Alert archive / Massachusetts / Gale Warnings in 2026

Gale Warning 14, NWS Boston/Norton, MA

April 12, 2026

NWS Boston/Norton, MA issued this gale warning at Apr 12, 2026, 1:50 PM EDT. It took effect at Apr 13, 2026, 6:00 AM EDT. It was in force for 12 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Apr 12, 2026, 1:50 PM EDT (17:50 UTC)
In effect from
Apr 13, 2026, 6:00 AM EDT
Expired
Apr 13, 2026, 6:00 PM EDT
In force
12 hr
Issued by
NWS Boston/Norton, MA

The text

As transmitted.

582 
WHUS71 KBOX 121750
MWWBOX

URGENT - MARINE WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Boston/Norton MA
150 PM EDT Sun Apr 12 2026

ANZ231>234-131000-
/O.UPG.KBOX.GL.A.0012.260413T1000Z-260413T2200Z/
/O.NEW.KBOX.GL.W.0014.260413T1000Z-260413T2200Z/
Cape Cod Bay-Nantucket Sound-Vineyard Sound-Buzzards Bay-
150 PM EDT Sun Apr 12 2026

...GALE WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 6 AM TO 6 PM EDT MONDAY...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 15 to 25 kt with gusts up to 35 kt and 
  seas 3 to 5 feet expected.

* WHERE...Cape Cod Bay, Nantucket Sound, Vineyard Sound and 
  Buzzards Bay.

* WHEN...From 6 AM to 6 PM EDT Monday.

* IMPACTS...Strong winds will cause hazardous seas which could
  capsize or damage vessels and reduce visibility.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Mariners should alter plans to avoid these hazardous conditions.
Remain in port, seek safe harbor, alter course, and/or secure the
vessel for hazardous conditions.

&&

$$

ANZ235-237-131000-
/O.CON.KBOX.SC.Y.0047.260413T0600Z-260414T0900Z/
Rhode Island Sound-Block Island Sound-
150 PM EDT Sun Apr 12 2026

...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 2 AM MONDAY TO
5 AM EDT TUESDAY...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 10 to 20 kt with gusts up to 30 kt and 
  seas 4 to 7 feet expected.

* WHERE...Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound.

* WHEN...From 2 AM Monday to 5 AM EDT Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Conditions will be hazardous to small craft.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Inexperienced mariners, especially those operating smaller
vessels, should avoid navigating in hazardous conditions.

&&

$$

ANZ250-251-131000-
/O.CON.KBOX.SC.Y.0047.260413T0200Z-260414T0600Z/
Coastal waters east of Ipswich Bay and the Stellwagen Bank
National Marine Sanctuary-Massachusetts Bay and Ipswich Bay-
150 PM EDT Sun Apr 12 2026

...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 10 PM THIS EVENING
TO 2 AM EDT TUESDAY...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 15 to 25 kt with gusts up to 30 kt and 
  seas 4 to 6 feet expected.

* WHERE...Coastal waters east of Ipswich Bay and the Stellwagen 
  Bank National Marine Sanctuary and Massachusetts Bay and 
  Ipswich Bay.

* WHEN...From 10 PM this evening to 2 AM EDT Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Conditions will be hazardous to small craft.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Inexperienced mariners, especially those operating smaller
vessels, should avoid navigating in hazardous conditions.

&&

$$

ANZ254>256-131000-
/O.CON.KBOX.SC.Y.0047.260413T0600Z-260414T1200Z/
Coastal waters from Provincetown MA to Chatham MA to Nantucket MA
out 20 nm-
Coastal Waters extending out to 25 nm South of Marthas Vineyard
and Nantucket-
Coastal Waters from Montauk NY to Marthas Vineyard extending out
to 20 nm South of Block Island-
150 PM EDT Sun Apr 12 2026

...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 2 AM MONDAY TO
8 AM EDT TUESDAY...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 15 to 25 kt with gusts up to 35 kt and 
  seas 6 to 9 feet expected.

* WHERE...In Massachusetts coastal waters, Coastal waters from 
  Provincetown MA to Chatham MA to Nantucket MA out 20 nm and 
  Coastal Waters extending out to 25 nm South of Marthas 
  Vineyard and Nantucket. In Rhode Island coastal waters, 
  Coastal Waters from Montauk NY to Marthas Vineyard extending 
  out to 20 nm South of Block Island.

* WHEN...From 2 AM Monday to 8 AM EDT Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Conditions will be hazardous to small craft.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Inexperienced mariners, especially those operating smaller
vessels, should avoid navigating in hazardous conditions.

&&

$$

ANZ230-236-131000-
/O.CON.KBOX.SC.Y.0047.260413T0600Z-260414T0000Z/
Boston Harbor-Narragansett Bay-
150 PM EDT Sun Apr 12 2026

...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 2 AM TO 8 PM EDT
MONDAY...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 10 to 15 kt with gusts up to 30 kt and 
  waves 2 to 4 feet expected.

* WHERE...In Massachusetts coastal waters, Boston Harbor. In 
  Rhode Island coastal waters, Narragansett Bay.

* WHEN...From 2 AM to 8 PM EDT Monday.

* IMPACTS...Conditions will be hazardous to small craft.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Inexperienced mariners, especially those operating smaller
vessels, should avoid navigating in hazardous conditions.

&&

$$
2 follow-up statements
068 
WHUS71 KBOX 130711
MWWBOX

URGENT - MARINE WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Boston/Norton MA
311 AM EDT Mon Apr 13 2026

ANZ231>234-132015-
/O.CON.KBOX.GL.W.0014.260413T1000Z-260413T2200Z/
Cape Cod Bay-Nantucket Sound-Vineyard Sound-Buzzards Bay-
311 AM EDT Mon Apr 13 2026

...GALE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 PM EDT THIS EVENING...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 15 to 25 kt with gusts up to 35 kt and 
  seas 3 to 5 feet expected.

* WHERE...Cape Cod Bay, Nantucket Sound, Vineyard Sound and 
  Buzzards Bay.

* WHEN...Until 6 PM EDT this evening.

* IMPACTS...Strong winds will cause hazardous seas which could 
  capsize or damage vessels and reduce visibility.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Mariners should alter plans to avoid these hazardous conditions.
Remain in port, seek safe harbor, alter course, and/or secure the
vessel for hazardous conditions.

&&

$$

ANZ254>256-132015-
/O.EXT.KBOX.SC.Y.0047.000000T0000Z-260414T1600Z/
Coastal waters from Provincetown MA to Chatham MA to Nantucket MA
out 20 nm-
Coastal Waters extending out to 25 nm South of Marthas Vineyard
and Nantucket-
Coastal Waters from Montauk NY to Marthas Vineyard extending out
to 20 nm South of Block Island-
311 AM EDT Mon Apr 13 2026

...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON EDT TUESDAY...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 15 to 25 kt with gusts up to 30 kt and 
  seas 5 to 8 feet.

* WHERE...In Massachusetts coastal waters, Coastal waters from 
  Provincetown MA to Chatham MA to Nantucket MA out 20 nm and 
  Coastal Waters extending out to 25 nm South of Marthas 
  Vineyard and Nantucket. In Rhode Island coastal waters, 
  Coastal Waters from Montauk NY to Marthas Vineyard extending 
  out to 20 nm South of Block Island.

* WHEN...Until noon EDT Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Conditions will be hazardous to small craft.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Inexperienced mariners, especially those operating smaller
vessels, should avoid navigating in hazardous conditions.

&&

$$

ANZ235-237-132015-
/O.CON.KBOX.SC.Y.0047.000000T0000Z-260414T0900Z/
Rhode Island Sound-Block Island Sound-
311 AM EDT Mon Apr 13 2026

...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 5 AM EDT
TUESDAY...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 15 to 25 kt with gusts up to 30 kt and 
  seas 4 to 7 feet.

* WHERE...Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound.

* WHEN...Until 5 AM EDT Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Conditions will be hazardous to small craft.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Inexperienced mariners, especially those operating smaller
vessels, should avoid navigating in hazardous conditions.

&&

$$

ANZ250-251-132015-
/O.CON.KBOX.SC.Y.0047.000000T0000Z-260414T0600Z/
Coastal waters east of Ipswich Bay and the Stellwagen Bank
National Marine Sanctuary-Massachusetts Bay and Ipswich Bay-
311 AM EDT Mon Apr 13 2026

...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 2 AM EDT
TUESDAY...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 15 to 25 kt with gusts up to 30 kt and 
  seas 4 to 6 feet.

* WHERE...Coastal waters east of Ipswich Bay and the Stellwagen 
  Bank National Marine Sanctuary and Massachusetts Bay and 
  Ipswich Bay.

* WHEN...Until 2 AM EDT Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Conditions will be hazardous to small craft.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Inexperienced mariners, especially those operating smaller
vessels, should avoid navigating in hazardous conditions.

&&

$$

ANZ230-236-132015-
/O.CON.KBOX.SC.Y.0047.000000T0000Z-260414T0000Z/
Boston Harbor-Narragansett Bay-
311 AM EDT Mon Apr 13 2026

...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM EDT THIS
EVENING...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 10 to 20 kt with gusts up to 30 kt and 
  waves 2 to 4 feet.

* WHERE...In Massachusetts coastal waters, Boston Harbor. In 
  Rhode Island coastal waters, Narragansett Bay.

* WHEN...Until 8 PM EDT this evening.

* IMPACTS...Conditions will be hazardous to small craft.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Inexperienced mariners, especially those operating smaller
vessels, should avoid navigating in hazardous conditions.

&&

$$

Frank
788 
WHUS71 KBOX 131721
MWWBOX

URGENT - MARINE WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Boston/Norton MA
121 PM EDT Mon Apr 13 2026

ANZ231>234-132200-
/O.CON.KBOX.GL.W.0014.000000T0000Z-260413T2200Z/
Cape Cod Bay-Nantucket Sound-Vineyard Sound-Buzzards Bay-
121 PM EDT Mon Apr 13 2026

...GALE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 PM EDT THIS EVENING...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 20 to 25 kt with gusts up to 35 kt and 
  seas 3 to 5 feet.

* WHERE...Cape Cod Bay, Nantucket Sound, Vineyard Sound and 
  Buzzards Bay.

* WHEN...Until 6 PM EDT this evening.

* IMPACTS...Strong winds will cause hazardous seas which could 
  capsize or damage vessels and reduce visibility.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Mariners should alter plans to avoid these hazardous conditions.
Remain in port, seek safe harbor, alter course, and/or secure the
vessel for hazardous conditions.

&&

$$

ANZ235-237-140900-
/O.EXT.KBOX.SC.Y.0047.000000T0000Z-260414T1500Z/
Rhode Island Sound-Block Island Sound-
121 PM EDT Mon Apr 13 2026

...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL 11 AM EDT TUESDAY...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 15 to 25 kt with gusts up to 30 kt and 
  seas 4 to 7 feet.

* WHERE...Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound.

* WHEN...Until 11 AM EDT Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Conditions will be hazardous to small craft.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Inexperienced mariners, especially those operating smaller
vessels, should avoid navigating in hazardous conditions.

&&

$$

ANZ254>256-140900-
/O.EXT.KBOX.SC.Y.0047.000000T0000Z-260414T1800Z/
Coastal waters from Provincetown MA to Chatham MA to Nantucket MA
out 20 nm-
Coastal Waters extending out to 25 nm South of Marthas Vineyard
and Nantucket-
Coastal Waters from Montauk NY to Marthas Vineyard extending out
to 20 nm South of Block Island-
121 PM EDT Mon Apr 13 2026

...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL 2 PM EDT TUESDAY...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 15 to 25 kt with gusts up to 30 kt and 
  seas 5 to 8 feet.

* WHERE...In Massachusetts coastal waters, Coastal waters from 
  Provincetown MA to Chatham MA to Nantucket MA out 20 nm and 
  Coastal Waters extending out to 25 nm South of Marthas 
  Vineyard and Nantucket. In Rhode Island coastal waters, 
  Coastal Waters from Montauk NY to Marthas Vineyard extending 
  out to 20 nm South of Block Island.

* WHEN...Until 2 PM EDT Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Conditions will be hazardous to small craft.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Inexperienced mariners, especially those operating smaller
vessels, should avoid navigating in hazardous conditions.

&&

$$

ANZ250-251-140600-
/O.CON.KBOX.SC.Y.0047.000000T0000Z-260414T0600Z/
Coastal waters east of Ipswich Bay and the Stellwagen Bank
National Marine Sanctuary-Massachusetts Bay and Ipswich Bay-
121 PM EDT Mon Apr 13 2026

...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 2 AM EDT
TUESDAY...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 15 to 25 kt with gusts up to 30 kt and 
  seas 4 to 6 feet.

* WHERE...Coastal waters east of Ipswich Bay and the Stellwagen 
  Bank National Marine Sanctuary and Massachusetts Bay and 
  Ipswich Bay.

* WHEN...Until 2 AM EDT Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Conditions will be hazardous to small craft.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Inexperienced mariners, especially those operating smaller
vessels, should avoid navigating in hazardous conditions.

&&

$$

ANZ230-236-140000-
/O.CON.KBOX.SC.Y.0047.000000T0000Z-260414T0000Z/
Boston Harbor-Narragansett Bay-
121 PM EDT Mon Apr 13 2026

...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM EDT THIS
EVENING...

* WHAT...Southwest winds 15 to 20 kt with gusts up to 30 kt and 
  waves 2 to 4 feet.

* WHERE...In Massachusetts coastal waters, Boston Harbor. In 
  Rhode Island coastal waters, Narragansett Bay.

* WHEN...Until 8 PM EDT this evening.

* IMPACTS...Conditions will be hazardous to small craft.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Inexperienced mariners, especially those operating smaller
vessels, should avoid navigating in hazardous conditions.

&&

$$

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this gale warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Boston/Norton, MA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this gale warning went out at Apr 12, 7:40 AM EDT, 6 hours 10 minutes earlier. Its key messages:

  • Dry weather today with highs in the 50s to near 60, but cooler upper 40s to lower 50s on parts of the immediate coast. A few showers tonight, mainly across northern MA. Gusty southerly winds develop toward daybreak Mon.
  • Summer-like warmth much of the work week with highs in the 70s and 80s at least away from the immediate coast. A few showers and thunderstorms are possible at times, but dry weather dominates.
Area forecast discussion, Apr 12, 7:40 AM EDT, 6 hours 10 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Boston/Norton MA
740 AM EDT Sun Apr 12 2026

.WHAT HAS CHANGED...
Small Craft Advisories and Gale Watches issued for our coastal
waters late tonight and Monday. Confidence continues to increase
in well above normal summer-like warmth for much of the work
week, at least away from the immediate coast.

&&

.KEY MESSAGES...

- Dry weather today with highs in the 50s to near 60, but cooler
  upper 40s to lower 50s on parts of the immediate coast. A few
  showers tonight, mainly across northern MA. Gusty southerly
  winds develop toward daybreak Mon.

- Summer-like warmth much of the work week with highs in the 70s
  and 80s at least away from the immediate coast. A few showers
  and thunderstorms are possible at times, but dry weather
  dominates.

&&

.DISCUSSION...
KEY MESSAGE 1...Dry weather today with highs in the 50s to near
60, but cooler upper 40s to lower 50s on parts of the immediate
coast. A few showers tonight, mainly across northern MA. Gusty
southerly winds develop toward daybreak Mon.

Large high pressure gradually shifts east of the region today.
This will result in seasonable/pleasant weather to close out
the weekend...But with much less wind than yesterday. Plenty of
sunshine is also expected this morning...but we should see mid-
high level cloudiness increase and thicken this afternoon out
ahead of an approaching shortwave. High temperatures today will
mainly be in the 50s to perhaps near 60 in spots...but cooler
upper 40s to the lower 50s are expected along parts of the
immediate coast with sea breezes.

A warm front and associated shortwave energy crosses the region
tonight. The deeper moisture and stronger forcing will be
located to our north across northern New England where the bulk
of the showers will reside. Nonetheless...a few showers are
expected tonight mainly across northern MA closer to the better
forcing. Any rainfall amounts though should be rather light. Low
temperatures will be in the 40s...but many locations will rise
to around 50+ toward daybreak Mon as warm advection increases.
In fact...a 45 to 55+ knot southwest LLJ will result in gusty
southwest winds developing toward daybreak.

KEY MESSAGE 2...Summer-like warmth much of the work week with
highs in the 70s and 80s at least away from the immediate coast.
A few showers and thunderstorms are possible at times, but dry
weather dominates.

All of our model guidance continues to support well above normal
temperatures for most of the work week. On Monday...strong warm
advection aloft/southwest LLJ will result in a lot of clouds,
gusty southwest winds and the risk for a few showers at times.
High temps will mainly be in the 60s to the lower 70s...but
cooler along the south coast given gusty southwest winds.

The real warmth looks to arrive Tue and continue for the rest of
the work week. A strong upper level ridge over the Gulf of
Mexico will result in well above normal height fields across the
region. This should yield high temps in the 70s and 80s for the
rest of the work week...At least away from the immediate coast.
We will have to watch for a backdoor cold front lurking to our
north. Most of the guidance keeps it generally north of us
during the work week except for areas near the eastern MA
coast...where temps could be noticeably cooler for a day or two
than the rest of the region. We also should mention that
sometimes these backdoor cold fronts end up further south than
the global guidance suggests...so this will be one potential fly
in the ointment. Again right now thinking outside the immediate
coast...odds favor summerlike warmth for the rest of the week.
But given our climatology...still a bit cautious until we get
into more of the high resolution CAMs which handle these
situations better.

While much of the upcoming week will be dry...there will be the
risk for a few showers/t-storms at times. Westerly flow aloft
coupled with an anomalous airmass in place will result in this
potential especially during the afternoon/evening hours. That
being said...timing of any shortwaves in westerly flow aloft is
often difficult. Just something to keep in mind. FWIW...the CSU
machine learning probs do even has some low severe probs across
the region on Tue.

&&

.AVIATION /12Z SUNDAY THROUGH THURSDAY/...
Forecaster Confidence Levels...

Low - less than 30 percent.
Moderate - 30 to 60 percent.
High - greater than 60 percent.

High confidence.

Mainly VFR conditions continue today through Monday. A few
showers tonight mainly across northern MA may result in briefly
lower/localized conditions. We also should see MVFR-IFR
conditions in low clouds and fog patches develop near the south
coast during the day Monday as high dewpoint air begins to work
over the relatively cold ocean.

Light and variable winds early this morning become S at 6-12 kt
this afternoon, but with localized sea breezes developing along
parts of the immediate coast. SW winds will increase very late
tonight and especially Monday with gusts of 20 to 30 kt
expected, strongest of which will be near the south coast. In
fact, we may see southwest wind gusts near 35 knots in the
vicinity of KFMH given pattern recognition.

KBOS Terminal... High confidence in TAF. Sea breeze should
develop by 14z this morning.

KBDL Terminal... High confidence in TAF.

Outlook /Monday Night through Thursday/...

Monday Night: VFR. Breezy.

Tuesday through Tuesday Night: VFR. Breezy. Scattered SHRA.

Wednesday through Wednesday Night: VFR. Chance SHRA, slight
chance TSRA.

Thursday: VFR. Chance SHRA.

&&

.MARINE...
Forecaster Confidence Levels...

Low - less than 30 percent.
Moderate - 30 to 60 percent.
High - greater than 60 percent.

Today through Monday...High confidence.

Winds/seas will remain below Small Craft Advisory thresholds
today. However, a strengthening LLJ very late tonight and
especially Monday will result in SW wind gusts of 25 to 30+ kt
over all the waters and potentially some nearshore 35 kt gusts
in the climatologically favorable locations in this setup near
Buzzards/Cape Cod Bays as well as Block Island and Nantucket
sounds. Therefore, we opted to issue a Gale Watch for those
waters on Monday. Lastly, will need to watch for the development
of fog across the southern waters on Monday as high dewpoint air
advects northward over the relatively cold ocean.

Outlook /Monday Night through Thursday/...

Monday Night: Low risk for Small Craft Advisory winds with
gusts up to 30 kt. Areas of rough seas. Slight chance of rain
showers.

Tuesday: Winds less than 25 kt. Areas of seas approaching 5 ft.

Tuesday Night: Winds less than 25 kt. Seas locally approaching
5 ft. Isolated rain showers.

Wednesday: Winds less than 25 kt. Seas locally approaching
5 ft. Slight chance of rain showers.

Wednesday Night: Winds less than 25 kt. Areas of seas
approaching 5 ft. Chance of rain showers.

Thursday: Winds less than 25 kt. Areas of seas approaching
5 ft. Slight chance of rain showers.

&&

.BOX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
CT...None.
MA...None.
RI...None.
MARINE...Small Craft Advisory from 2 AM to 8 PM EDT Monday for ANZ230-
     236.
     Gale Watch from Monday morning through Monday afternoon for
     ANZ231>234.
     Small Craft Advisory from 2 AM Monday to 5 AM EDT Tuesday for
     ANZ235-237.
     Small Craft Advisory from 10 PM this evening to 2 AM EDT
     Tuesday for ANZ250-251.
     Small Craft Advisory from 2 AM Monday to 8 AM EDT Tuesday for
     ANZ254>256.

&&

DISCUSSION...Frank
AVIATION...Belk/Frank
MARINE...Frank

The office that day

Everything else NWS Boston/Norton, MA issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 12, 2:08 AM EDTGale WatchBOX12 hr
Apr 12, 2:08 AM EDTSmall Craft AdvisoryBOX3 days

Nearby

Gale Warnings in Massachusetts, 2026Every gale warning in 2026

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text.