monday and Tuesday with heat index readings approaching or exceeding 100 degrees. Areas most likely for this heat will be along and south of the Interstate 80 corridor. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... There is a good chance that spotter activation will be needed today. 12
In the hours before
Local storm report, Aug 9, 5:28 PM CDT, 3 hours 32 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Quad Cities IA IL
528 PM CDT Sun Aug 9 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0756 PM Tstm Wnd Dmg Rubio 41.22N 91.94W
08/07/2026 Washington IA Emergency Mngr
Delayed Report. Several trees blown down,
many tree branches damaged in Rubio. A car
port was flipped over. Shingles damaged at
same residence. Damaged occurred coincident
with heavy rain and hail. Time estimated
from radar data.
&&
AEThe office that day
Everything else NWS Quad Cities, IA issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 9, 8:57 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DVN | Bureau, Henry | 33 min |
| Aug 9, 9:24 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | DVN | Bureau, Putnam | 28 min |
| Aug 9, 9:33 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | DVN | Henry | 42 min |
| Aug 9, 10:05 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | DVN | Bureau | 55 min |
| Aug 10, 1:57 PM CDT | Heat Advisory | DVN | Hancock, Henderson, McDonough, Mercer, Warren | 30 hr |
Nearby
Tornado Warnings in Illinois, 2026Every tornado warning in 2026Tornadoes in 2026
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.