Alert archive / South Dakota / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2026
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 49, NWS Aberdeen, SD
NWS Aberdeen, SD issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jun 7, 2026, 11:26 PM MDT for Corson County, Dewey County, South Dakota. It was in force for 64 min. 2 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Jun 7, 2026, 11:26 PM MDT (05:26 UTC)
- Expired
- Jun 8, 2026, 12:30 AM MDT
- In force
- 64 min
- Issued by
- NWS Aberdeen, SD
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Hail
- 0.75 in
- Wind
- 60.0 mph
Counties Corson County, SD, Dewey County, SD
The radar
The Bismarck radar (KBIS), 130 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 05:26 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 7, 11:41 PM MDT | TSTM WND GST 53 | 4 W Trail City, SD | Mesonet station 178 Trail City (SDDOT). |
| Jun 8, 12:00 AM MDT | TSTM WND GST 61 | 11 S Bullhead, SD | Mesonet station GRRS2 Bullhead 10 S. Time estimated by radar. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched one storm report to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 34 minutes after it went out.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The watch it was issued in
The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.
| Issued | Product | Office | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 7, 2:58 PM MDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 11 hr |
The nearest sounding before it
Bismarck Municip, ND (KBIS), launched 00:00Z, 5.4 hours before the alert went out and 129 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 1642 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -137 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1959 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 17 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- -32 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 37 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- -0.9
The text
As transmitted.
851
WUUS53 KABR 080526
SVRABR
SDC031-041-080630-
/O.NEW.KABR.SV.W.0049.260608T0526Z-260608T0630Z/
BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Severe Thunderstorm Warning
National Weather Service Aberdeen SD
1126 PM MDT Sun Jun 7 2026
The National Weather Service in Aberdeen has issued a
* Severe Thunderstorm Warning for...
Eastern Corson County in north central South Dakota...
Northern Dewey County in north central South Dakota...
* Until 1230 AM MDT.
* At 1125 PM MDT, severe thunderstorms were located along a line
extending from 8 miles southeast of Selfridge to 8 miles west of
Spring Lake to near Little Moreau Rec Area, moving east at 30 mph.
HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts.
SOURCE...Public. At 1115 PM MT wind gusts of 65 mph were reported
near Timber Lake.
IMPACT...Expect damage to roofs, siding, and trees.
* Severe thunderstorms will be near...
Mclaughlin, Little Eagle, White Horse, Spring Lake, and Glencross
around 1130 PM MDT.
Mahto around 1135 PM MDT.
Trail City around 1145 PM MDT.
Other locations in the path of these severe thunderstorms include
Kenel, Wakpala, Promise, Grand River Casino and Indian Memorial Rec
Area.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.
&&
LAT...LON 4594 10050 4587 10039 4582 10038 4571 10031
4568 10032 4566 10035 4566 10039 4565 10041
4558 10043 4556 10048 4554 10049 4551 10045
4551 10038 4546 10034 4516 10034 4519 10149
4527 10149 4594 10130
TIME...MOT...LOC 0525Z 268DEG 25KT 4594 10081 4555 10107 4527 10107
HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...<.75 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH
$$
063 follow-up statements
222
WWUS53 KABR 080547
SVSABR
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Aberdeen SD
1147 PM MDT Sun Jun 7 2026
SDC031-041-080630-
/O.CON.KABR.SV.W.0049.000000T0000Z-260608T0630Z/
Corson SD-Dewey SD-
1147 PM MDT Sun Jun 7 2026
...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1230 AM MDT
FOR EASTERN CORSON AND NORTHERN DEWEY COUNTIES...
At 1147 PM MDT, severe thunderstorms were located along a line
extending from near Kenel to 6 miles southeast of Little Eagle to 7
miles northeast of White Horse, moving east at 45 mph.
HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and penny size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Expect damage to roofs, siding, and trees.
Locations impacted include...
Wakpala, Kenel, Promise, Trail City, Indian Memorial Rec Area,
Grand River Casino and Blackfoot.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.
&&
LAT...LON 4582 10038 4571 10031 4568 10032 4566 10035
4566 10039 4565 10041 4558 10043 4556 10048
4554 10049 4551 10045 4551 10038 4546 10034
4522 10034 4532 10127 4552 10126 4594 10097
4594 10050 4587 10039
TIME...MOT...LOC 0547Z 257DEG 38KT 4593 10048 4560 10074 4535 10078
HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.75 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH
$$
06998
WWUS53 KABR 080614
SVSABR
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Aberdeen SD
1214 AM MDT Mon Jun 8 2026
SDC031-041-080630-
/O.CON.KABR.SV.W.0049.000000T0000Z-260608T0630Z/
Corson SD-Dewey SD-
1214 AM MDT Mon Jun 8 2026
...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1230 AM MDT
FOR EASTERN CORSON AND NORTHEASTERN DEWEY COUNTIES...
At 1214 AM MDT, severe thunderstorms were located along a line
extending from 6 miles east of Herreid to near Mobridge to Blackfoot,
moving east at 55 mph.
HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and penny size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Expect damage to roofs, siding, and trees.
Locations impacted include...
Mclaughlin, Little Eagle, Bullhead, Wakpala, Kenel, Indian Memorial
Rec Area, Trail City, Mahto, Grand River Casino, and southeastern
Standing Rock Nation.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.
&&
LAT...LON 4582 10038 4571 10031 4568 10032 4566 10035
4566 10039 4565 10041 4558 10043 4556 10048
4554 10049 4551 10045 4551 10038 4546 10034
4534 10034 4557 10106 4568 10114 4573 10111
4594 10097 4594 10050 4587 10039
TIME...MOT...LOC 0614Z 273DEG 49KT 4587 9995 4559 10037 4534 10041
HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.75 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH
$$
06420
WWUS53 KABR 080630
SVSABR
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Aberdeen SD
1230 AM MDT Mon Jun 8 2026
SDC031-041-080639-
/O.EXP.KABR.SV.W.0049.000000T0000Z-260608T0630Z/
Corson SD-Dewey SD-
1230 AM MDT Mon Jun 8 2026
...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR EASTERN CORSON AND
NORTHEASTERN DEWEY COUNTIES WILL EXPIRE AT 1230 AM MDT...
The storms which prompted the warning have weakened below severe
limits, and have exited the warned area. Therefore, the warning will
be allowed to expire. However, small hail, gusty winds and heavy
rain are still possible with these thunderstorms.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 200 AM MDT for
north central South Dakota.
&&
LAT...LON 4582 10038 4571 10031 4568 10032 4566 10035
4566 10039 4565 10041 4558 10043 4556 10048
4554 10049 4551 10045 4551 10038 4546 10034
4534 10034 4557 10106 4568 10114 4573 10111
4594 10097 4594 10050 4587 10039
TIME...MOT...LOC 0629Z 268DEG 25KT 4587 9980 4559 10022 4534 10026
$$
06What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Aberdeen, SD wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jun 7, 11:26 PM MDT, 0 minutes earlier. Its key messages:
- Tonight, there is an Enhanced Risk, level 3/5, for scattered to numerous severe storms over the western half of Corson County. There is a Slight Risk, level 2/5, for scattered severe storms along and west of a line from Eureka to Murdo. Main threats include large hail, one to two inches in diameter, and wind gusts of 70+ mph. A tornado or two cannot be ruled out within the Enhanced Risk.
- Tuesday afternoon through Tuesday night, there is an Enhanced Risk (3 of 5) for severe storms north of Hwy 12 from McLaughlin to Frederick. There is a Slight Risk (2 of 5) everywhere else. All hazards are possible.
Area forecast discussion, Jun 7, 11:26 PM MDT, 0 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion...UPDATED National Weather Service Aberdeen SD 1226 AM CDT Mon Jun 8 2026 .KEY MESSAGES... - Tonight, there is an Enhanced Risk, level 3/5, for scattered to numerous severe storms over the western half of Corson County. There is a Slight Risk, level 2/5, for scattered severe storms along and west of a line from Eureka to Murdo. Main threats include large hail, one to two inches in diameter, and wind gusts of 70+ mph. A tornado or two cannot be ruled out within the Enhanced Risk. - Tuesday afternoon through Tuesday night, there is an Enhanced Risk (3 of 5) for severe storms north of Hwy 12 from McLaughlin to Frederick. There is a Slight Risk (2 of 5) everywhere else. All hazards are possible. && .UPDATE... Issued at 1218 AM CDT Mon Jun 8 2026 Updated discussion for the 06Z TAFs below. UPDATE Issued at 803 PM CDT Sun Jun 7 2026 The Wind Advisory has been allowed to expire due. Strong storms moving in from western South Dakota could bring another round of strong winds to north central SD this evening into the early overnight hours. UPDATE Issued at 702 PM CDT Sun Jun 7 2026 UPDATE for the 00Z TAF discussion. Showers remain over far northeastern SD and west central MN this evening. A few lightning strikes, and pea sized hail will be the main concern with the strongest storms. We are also monitoring strong to severe thunderstorms over far northwestern SD that will be nearing Mobridge after 05Z, with predominate TS between 06-08Z. Strong winds will be the main concern with these storms as they near Mobridge. A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect for Corson County until 10 PM MT. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 105 PM CDT Sun Jun 7 2026 A wind advisory remains in effect for portions of north central SD this afternoon. With only a 12 mb pressure gradient over the state and no cold air advection, the advisory is marginal at best with the usual channeled or elevated spots seeing occasional gusts over 45 mph. A weak sfc low/cold front will move east across SD late tonight through Monday morning. The best shortwave energy/jet streak has slowed its eastward progress through SD on the latest model runs, robbing the sfc front of some of its potential energy. Although the outlooks from SPC haven't changed markedly in the latest updates, the highest potential for storms appears to hardly move out of northwest SD into central SD until between 3z and 6z. And, much of that activity may stay centered over south central ND. Anything that trails into north central SD overnight, though, could still produce wind gusts to 70 mph and/or some large hail around an inch. The sfc low weakens and dissipates Monday morning over eastern SD. This timing will leave areas east of the Coteau in southerly flow most of Monday. The higher dewpoints and temperatures on the southerly flow could lead to some thunderstorm development in the afternoon. There is a marginal risk for the area, accordingly, though spatial extent for storms differs depending on the model and where they weaken that front. Lowered high temps for Monday west of the front by blending in 50% ConsShort with the NBM. The hi-res are more progressive with the cooler temps than the NBM. Tuesday warms back up with a return of southeast flow and more humidity. Areas south of Hwy 14 could approach "feels-like" temps of around 100 degrees. The upper trough that teases the region tonight will move a touch farther east Tuesday. Shortwave energy will eject into SD on the eastern edge of the trough by 21z and the jet will increase. Sfc low pressure moves through ND Tuesday evening from west to east with a trailing cold front. There is an Enhanced Risk (3 out of 5) for Tuesday across portions of north central SD where all hazards will be in play. && .AVIATION /06Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z TUESDAY/... Issued at 1218 AM CDT Mon Jun 8 2026 Terminals KABR,KATY,KPIR,KMBG A line of strong showers and thunderstorms are moving eastward across north central SD and will be affecting KMBG TAF site in the next hour or so. This line of storms will continue to track eastward with KABR between ~08 to 09Z. The main concern will be strong winds associated with this. Vicinity rain showers are currently near KATY with most of this staying mainly east and southeast of the TAF site. These should exit the region this afternoon with additional chances of showers and thunderstorms this afternoon and evening that may affect KATY. Otherwise, mainly MVFR/VFR cigs through the TAF forecast with drops in visibility with any stronger storm. ATY will be borderline IFR ceilings between 10-14Z. && .ABR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... SD...None. MN...None. && UPDATE...MMM DISCUSSION...20 AVIATION...MMM
Hazardous weather outlook, Jun 7, 2:20 AM MDT, 21 hours 6 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook National Weather Service Aberdeen SD 320 AM CDT Sun Jun 7 2026 SDZ006>008-011-017>019-036-037-048-051-080830- Brown-Marshall-Roberts-Day-Faulk-Spink-Clark-Hyde-Hand-Lyman-Buffalo- 320 AM CDT Sun Jun 7 2026 This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for central South Dakota, north central South Dakota and northeast South Dakota. .DAY ONE...Today and tonight. There is a Marginal Risk, level 1/5, for severe storms tonight. Main threats are hail, inch in diameter, and 60 mph wind gusts. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Monday through Saturday. There is an Enhanced Risk, level 3/5, for severe weather over portions of north central SD and a Slight Risk, level 2/5, for severe storms over central and northeastern SD Tuesday. All modes of severe weather are possible. Severe storms are again possible Wednesday James Valley and eastward. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotter activation may be requested. Weather spotters are encouraged to submit reports to the National Weather Service in Aberdeen. The public can submit reports on our web page, Facebook page, or our X feed. SDZ003-080830- Corson- 220 AM MDT Sun Jun 7 2026 This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for north central South Dakota. .DAY ONE...Today and tonight. There is an Enhanced Risk, level 3/5, for scattered to numerous severe storms over the western half of Corson County this evening into tonight. Main threats include large hail, 1 to 2+ inches in diameter, and wind gusts of 70+ mph. A tornado or two cannot be ruled out as well. Heavy rain that could lead to flooding is also be a concern. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Monday through Saturday. There is an Enhanced risk, level 3/5, for numerous severe storms Tuesday with all severe modes possible. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotter activation will likely be needed. Weather spotters are encouraged to submit reports to the National Weather Service in Aberdeen. The public can submit reports on our web page, Facebook page, or our X feed. SDZ004-005-009-010-015-016-033>035-045-080830- Campbell-McPherson-Walworth-Edmunds-Dewey-Potter-Stanley-Sully- Hughes-Jones- 320 AM CDT Sun Jun 7 2026 /220 AM MDT Sun Jun 7 2026/ This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for central South Dakota and north central South Dakota. .DAY ONE...Today and tonight. There is a Slight Risk, level 2/5, for scattered severe storms along and west of the line from Eureka to Murdo this evening into tonight. Main threats include large hail, one to two inches in diameter, and wind gusts of 70+ mph. Heavy rain that could lead to flooding is also be a concern. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Monday through Saturday. There is an Enhanced Risk, level 3/5, for severe storms over portions of north central SD and a Slight Risk, level 2/5, for severe storms over central SD Tuesday. All modes of severe weather are possible. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotter activation may be requested. Weather spotters are encouraged to submit reports to the National Weather Service in Aberdeen. The public can submit reports on our web page, Facebook page, or our X feed. MNZ039-046-SDZ020>023-080830- Traverse-Big Stone-Codington-Grant-Hamlin-Deuel- 320 AM CDT Sun Jun 7 2026 This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for west central Minnesota and northeast South Dakota. .DAY ONE...Today and tonight. Showers and thunderstorms are possible late tonight into Monday morning. While no severe weather is anticipated, pea size hail and wind gusts of 50 mph are possible with lightning being the main threat. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Monday through Saturday. Marginal Risk, level 1/5, for severe storms Monday afternoon with the main threats being quarter size hail and 60 mph wind gusts. There is a Slight Risk, level 2/5, for severe storms Tuesday with all modes of severe weather possible. Wednesday will continue with a chance of severe weather James Valley and eastward through west central MN. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotter activation is not expected at this time.
In the hours before
Special weather statement, Jun 7, 9:37 PM MDT, 1 hour 49 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Aberdeen SD
937 PM MDT Sun Jun 7 2026
SDZ003-080400-
Corson SD-
937 PM MDT Sun Jun 7 2026
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT NORTHWESTERN CORSON COUNTY
THROUGH 1000 PM MDT...
At 937 PM MDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm near
Thunder Hawk, or 10 miles southeast of Lemmon, moving northeast at 30
mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 50 mph and half inch hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to vegetation is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Morristown, Watauga, Keldron, and Thunder Hawk.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until midnight MDT for
north central South Dakota.
&&
LAT...LON 4594 10200 4594 10150 4567 10200
TIME...MOT...LOC 0337Z 225DEG 27KT 4584 10200
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.50 IN
MAX WIND GUST...50 MPH
06Special weather statement, Jun 7, 10:49 PM MDT, 37 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Aberdeen SD
1049 PM MDT Sun Jun 7 2026
SDZ003-015-080530-
Dewey SD-Corson SD-
1049 PM MDT Sun Jun 7 2026
...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WILL IMPACT CORSON AND NORTHWESTERN DEWEY
COUNTIES THROUGH 1130 PM MDT...
At 1049 PM MDT, Doppler radar was tracking strong thunderstorms along
a line extending from Walker to 6 miles south of Klein Ranch to 7
miles west of Green Grass. Movement was east at 40 mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts of 50 to 55 mph and half inch hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to vegetation is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Eagle Butte, Mclaughlin, Timber Lake, Little Eagle, Bullhead, Lantry,
Mcintosh, Isabel, White Horse, Morristown, Firesteel, Watauga, Green
Grass, Little Moreau Rec Area, Trail City, Mahto, Black Horse,
Parade, Bear Creek, and Walker.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until midnight MDT for
north central South Dakota.
&&
LAT...LON 4594 10200 4595 10055 4594 10050 4590 10044
4560 10068 4505 10083 4499 10139 4499 10150
4547 10147 4547 10200
TIME...MOT...LOC 0449Z 267DEG 36KT 4593 10106 4557 10132 4521 10139
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.50 IN
MAX WIND GUST...55 MPH
06Local storm report, Jun 7, 11:25 PM MDT, 1 minute before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Aberdeen SD
1225 AM CDT Mon Jun 8 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1214 AM Tstm Wnd Gst 1 NE Timber Lake 45.43N 101.07W
06/08/2026 M64 MPH Dewey SD Mesonet
Mesonet station 293 Timber Lake (SDDOT).
&&
RVThe office that day
Everything else NWS Aberdeen, SD issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 7, 7:39 PM MDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ABR | Corson | 43 min |
| Jun 7, 9:37 PM MDT | Special Weather Statement | ABR | Corson | 23 min |
| Jun 7, 10:49 PM MDT | Special Weather Statement | ABR | Corson, Dewey | 41 min |
| Jun 7, 11:50 PM MDT | Special Weather Statement | ABR | Campbell | 25 min |
| Jun 8, 12:15 AM MDT | Special Weather Statement | ABR | Campbell | 30 min |
| Jun 8, 12:19 AM MDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ABR | Campbell, Edmunds, McPherson, Walworth | 26 min |
| Jun 8, 12:36 AM MDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ABR | McPherson | 39 min |
| Jun 8, 12:42 AM MDT | Special Weather Statement | ABR | Potter, Walworth | 33 min |
| Jun 8, 12:53 AM MDT | Special Weather Statement | ABR | Campbell | 37 min |
| Jun 8, 1:01 AM MDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ABR | Campbell, Edmunds, Faulk, McPherson, Potter, Walworth | 59 min |
| Jun 8, 1:12 AM MDT | Special Weather Statement | ABR | Edmunds | 33 min |
| Jun 8, 1:17 AM MDT | Special Weather Statement | ABR | Brown | 43 min |
| Jun 8, 1:40 AM MDT | Special Weather Statement | ABR | Edmunds, Faulk | 35 min |
| Jun 8, 1:45 AM MDT | Special Weather Statement | ABR | Brown | 45 min |
| Jun 8, 2:14 AM MDT | Special Weather Statement | ABR | Edmunds, Faulk | 31 min |
Nearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in South Dakota, 2026Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2026
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.