Alert archive / Pennsylvania / Flash Flood Warnings in 2026

Flash Flood Warning 56, NWS State College, PA

August 7, 2026York County, Pennsylvania

NWS State College, PA issued this flash flood warning at Aug 7, 2026, 3:44 PM EDT for York County, Pennsylvania. It was in force for 3 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Aug 7, 2026, 3:44 PM EDT (19:44 UTC)
Expired
Aug 7, 2026, 6:45 PM EDT
In force
3 hr
Issued by
NWS State College, PA
Area
Storm-based polygon
Flood severity
None

County York County, PA

The radar

The Sterling radar (KLWX), 131 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 19:47 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this flash flood warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Washington/Dulle, VA (KIAD), launched 12:00Z, 7.7 hours before the alert went out and 129 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Washington/Dulle, VA at 12:00Z on 2026-08-07Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 514 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Washington/Dulle, VA at 12:00Z on 2026-08-07The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 29 square meters per square second.1939Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
514 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-149 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1052 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
21 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
29 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
35 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

551 
WGUS51 KCTP 071944
FFWCTP
PAC133-072245-
/O.NEW.KCTP.FF.W.0056.260807T1944Z-260807T2245Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
Flash Flood Warning
National Weather Service State College PA
344 PM EDT Fri Aug 7 2026

The National Weather Service in State College has issued a

* Flash Flood Warning for...
  Southeastern York County in south central Pennsylvania...

* Until 645 PM EDT.

* At 344 PM EDT, Doppler radar indicated thunderstorms producing
  heavy rain across the warned area. Between 1 and 2 inches of rain
  have fallen. Additional rainfall amounts of 1 to 3 inches are
  possible in the warned area. Flash flooding is ongoing or expected
  to begin shortly.

  HAZARD...Flash flooding caused by thunderstorms.

  SOURCE...Radar indicated.

  IMPACT...Flash flooding of small creeks and streams, urban areas,
           highways, streets and underpasses as well as other poor
           drainage and low-lying areas.

* Some locations that will experience flash flooding include...
  Red Lion, Spry, Dallastown, Shrewsbury, Tyler Run-Queens Gate, Glen
  Rock, Jacobus, Windsor, Yoe, Cross Roads, Brogue, Shenks Ferry,
  Safe Harbor, Loganville, Winterstown and Felton.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood
deaths occur in vehicles.

&&

LAT...LON 3988 7638 3981 7653 3977 7671 3983 7677
      3991 7672 3996 7666 3993 7663 3993 7643
      3992 7642 3992 7640 3991 7639 3989 7638

FLASH FLOOD...RADAR INDICATED

$$

Dangelo
3 follow-up statements
198 
WGUS71 KCTP 072108
FFSCTP

Flash Flood Statement
National Weather Service State College PA
508 PM EDT Fri Aug 7 2026

PAC133-072245-
/O.CON.KCTP.FF.W.0056.000000T0000Z-260807T2245Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
York PA-
508 PM EDT Fri Aug 7 2026

...FLASH FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 645 PM EDT THIS
EVENING FOR SOUTHEASTERN YORK COUNTY...

At 508 PM EDT, Doppler radar indicated thunderstorms producing heavy
rain have moved off to the south of central York County. Up to 3
inches of rain have fallen. Any current flooding impacts will
continue, but little to no additional rainfall is expected.

HAZARD...Flash flooding caused by thunderstorms.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Flash flooding of small creeks and streams, urban areas,
         highways, streets and underpasses as well as other poor
         drainage and low-lying areas.

Some locations that will experience flash flooding include...
  Red Lion, Spry, Dallastown, Shrewsbury, Tyler Run-Queens Gate, Glen
  Rock, Jacobus, Windsor, Yoe, Cross Roads, Brogue, Shenks Ferry,
  Safe Harbor, Loganville, Winterstown and Felton.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood
deaths occur in vehicles.

Please report observed flooding to local emergency services or law
enforcement and request they pass this information to the National
Weather Service when you can do so safely.

&&

LAT...LON 3988 7638 3981 7653 3977 7671 3983 7677
      3991 7672 3996 7666 3993 7663 3993 7643
      3992 7642 3992 7640 3991 7639 3989 7638

FLASH FLOOD...RADAR INDICATED

$$

Dangelo
882 
WGUS71 KCTP 072205
FFSCTP

Flash Flood Statement
National Weather Service State College PA
605 PM EDT Fri Aug 7 2026

PAC133-072245-
/O.CON.KCTP.FF.W.0056.000000T0000Z-260807T2245Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
York PA-
605 PM EDT Fri Aug 7 2026

...FLASH FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 645 PM EDT THIS
EVENING FOR CENTRAL YORK COUNTY...

At 605 PM EDT, the heavy rain has ended, but between 2 and 3 inches
of rain have fallen. Minor flooding impacts will continue for a very
short time, but the Flash Flood Warning for area around Red Lion is
expected to be allowed to expire at 645 PM EDT.

HAZARD...Flash flooding caused by thunderstorms.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Flash flooding of small creeks and streams, urban areas,
         highways, streets and underpasses as well as other poor
         drainage and low-lying areas.

Some locations that will experience flash flooding include...
  Red Lion, Spry, Dallastown, Windsor and Yoe.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood
deaths occur in vehicles.

Please report observed flooding to local emergency services or law
enforcement and request they pass this information to the National
Weather Service when you can do so safely.

&&

LAT...LON 3993 7653 3987 7654 3985 7662 3986 7668
      3991 7670 3996 7666 3993 7663

FLASH FLOOD...RADAR INDICATED

$$

Dangelo
465 
WGUS71 KCTP 072237
FFSCTP

Flash Flood Statement
National Weather Service State College PA
637 PM EDT Fri Aug 7 2026

PAC133-072247-
/O.EXP.KCTP.FF.W.0056.000000T0000Z-260807T2245Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
York PA-
637 PM EDT Fri Aug 7 2026

...FLASH FLOOD WARNING WILL EXPIRE AT 645 PM EDT THIS EVENING FOR
CENTRAL YORK COUNTY...

Flood waters are receding. Flooding is no longer expected to pose a
threat. Please continue to heed any remaining road closures.

&&

LAT...LON 3993 7653 3987 7654 3985 7662 3986 7668
      3991 7670 3996 7666 3993 7663

$$

Dangelo

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS State College, PA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flash flood warning went out at Aug 7, 11:56 AM EDT, 3 hours 48 minutes earlier. Its key messages:

  • 1) Periods of showers/scattered thunderstorms through Saturday will bring localized flash flooding risk across central Pennsylvania. Strong-to-severe storms also possible this afternoon/evening. 2) Very warm temperatures and humid conditions will lead to heat index values approaching 100 degrees across portions of the Lower Susquehanna Valley today.
Area forecast discussion, Aug 7, 11:56 AM EDT, 3 hours 48 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service State College PA
1156 AM EDT Fri Aug 7 2026

.WHAT HAS CHANGED...
* Raising POPS and basin avg QPF by a few to several tenths of
  an inch across the Northwest this morning/early afternoon and
  across the SE half of the CWA for this afternoon.

&&

.KEY MESSAGES...
1) Periods of showers/scattered thunderstorms through Saturday
will bring localized flash flooding risk across central
Pennsylvania. Strong-to-severe storms also possible this
afternoon/evening.

2) Very warm temperatures and humid conditions will lead to heat
index values approaching 100 degrees across portions of the
Lower Susquehanna Valley today.

&&

.DISCUSSION...
KEY MESSAGE 1: Periods of showers/scattered thunderstorms
through Saturday will bring localized flash flooding risk across
central Pennsylvania. Strong-to-severe storms also possible
this afternoon/evening.

Weak llvl boundaries and areas of signif differential heating
gradient and topographic effects will be the weather influencers
for the midday through early evening hours today. Larger scale
forcing associated with the favorable right entrance region of
a 50-60 kt upper level jet core will move gradually east across
the CWA this afternoon and evening and help to realize the
hefty 2000-3500 j/kg CAPE in the form of localized strong
pulse/multicell TSRA updrafts. Bands of significantly lower 1-6
hour Flash Flood Guidance values across portions of the Susq
Valley and Scent Mtns will have to be monitored closely this
afternoon as convection ramps up/moves east and feeds off the
best instability across this same area.

Weakening convection across the NW third of the CWA and extensive
cloud cover was leading to a notable min in instability with SB
CAPE of 500-1000 J/KG, similar to the setup we saw Thursday
afternoon/evening.

Previous...

Activity on Thursday was largely driven by the terrain in
combination with a very moist airmass. Overall a similar
situation today and Saturday. Location of the more active
weather on Saturday may be a bit further to the east and south.
That is still a ways out.

For the overnight hours into Friday morning, the main concern
aside from an isolated shower will be the potential for fog/low
stratus development with mainly clear skies and calm winds.

More information below.

This concern will be highest in areas that received heavy
rainfall across southern Pennsylvania on Thursday. Updated fog
forecast does outline this potential with valley fog expected
across the northern half of central Pennsylvania. Any fog
formation likely mixes out quickly after sunrise and is out by
9AM EDT.

First glance at the first couple of hours of 00Z 8/7 HREF
ensemble guidance outlines an uptick in shower activity across
northern Ohio overnight compared to previous runs. Thus, have
increased PoPs slightly earlier across NW PA closer to sunrise
compared to previous forecast. Increasing humidity throughout
the day with ample instability (~1000-2000 J/kg across N/W PA
and 2000+ J/kg across S/E PA) will likely allow for slightly
more widespread coverage with more height falls observed in
recent model guidance compared to this afternoon and evening.
In terms of a severe threat, expect scattered thunderstorms to
develop with potentially a slight uptick in coverage compared to
this afternoon. Isolated instances of strong-to-damaging winds
appear to be the main hazard with these, mainly in the form of
wet microbursts given the instability, moisture, and lift
(trough approaching the area) in play.

The overly moist air mass, with PWATs exceeding the 90th
percentile across all of central Pennsylvania, will brings
another round of flash flooding concerns on Friday and Saturday,
mainly during the afternoon/evening hours. This flooding threat
could be minimized by more progressive storm motions; however,
given the amount of moisture, any shower/storm will likely bring
efficient rainfall to the region and any location (especially
urban and poor drainage locations) that receive multiple rounds
of heavy rainfall could experience localized flash flooding.
Recent HREF PMMs does paint a corridor 2-3" rainfall amounts
along the Pennsylvania Turnpike Friday afternoon/evening, which
tracks with the ample moisture available. Do want to highlight
that while this signal exists, location of this corridor remains
the main point of uncertainty at this time so remain weather
aware and have multiple ways to receive warnings tomorrow
afternoon/evening. Heavy rain signal on Saturday is more muted;
however, if this heavier corridor of rain plays out as
predicted, some locations could need very little rainfall for
additional flooding concerns on Saturday.

   ------------------------------------------------------

KEY MESSAGE 2: Very warm temperatures and humid conditions will
lead to heat index values approaching 100 degrees across
portions of the Lower Susquehanna Valley today.

Current grids only show a few grid points getting close.
Also temperatures being push back down by showers and
storms, temperatures may not stay up in that range for
very long anyway.

More information below.

Increasing heat and humidity throughout the afternoon hours
ahead of the aforementioned showers/storms will lead to another
hot day across portions of the Lower Susquehanna Valley and
surrounding locations. Recent model guidance does indicate a
slight decrease in temperatures tomorrow with increasing cloud
cover during the late morning/early afternoon hours across the
region which could limit peak heating slightly. That being said,
moisture will be plentiful with dew points expected to reach
into the mid-70s during the afternoon hours ahead of forecast
precipitation. Recent HREF guidance of heat index values
exceeding 100F appear to be more confined to the south and east
of Lancaster County. Highest probabilities max out around
~30-40% for far southern Lancaster County. For reference,
similar guidance was highlight probabilities closer to ~60-70%
for similar locations this afternoon/evening. Given the
uncertainty, have decided to let the upcoming midnight shift
handle heat headlines for Friday to get another run of HREF/NBM
model guidance to assist in this decision. Whether or not a heat
headline gets posted, hot and humid conditions are expected for
the Lower Susquehanna Valley tomorrow before a slight decrease
in heat/humidity for the upcoming weekend.

&&

.AVIATION /15Z FRIDAY THROUGH TUESDAY/...
For the 18Z TAF package, main changes will be to adjust the
timing and duration of convection and the onset of lower
cigs/vsbys in fog later tonight/early Saturday.

Included PROB30s with TSRA with visibility restrictions for
scattered afternoon thunderstorms at the TAF sites. Similar to
Thursday, the storms will be hit or miss, but high PWATs and
heavy downpours mean storms may be capable of brief IFR
visibility restrictions should they cross paths with a terminal.

Outlook...

Sat...Pockets of fog in the morning. Scattered showers/isolated
t-storms with heavy downpours and localized restrictions.

Sun...Mostly dry, some potential for isolated showers across far
W PA. Restrictions possible.

Mon-Tue...Scattered showers/storms. Restrictions possible.

&&

.CTP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
None.

&&

WHAT HAS CHANGED...Lambert/Martin/Beaty
KEY MESSAGES...Lambert/Martin/Beaty
DISCUSSION...Lambert/Martin/Beaty
AVIATION...Lambert/Martin/Lambrech
Hazardous weather outlook, Aug 7, 1:22 PM EDT, 2 hours 22 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service State College PA
122 PM EDT Fri Aug 7 2026

PAZ004>006-010>012-017>019-024>028-033>035-037-041-042-045-046-
049>053-081730-
Warren-McKean-Potter-Elk-Cameron-Northern Clinton-Clearfield-
Northern Centre-Southern Centre-Cambria-Blair-Huntingdon-Mifflin-
Juniata-Somerset-Bedford-Fulton-Tioga-Northern Lycoming-Sullivan-
Southern Clinton-Southern Lycoming-Union-Snyder-Montour-
Northumberland-Columbia-
122 PM EDT Fri Aug 7 2026

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for central Pennsylvania.

.DAY ONE...This afternoon and tonight.

Heavy rain is possible from scattered thunderstorms today
which may lead to isolated instances of flash flooding.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday through Thursday.

Heavy rain is possible from scattered thunderstorms again on
Saturday, which may lead to isolated instances of flash flooding.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotters are encouraged to report significant hazardous weather.

PAZ036-056>059-063>066-081730-
Franklin-Perry-Dauphin-Schuylkill-Lebanon-Cumberland-Adams-York-
Lancaster-
122 PM EDT Fri Aug 7 2026

...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH 540 IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM EDT THIS
EVENING...

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for central Pennsylvania.

.DAY ONE...This afternoon and tonight.

Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to
weather.gov/StateCollege on the internet for more
information about the following hazards.

   Severe Thunderstorm Watch.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday through Thursday.

No hazardous weather is expected at this time.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotter activation is not expected at this time.

In the hours before

Local storm report, Aug 7, 3:04 PM EDT, 40 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service State College PA
304 PM EDT Fri Aug 7 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0250 PM     Flash Flood      2 SSE East Petersburg   40.08N 76.34W
08/07/2026                   Lancaster          PA   Fire Dept/Rescue

            Water across roadway near the intersection
            of Flory Mill Road and Commerce Drive in
            Manheim Township.

&&
Local storm report, Aug 7, 3:11 PM EDT, 33 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service State College PA
311 PM EDT Fri Aug 7 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0307 PM     Flash Flood      3 ENE Mountville        40.05N 76.38W
08/07/2026                   Lancaster          PA   Fire Dept/Rescue

            Water across roadway near the intersection
            of Running Pump Road and Marietta Avenue in
            East Hempfield Township.

&&
Local storm report, Aug 7, 3:14 PM EDT, 30 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service State College PA
314 PM EDT Fri Aug 7 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0256 PM     Tstm Wnd Dmg     1 W Pottsville          40.68N 76.23W
08/07/2026                   Schuylkill         PA   911 Call Center

            Road closed due to trees over roadway.

&&

JAB
Local storm report, Aug 7, 3:25 PM EDT, 19 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service State College PA
325 PM EDT Fri Aug 7 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0323 PM     Flash Flood      3 S East Petersburg     40.06N 76.36W
08/07/2026                   Lancaster          PA   Fire Dept/Rescue

            Residential flooding reported on Seitz Drive
            in East Hempfield Township.

&&
Local storm report, Aug 7, 3:27 PM EDT, 17 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service State College PA
327 PM EDT Fri Aug 7 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0258 PM     Flood            2 SSW Orangeville       41.05N 76.43W
08/07/2026                   Columbia           PA   Emergency Mngr

            About 2 feet of water over the roadway on PA
            487.

&&

JAB
Local storm report, Aug 7, 3:36 PM EDT, 8 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service State College PA
336 PM EDT Fri Aug 7 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0333 PM     Flash Flood      2 SE Landisville        40.07N 76.38W
08/07/2026                   Lancaster          PA   Fire Dept/Rescue

            Flooding reported near the intersection of
            Michener Drive and Nolt Road in East
            Hempfield Township.

&&

The office that day

Everything else NWS State College, PA issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Aug 7, 12:22 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementCTPJuniata, Perry53 min
Aug 7, 12:28 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPJuniata, Perry47 min
Aug 7, 12:52 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementCTPFulton23 min
Aug 7, 1:08 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPJuniata, Perry, Snyder67 min
Aug 7, 1:15 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPColumbia, Dauphin, Northumberland, Schuylkill45 min
Aug 7, 1:17 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementCTPFulton28 min
Aug 7, 1:40 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCumberland, Franklin, Fulton50 min
Aug 7, 1:53 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningCTPColumbia, Dauphin, Northumberland, Schuylkill3 hr
Aug 7, 1:56 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPLancaster, York49 min
Aug 7, 2:01 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCumberland, Franklin44 min
Aug 7, 2:08 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningCTPFranklin2 hr
Aug 7, 2:34 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPLebanon, Schuylkill41 min
Aug 7, 2:42 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningCTPLancaster, York3 hr
Aug 7, 2:44 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPLancaster, York31 min
Aug 7, 2:59 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningCTPLancaster, York3 hr
Aug 7, 3:16 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPLancaster, York29 min
Aug 7, 3:17 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPSchuylkill28 min
Aug 7, 3:45 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementCTPYork30 min
Aug 7, 5:44 PM EDTAreal Flood WarningCTPLancaster, York3 hr
Aug 7, 6:09 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementCTPFulton36 min
Aug 7, 6:14 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementCTPSomerset31 min
Aug 7, 6:32 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPBedford, Fulton15 min
Aug 7, 6:53 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementCTPFulton37 min
Aug 7, 7:10 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementCTPHuntingdon35 min
Aug 7, 7:20 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCentre, Huntingdon, Mifflin40 min
Aug 7, 7:24 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementCTPFulton21 min

Nearby

Flash Flood Warnings in Pennsylvania, 2026Every flash flood warning in 2026

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.