Alert archive / New York / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2026

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 49, NWS Albany, NY

July 1, 20264 counties in New York

NWS Albany, NY issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jul 1, 2026, 6:20 PM EDT for 4 counties in New York. It was in force for 40 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued
Jul 1, 2026, 6:20 PM EDT (22:20 UTC)
Expired
Jul 1, 2026, 7:00 PM EDT
In force
40 min
Issued by
NWS Albany, NY
Area
Storm-based polygon
Hail
0.75 in
Wind
60.0 mph

Counties Fulton County, NY, Montgomery County, NY, Saratoga County, NY, Schenectady County, NY

The radar

The Albany radar (KENX), 39 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 22:22 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

TimeReportWhereRemark
Jul 1, 6:40 PM EDTTSTM WND DMG1 Ese Amsterdam, NYReport of trees down in Amsterdam. Time estimated from radar.

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched one storm report to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 20 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

IssuedProductOfficeLasted
Jul 1, 4:57 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC6 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Brookhaven, NY (KOKX), launched 12:00Z, 10.3 hours before the alert went out and 254 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Brookhaven, NY at 12:00Z on 2026-07-01Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 312 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Brookhaven, NY at 12:00Z on 2026-07-01The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 145 square meters per square second.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
312 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-174 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
891 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
40 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
145 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
136 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
-0.3

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

646 
WUUS51 KALY 012220
SVRALY
NYC035-057-091-093-012300-
/O.NEW.KALY.SV.W.0049.260701T2220Z-260701T2300Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Severe Thunderstorm Warning
National Weather Service Albany NY
620 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026

The National Weather Service in Albany has issued a

* Severe Thunderstorm Warning for...
  North central Schenectady County in east central New York...
  Southeastern Fulton County in eastern New York...
  West central Saratoga County in east central New York...
  Southeastern Montgomery County in eastern New York...

* Until 700 PM EDT.

* At 620 PM EDT, a severe thunderstorm was located over Tribes Hill,
  or near Amsterdam, moving east at 15 mph.

  HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and penny size hail.

  SOURCE...Radar indicated.

  IMPACT...Expect damage to roofs, siding, and trees.

* Locations impacted include...
  Amsterdam, Fonda, Glenville, Hagaman, Fort Johnson, Tribes Hill,
  Pattersonville-Rotterdam Junction, Glen, Charleston, Fultonville,
  Auriesville, Hoeseville, Hoffmans, Church Corners, Stairs Corners,
  Scotch Bush, Young Corners, Lost Valley, Davis Corners, and
  Minaville.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.

Large hail, damaging wind, and continuous cloud to ground lightning
are occurring with this storm. Move indoors immediately. Lightning is
one of nature's leading killers. Remember, if you can hear thunder,
you are close enough to be struck by lightning.

Torrential rainfall is occurring with this storm, and may lead to
flash flooding. Do not drive your vehicle through flooded roadways.

&&

Please report hail size...damaging winds and reports of trees down to
the National Weather Service by email at Alb.Stormreport@noaa.gov...
On Facebook at www.facebook.com/nwsalbany or twitter @nwsalbany

LAT...LON 4281 7443 4295 7447 4303 7405 4289 7399
TIME...MOT...LOC 2220Z 259DEG 15KT 4292 7428 

HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.75 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH

$$

KSL

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Albany, NY wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jul 1, 5:07 PM EDT, 1 hour 13 minutes earlier. Its key messages:

  • 1) The combination of hot temperatures and high humidity will lead to an increased risk for heat-related illnesses today through Saturday, when HeatRisk impacts will likely reach the Major to locally Extreme Categories. 2) Thunderstorms are possible each of the next several days, with the greatest coverage expected today and Saturday. Some storms may be strong to severe today with damaging winds and hail up to 1 inch.
Area forecast discussion, Jul 1, 5:07 PM EDT, 1 hour 13 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Albany NY
507 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026

.WHAT HAS CHANGED...
Severe Thunderstorm Watch #432 has been issued for areas north
of Albany in eastern New York and also Bennington County in
southern Vermont. This watch is in effect through 11 pm.

Minor adjustment to probability of precipitation for this
afternoon into tonight as showers and thunderstorms continue to
develop this afternoon and this evening. Otherwise, no changes
made to the current forecast.

&&

.KEY MESSAGES...
1) The combination of hot temperatures and high humidity will lead
to an increased risk for heat-related illnesses today through
Saturday, when HeatRisk impacts will likely reach the Major to
locally Extreme Categories.

2) Thunderstorms are possible each of the next several days, with
the greatest coverage expected today and Saturday. Some storms may
be strong to severe today with damaging winds and hail up to 1
inch.

&&

.DISCUSSION...
KEY MESSAGE 1...
As of 2:30 PM...Dangerous heat continues through Friday across
eastern New York and western New England. Heat headlines
continue for all of eastern New York and western New England.
Surface observations continue to show widespread heat index
(feels-like temperatures) values ranging between 95 and 115
degrees across eastern New York and western New England. Actual
air temperatures range in the low to upper 90s in eastern New
York and western New England valley locations. Thursday is still
on track to be the hottest day this week with highs in the low
to upper 90s. Poughkeepsie area has the greatest risk of
reaching over 100 degrees tomorrow afternoon if plenty of
morning and afternoon sunshine occurs. Continue to have multiple
ways of staying cool and staying hydrated.

Previous Discussion...Friday and Saturday, the ridge begins to
weaken. Both days will remain quite hot, with highs Friday again
well into the 90s for most valley areas. A very weak cold
frontal boundary will track across the region Friday, which
could result in a few more clouds and some isolated convection.
With temps and dew points a couple degrees lower than the
previous days, some areas in the extreme heat warning may be
able to be downgraded to advisories for Friday. Saturday,
temperatures will be more in the low to mid 90s with more
convection around, but additional heat advisories will likely be
needed. A stronger cold front tracks through the region
Saturday night into Sunday as the ridge aloft continues to break
down. Temperatures Sunday into the first half of next week
likely remain above normal with mid and upper 80s (low 90s
possible Sunday in the Mid Hudson Valley), but heat indices
should remain below advisory criteria Sunday onwards.

KEY MESSAGE 2...
As of 2:30 PM...Based on latest analysis of the 18z ALY
sounding, the current environment is favorable for thunderstorms
to develop into this evening. A few storms could become severe
through 8 PM tonight, with primary concerns being 60+ mph winds
and hail up to 1 inch. Where storms develops continues to be the
low confidence portion of the equation today, as they could be
isolated and highly localized if storms get enough energy.
Confidence continues to increase for the severe threat to end by
8 PM, but between 8 PM and midnight there could be additional
showers and thunderstorms as conditions are favorable for
lingering storms. Nevertheless, have multiple ways to receive
warnings and be prepared to head indoors when thunder roars.

Previous Discussion...Forcing is less evident compared to
yesterday, but guidance does show a couple ripples moving
overtop the upper ridge. While the cap will be stronger than
yesterday, it does not look quite as strong as some previous
guidance was suggesting it might be. With numerous OFBs leftover
from the overnight convection, this should provide enough
forcing for isolated to scattered thunderstorms to develop this
afternoon. Shear will be less impressive than yesterday and
hodographs are shorter, so will likely see some loosely
organized clusters as opposed to more coherent line segments
like yesterday. That said, CAPE values >3000J/kg and DCAPE >1000
J/kg will lead to a damaging wind threat with any stronger
storms. Despite high freezing levels, impressive cape through
the HGZ and steep lapse rates could allow for some large hail as
well.

Convective threat looks lower Thursday, with more capping, the
ridge axis a little closer, and the better upper forcing
displaced north of the region. SPC has a marginal risk for
portions of the southern ADKs, likely due to high to extreme
CAPE again and slightly more shear, but the threat is very
conditional upon some sort of trigger mechanism being able to
break the CAP.

Additional convection is possible each day Friday through
Sunday, with the best coverage Saturday ahead of an approaching
cold front. Each day will still feature plenty of instability,
with strengthening mid and upper westerly flow as the ridge
breaks down, so some stronger storms may be possible, although
details remain fuzzy this far out in time.

&&

.AVIATION /21Z WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY/...
Through 18Z Thursday... VFR conditions will prevail across all
terminals at the start of this TAF period. There is potential
for scattered showers and thunderstorms across the region this
afternoon into this evening, which could bring periods of
MVFR/IFR cigs and vis throughout that time. Showers/storms will
taper off overnight, giving way to mist/fog in the early morning
hours, particularly at KGFL, KALB, and KPSF. Widespread VFR
conditions will return after sunrise tomorrow as skies begin to
clear, with only a few fair weather cumulus and high clouds
expected towards the very end of the TAF period.

Winds will remain light out of the south to southwest this
afternoon. Thunderstorms could bring more variable and strong
winds/gusts to all terminals, with the potential for gusts up
to 20-30 kts. The overnight hours will see light and variable
winds across all terminals, persisting into Thursday morning,
before slightly strengthening with winds out of the west
expected thereafter through the end of the TAF period.

Outlook...

Thursday Night: No Operational Impact. NO SIG WX.
Friday: Low Operational Impact. Breezy. NO SIG WX.
Friday Night: No Operational Impact. NO SIG WX.
Independence Day: Moderate Operational Impact. Chance of SHRA...TSRA.
Saturday Night: Low Operational Impact. Slight Chance of SHRA.
Sunday: Moderate Operational Impact. Chance of SHRA...TSRA.
Sunday Night: Moderate Operational Impact. Chance of SHRA...TSRA.
Monday: Moderate Operational Impact. Likely SHRA...TSRA.

&&

.CLIMATE...
Current Record High Temperatures

July 1:
Albany: 99 (1913)
Glens Falls: 100 (1913)
Poughkeepsie: 99 (1933)

July 2:
Albany: 98 (1966, 1901)
Glens Falls: 96 (1911, 1901)
Poughkeepsie: 97 (1966)

July 3:
Albany: 102 (1911)
Glens Falls: 101 (1911)
Poughkeepsie: 103 (1966)

Last 100-Degree Day:
Albany: September 3, 1953
Glens Falls: July 10, 1988
Poughkeepsie: June 24, 2025

&&

.ALY WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
CT...Extreme Heat Warning until 8 PM EDT Friday for CTZ001-013.
NY...Extreme Heat Warning until 8 PM EDT Friday for NYZ038>041-043-
     047>054-059>061-063>066-083-084.
     Heat Advisory until 8 PM EDT Friday for NYZ032-033-042-058-082.
MA...Extreme Heat Warning until 8 PM EDT Friday for MAZ025.
     Heat Advisory until 8 PM EDT Friday for MAZ001.
VT...Extreme Heat Warning until 8 PM EDT Friday for VTZ013-015.
     Heat Advisory until 8 PM EDT Friday for VTZ014.

&&

DISCUSSION...35/05
AVIATION...23
CLIMATE...33

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Jul 1, 3:52 PM EDT, 2 hours 28 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Albany NY
352 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026

NYZ064>066-012030-
Eastern Dutchess NY-Western Dutchess NY-Eastern Ulster NY-
352 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT EAST CENTRAL ULSTER AND
NORTHWESTERN DUTCHESS COUNTIES THROUGH 430 PM EDT...

At 352 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm over
Port Ewen, or over Kingston, moving east at 25 mph.

HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 50 mph.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
         unsecured objects.

Locations impacted include...
Kingston, Rhinebeck, Pleasant Valley, Hurley, Red Hook, Lake Katrine,
Stanfordville, Staatsburg, Port Ewen, Tillson, Esopus, Rosendale,
Milan, Rolling Meadows, Salt Point, Maple Hill, Norrie Heights, Sweet
Meadows, Linden Acres, and Hillside.

This includes Interstate 87 near exit 19.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.

Torrential rainfall is also occurring with this storm and may lead to
localized flooding. Do not drive your vehicle through flooded
roadways.

Frequent cloud to ground lightning is occurring with this storm.
Lightning can strike 10 miles away from a thunderstorm. Seek a safe
shelter inside a building or vehicle.

This storm may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio
stations and available television stations for additional information
and possible warnings from the National Weather Service.

&&

LAT...LON 4185 7411 4204 7406 4200 7368 4172 7374
TIME...MOT...LOC 1952Z 278DEG 22KT 4191 7396

MAX HAIL SIZE...0.00 IN
MAX WIND GUST...50 MPH

KSL
Special weather statement, Jul 1, 4:03 PM EDT, 2 hours 17 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Albany NY
403 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026

NYZ033-012030-
Hamilton NY-
403 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT NORTHEASTERN HAMILTON COUNTY
THROUGH 430 PM EDT...

At 403 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm near
Blue Mountain Lake, or 11 miles northwest of Indian Lake, moving east
at 20 mph.

HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 50 mph.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
         unsecured objects.

Locations impacted include...
Blue Mountain Lake, Lake Eaton Campground, Lake Durant Campground,
Long Lake, Eagle Nest, Catlin Lake, and Deerland.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.

Frequent cloud to ground lightning is occurring with this storm.
Lightning can strike 10 miles away from a thunderstorm. Seek a safe
shelter inside a building or vehicle.

&&

LAT...LON 4402 7426 4397 7425 4392 7434 4381 7422
      4382 7419 4383 7415 4381 7412 4381 7408
      4380 7405 4375 7406 4384 7451 4402 7447
TIME...MOT...LOC 2003Z 272DEG 16KT 4392 7440

MAX HAIL SIZE...0.00 IN
MAX WIND GUST...50 MPH

KSL
Local storm report, Jul 1, 4:58 PM EDT, 1 hour 22 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Albany NY
458 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0416 PM     Tstm Wnd Dmg     Kingston                41.93N 74.00W
07/01/2026                   Ulster             NY   Law Enforcement

            Report of tree down on Foxhall Avenue.

&&
Local storm report, Jul 1, 5:04 PM EDT, 1 hour 16 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Albany NY
504 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0417 PM     Tstm Wnd Dmg     1 SE Kingston           41.92N 73.99W
07/01/2026                   Ulster             NY   Public

            Social media report of trees down on McEntee
            St off of Broadway in Kingston.

&&
Special weather statement, Jul 1, 5:27 PM EDT, 53 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Albany NY
527 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026

NYZ040-047-048-051-012200-
Schoharie NY-Western Schenectady NY-Montgomery NY-Western Albany NY-
527 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT SOUTHWESTERN SCHENECTADY...
NORTHEASTERN SCHOHARIE AND SOUTH CENTRAL MONTGOMERY COUNTIES THROUGH
600 PM EDT...

At 527 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm near
Central Bridge, or 11 miles northeast of Cobleskill, moving east at
20 mph.

HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 50 mph.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
         unsecured objects.

Locations impacted include...
Duanesburg, Delanson, Central Bridge, Esperance, Duane, Old Central
Bridge, Rockwell Corners, Quaker Street, Mariaville, Burtonsville,
Eaton Corners, Oak Ridge, Sidney Corners, Lib Corners, West Township,
Dwelly Corners, Fox Corners, Duane Mansion, Schoharie Junction, and
Sloansville.

This includes Interstate 88 near exit 23.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.

Torrential rainfall is also occurring with this storm and may lead to
localized flooding. Do not drive your vehicle through flooded
roadways.

Frequent cloud to ground lightning is occurring with this storm.
Lightning can strike 10 miles away from a thunderstorm. Seek a safe
shelter inside a building or vehicle.

&&

LAT...LON 4270 7437 4281 7439 4284 7413 4268 7412
TIME...MOT...LOC 2127Z 268DEG 15KT 4276 7429

MAX HAIL SIZE...0.00 IN
MAX WIND GUST...50 MPH

KSL
Special weather statement, Jul 1, 6:14 PM EDT, 6 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Albany NY
614 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026

NYZ049-050-052-053-012300-
Eastern Albany NY-Western Rensselaer NY-Eastern Schenectady NY-
Southern Saratoga NY-
614 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT SOUTHEASTERN SCHENECTADY...
NORTHEASTERN ALBANY...SOUTHEASTERN SARATOGA AND NORTHWESTERN
RENSSELAER COUNTIES THROUGH 700 PM EDT...

At 614 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm over
Rotterdam, moving east at 20 mph.

HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 50 mph.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
         unsecured objects.

Locations impacted include...
Albany, Schenectady, Troy, Clifton Park, Rotterdam, Cohoes,
Watervliet, Rensselaer, Colonie, Scotia, Latham, Delmar, Guilderland,
Niskayuna, Menands, Green Island, Waterford, Loudonville, Wyantskill,
and Wynantskill.

This includes the following highways...
 Interstate 90 between exits 9 and 25a.
 Interstate 890 between exits 2A and 9.
 Interstate 87 between exits 23 and 7, and between exits 8A and 9.
 Interstate 787 between exits 1 and 9.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.

Torrential rainfall is also occurring with this storm and may lead to
localized flooding. Do not drive your vehicle through flooded
roadways.

Frequent cloud to ground lightning is occurring with this storm.
Lightning can strike 10 miles away from a thunderstorm. Seek a safe
shelter inside a building or vehicle.

This storm may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio
stations and available television stations for additional information
and possible warnings from the National Weather Service.

A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 1100 PM EDT for
east central New York.

&&

LAT...LON 4269 7402 4282 7403 4289 7365 4259 7365
TIME...MOT...LOC 2214Z 270DEG 18KT 4276 7398

MAX HAIL SIZE...0.00 IN
MAX WIND GUST...50 MPH

KSL

The office that day

Everything else NWS Albany, NY issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Jul 1, 12:05 AM EDTSpecial Weather StatementALYHamilton40 min
Jul 1, 12:40 AM EDTSpecial Weather StatementALYHamilton35 min
Jul 1, 12:55 AM EDTSpecial Weather StatementALYHamilton50 min
Jul 1, 1:42 AM EDTSpecial Weather StatementALYColumbia48 min
Jul 1, 2:40 AM EDTSpecial Weather StatementALYSchoharie65 min
Jul 1, 2:54 AM EDTSpecial Weather StatementALYColumbia51 min
Jul 1, 3:03 AM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningALYColumbia, Dutchess, Greene, Ulster57 min
Jul 1, 3:34 AM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningALYDutchess56 min
Jul 1, 2:46 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementALYGreene44 min
Jul 1, 3:20 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementALYAlbany40 min
Jul 1, 3:35 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningALYAlbany, Columbia, Greene, Rensselaer40 min
Jul 1, 3:52 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementALYDutchess38 min
Jul 1, 4:03 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementALYHamilton27 min
Jul 1, 4:15 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningALYDutchess, Ulster31 min
Jul 1, 5:27 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementALYSchenectady33 min
Jul 1, 5:55 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningALYAlbany, Montgomery, Schenectady50 min
Jul 1, 6:14 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementALYSchenectady46 min
Jul 1, 6:57 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementALYRensselaer48 min
Jul 1, 7:15 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementALYSaratoga45 min
Jul 1, 7:24 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningALYFulton, Herkimer, Montgomery51 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in New York, 2026Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2026

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.