Alert archive / Alabama / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2025

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 85, NWS Mobile, AL

May 27, 20254 counties in Alabama

NWS Mobile, AL issued this severe thunderstorm warning at May 27, 2025, 11:26 AM CDT for 4 counties in Alabama. It was in force for 34 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
May 27, 2025, 11:26 AM CDT (16:26 UTC)
Expired
May 27, 2025, 12:00 PM CDT
In force
34 min
Issued by
NWS Mobile, AL
Area
Storm-based polygon
Hail
0.75 in
Wind
60.0 mph

Counties Baldwin County, AL, Clarke County, AL, Monroe County, AL, Washington County, AL

The radar

The Mobile radar (KMOB), 71 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 16:26 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Slidell Radar S, LA (KSIL), launched 12:00Z, 4.4 hours before the alert went out and 206 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Slidell Radar S, LA at 12:00Z on 2025-05-27Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 2607 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Slidell Radar S, LA at 12:00Z on 2025-05-27The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 67 square meters per square second.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
2607 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-1 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
647 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
24 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
67 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
87 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

506 
WUUS54 KMOB 271626
SVRMOB
ALC003-025-099-129-271700-
/O.NEW.KMOB.SV.W.0085.250527T1626Z-250527T1700Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Severe Thunderstorm Warning
National Weather Service Mobile AL
Issued by National Weather Service New Orleans LA
1126 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

The National Weather Service in Mobile has issued a

* Severe Thunderstorm Warning for...
  Western Monroe County in south central Alabama...
  Northwestern Baldwin County in southwestern Alabama...
  Southeastern Washington County in southwestern Alabama...
  South central Clarke County in southwestern Alabama...

* Until noon CDT.

* At 1126 AM CDT, a severe thunderstorm was located 8 miles east of
  Calvert, or 21 miles north of Bay Minette, moving north at 35 mph.

  HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts.

  SOURCE...Radar indicated.

  IMPACT...Expect damage to roofs, siding, and trees.

* This severe thunderstorm will remain over mainly rural areas of
  western Monroe, northwestern Baldwin, southeastern Washington and
  south central Clarke Counties.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.

&&

LAT...LON 3141 8768 3109 8785 3113 8794 3115 8794
      3115 8797 3116 8797 3117 8798 3147 8791
TIME...MOT...LOC 1626Z 199DEG 31KT 3118 8788 

HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...<.75 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH

$$

95/DM
2 follow-up statements
664 
WWUS54 KMOB 271638
SVSMOB

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Mobile AL
Issued by National Weather Service New Orleans LA
1138 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

ALC003-025-099-129-271700-
/O.CON.KMOB.SV.W.0085.000000T0000Z-250527T1700Z/
Monroe AL-Baldwin AL-Washington AL-Clarke AL-
1138 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON CDT FOR
WESTERN MONROE...NORTH CENTRAL BALDWIN...EAST CENTRAL WASHINGTON AND
SOUTH CENTRAL CLARKE COUNTIES...

At 1138 AM CDT, a severe thunderstorm was located 10 miles east of
McIntosh, or 15 miles south of Jackson, moving north at 35 mph.

HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Expect damage to roofs, siding, and trees.

This severe thunderstorm will remain over mainly rural areas of
western Monroe, north central Baldwin, east central Washington and
south central Clarke Counties.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.

&&

LAT...LON 3118 8780 3123 8797 3147 8791 3141 8768
TIME...MOT...LOC 1638Z 195DEG 30KT 3128 8786 

HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...<.75 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH

$$

95/DM
942 
WWUS54 KMOB 271656
SVSMOB

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Mobile AL
Issued by National Weather Service New Orleans LA
1156 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

ALC003-025-099-129-271706-
/O.EXP.KMOB.SV.W.0085.000000T0000Z-250527T1700Z/
Monroe AL-Baldwin AL-Washington AL-Clarke AL-
1156 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR WESTERN MONROE...NORTH CENTRAL
BALDWIN...EAST CENTRAL WASHINGTON AND SOUTH CENTRAL CLARKE COUNTIES
WILL EXPIRE AT NOON CDT...

The storm which prompted the warning has weakened below severe
limits, and no longer poses an immediate threat to life or property.
Therefore, the warning will be allowed to expire. However, gusty 
winds to 50 mph are still possible with this thunderstorm.

LAT...LON 3118 8780 3123 8797 3147 8791 3141 8768
TIME...MOT...LOC 1656Z 199DEG 31KT 3141 8781 

$$

95/DM

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Mobile, AL wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at May 27, 11:00 AM CDT, 26 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, May 27, 11:00 AM CDT, 26 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Mobile AL
Issued by National Weather Service New Orleans LA
1100 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

...New Update...

.UPDATE...
Issued at 1034 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

The line of strong storms has arrived into western areas of the
CWA though it has been gradually weakening as it outruns the best
vertical shear located to the west. Best 0-3km CAPE of 125-175
j/kg is focused in southern MS and AL right ahead of the southern
flank of this line. This is where we're still seeing a few
stronger pop-up showers and storms capable of some gusty winds and
small hail. This line is likely to decay further as it tracks east
and slows through midday. With deep moisture (PWAT 1.8 to 2") and
an already destabilized lower atmosphere, it's likely we see
redevelopment of strong to severe storms as the weak shortwave
catches back up with the boundary this afternoon (12-5PM). Lapse
rates near 7 C/km in the mid-levels and weakly curved hodographs
favorable for some rotating updrafts will enhance hail growth
of up to 1 to 2" and stronger downdrafts capable of damaging
winds. A tornado or two cannot be ruled out with any storms that
can organize, but low-level shear is fairly weak and it would be
more likely to occur in a bowing segment within a line if storms
can sufficiently congeal again along this boundary. This severe
threat is predominantly north of I-10 and along and east of the
I-65 corridor. A severe thunderstorm watch may be issued for these
areas later if confidence in the threat for severe weather
increases.

&&

.DISCUSSION...
Issued at 206 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

Latest water vapor imagery shows a trough over the Plains with upper
ridging along the East Coast. At the surface, a weak cold front
trails from its parent low over the TN Valley, southwestward into SE
TX. Closer to home, deep southwesterly flow will continue to filter
in moisture across the area, with PW values topping out near 2
inches which exceeds the 90th percentile. Given the moisture in
place and lingering outflow boundaries from earlier storms, isolated
thunderstorms will remain possible through the predawn hours, though
our better rain chances will come later today.

A QLCS, currently moving across east Texas, will propagate to the
southeast over the next few hours. The current trajectory
suggests that this QLCS will move over the Gulf, with the northern
extent dissipating before it reaches the area. Meanwhile,
guidance is consistent on bringing a shortwave into the region
this morning, lifting northeast of the area by the afternoon. The
airmass will remain fairly unstable, as daytime heating allows
highs to warm into the upper 80s. As the shortwave moves through,
weak height falls will allow for lapse rates to steepen aloft,
lending upwards of 2000- 3000 sbcape. At the same time, a 30-40kt
low level jet will move across our northern counties, with 0-1 km
bulk shear increasing to 20-30 kts this afternoon. Given this set
up and the timing, confidence has increased on the threat for
severe thunderstorms across the area. Timing is a bit tricky;
however, based on current guidance, the better chance for severe
thunderstorms will generally be between 18Z and 02Z (1 pm to 9 pm)
when the better forcing aligns with the shear and instability.
Surface winds will remain from the south, with westerly flow
aloft. Thus, curved hodographs suggest a low end tornado threat,
along with the damaging straight line wind potential.

While our confidence in the setup has increased, there are still
some caveats to the threat for severe storms. The main source of
uncertainty is the lack of low level forcing. Without a defined
front moving through the area, and based on the current thinking
that the QLCS to our west dissipates, the main source of surface
lift will be outflow boundaries which are difficult to pinpoint.
Additionally, some guidance does suggest the influence of the
subtropical ridge to our southeast will suppress convection and
limit storm organization. That said, there's enough consensus to
continue the severe threat for the area today, with damaging
straight line winds, a tornado or two, and hail. The better chance
will be over the northern half of the area, where the better forcing
aloft exists, though the severe threat is for the whole area. Any
lingering storms should wind down this evening as we lose daytime
heating and the shortwave lifts out of the area.

The trough over the Plains will make very little progress through at
least Wednesday, with several shortwaves continuing to eject around
the base of the trough. This will keep rain chances high over the
next couple of days, though pinpointing the timing of storms is
challenging. Given the setup, we'll likely see another QLCS develop
to our west and then move through the area or generate an outflow
boundary for convective initiation to occur over the local area.
Either way, expect scattered to numerous thunderstorms during the
afternoon hours. Flow aloft will be more southwesterly tomorrow,
so wind shear should be mainly unidirectional, suggesting more of
a straight line wind threat on Wednesday. /73

Thursday through Monday

An upper trof extending from the central Plains to across the Great
Lakes takes on a meridional orientation and amplifies over the
eastern CONUS through Friday. A weak and poorly defined surface trof
will be over the southern portion of the forecast area Thursday
morning and appears to drift a bit northward through the afternoon
before dissipating. A surface low located near Arkansas Thursday
morning lifts off to the northeastern states, and in the process
brings a cold front through the forecast area on Friday. A shortwave
trof embedded within the larger scale pattern will move across the
region on Thursday, and with the weak surface trof over the area and
plenty of deep layer moisture in place, have gone with mostly
categorical pops for the forecast area. Likely to categorical pops
follow for Friday as the cold front moves through, then dry
conditions are expected for Saturday. The large upper trof pattern
over the eastern states persists through Sunday then finally begins
to move off into the western Atlantic on Monday. A weak reinforcing
cold front moves into the area on Sunday and lingers into Monday,
which will support slight chance pops for both days. /29

&&

.AVIATION...
(12Z TAFS)
Issued at 615 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

VFR conditions will prevail through much of the forecast period.
The exception will be as a line of thunderstorms enters the area.
These storms are expected to reach KMOB between 14-15Z and exit
KPNS by 19Z. Given some uncertainty as to whether this activity
will hold together, have opted to include a TEMPO group. If this
activity is able to hold together, it will likely limit
redevelopment of thunderstorms this afternoon. However, there is
still a potential for isolated thunderstorms between 20Z and 02Z.
Given the uncertainty, no additional mention of TSRA is included
in the TAFs. /73

&&

.MARINE...
Issued at 206 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

A light to occasionally moderate onshore flow will persist through
Thursday, becoming westerly and then northerly Friday into the
weekend. /73

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
Mobile      71  87  70  84  69  84  62  84 /  30  70  40  80  50  70  20  10
Pensacola   74  87  74  84  73  84  66  84 /  20  60  40  80  60  70  30  10
Destin      76  88  76  86  75  85  68  84 /  20  50  40  70  60  70  40  10
Evergreen   67  89  68  85  67  83  59  84 /  40  70  40  80  60  70  20  10
Waynesboro  66  86  66  84  67  82  59  83 /  50  60  50  80  50  60  10  10
Camden      66  85  67  82  66  80  58  81 /  40  50  50  80  60  70  20  10
Crestview   69  90  69  87  68  85  60  86 /  20  70  30  80  60  80  30  10

&&

.MOB WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
AL...None.
FL...None.
MS...None.
GM...None.
&&

This product is also available on the web at:
www.weather.gov/mob

In the hours before

Special weather statement, May 27, 7:52 AM CDT, 3 hours 34 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Mobile AL
Issued by National Weather Service New Orleans LA
752 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

ALZ051>053-MSZ067-075-076-271415-
Clarke AL-Choctaw AL-Washington AL-Perry MS-Greene MS-Wayne MS-
752 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WILL IMPACT CHOCTAW...NORTHWESTERN
WASHINGTON...NORTHWESTERN CLARKE...NORTHERN PERRY...WAYNE AND
NORTHWESTERN GREENE COUNTIES THROUGH 915 AM CDT...

At 750 AM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking strong thunderstorms along
a line extending from 5 miles southwest of Lisman to 5 miles
northeast of Dexter. Movement was northeast at 30 mph.

HAZARD...Winds in excess of 30 mph.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
         unsecured objects.

Locations impacted include...
Gilbertown, Toxey, Clara, New Augusta, Richton, Lisman, Silas,
Pennington, Waynesboro, Butler, and Buckatunna.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.

A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 100 PM CDT for
southeastern Mississippi.

&&

LAT...LON 3228 8793 3230 8796 3228 8802 3216 8801
      3208 8804 3206 8812 3201 8812 3199 8807
      3199 8791 3108 8914 3143 8915 3143 8894
      3182 8894 3185 8864 3190 8847 3231 8842
      3231 8793
TIME...MOT...LOC 1250Z 308DEG 21KT 3211 8834 3114 8995

MAX HAIL SIZE...0.00 IN
MAX WIND GUST...30 MPH
Special weather statement, May 27, 9:11 AM CDT, 2 hours 15 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Mobile AL
Issued by National Weather Service New Orleans LA
911 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

ALZ051-053-054-271515-
Clarke AL-Wilcox AL-Choctaw AL-
911 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WILL IMPACT SOUTH CENTRAL CHOCTAW...NORTHERN
CLARKE AND WESTERN WILCOX COUNTIES THROUGH 1015 AM CDT...

At 910 AM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking strong thunderstorms along
a line extending from 3 miles west of Linden to 6 miles southeast of
Putnam to 4 miles southeast of Silas. Movement was east at 20 mph.

HAZARD...Winds in excess of 30 mph.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down small tree limbs and blow
         around unsecured objects.

Locations impacted include...
Fulton, Yellow Bluff, Thomasville, Coffeeville, Pine Hill, and Grove
Hill.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.

Frequent cloud to ground lightning is occurring with these storms.
Lightning can strike 10 miles away from a thunderstorm. Seek a safe
shelter inside a building or vehicle.

&&

LAT...LON 3222 8738 3193 8745 3170 8768 3171 8838
      3196 8801 3199 8800 3199 8767 3200 8766
      3200 8762 3213 8762 3213 8752 3227 8752
      3227 8745
TIME...MOT...LOC 1410Z 273DEG 17KT 3228 8785 3196 8794 3173 8826

MAX HAIL SIZE...0.00 IN
MAX WIND GUST...30 MPH

95/DM
Special weather statement, May 27, 9:42 AM CDT, 1 hour 44 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Mobile AL
Issued by National Weather Service New Orleans LA
942 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

ALZ051-MSZ067-271530-
Choctaw AL-Wayne MS-
942 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WILL IMPACT WESTERN CHOCTAW AND WAYNE
COUNTIES THROUGH 1030 AM CDT...

At 941 AM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking strong thunderstorms along
a line extending from 6 miles northeast of Rose Hill to Stafford
Springs to 3 miles southeast of Tuckers Crossing. Movement was east
at 35 mph.

HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 40 mph.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
         unsecured objects.

Locations impacted include...
Waynesboro, Clara, and Buckatunna.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.

Frequent cloud to ground lightning is occurring with these storms.
Lightning can strike 10 miles away from a thunderstorm. Seek a safe
shelter inside a building or vehicle.

Torrential rainfall is also occurring with these storms and may lead
to localized flooding. Do not drive your vehicle through flooded
roadways.

A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 100 PM CDT for
southeastern Mississippi.

&&

LAT...LON 3197 8832 3170 8844 3170 8847 3165 8846
      3154 8851 3152 8894 3182 8894 3184 8873
      3189 8848 3231 8842 3231 8833
TIME...MOT...LOC 1441Z 260DEG 29KT 3222 8894 3190 8893 3159 8906

MAX HAIL SIZE...0.00 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH

95/DM
Special weather statement, May 27, 10:21 AM CDT, 1 hour 5 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Mobile AL
Issued by National Weather Service New Orleans LA
1021 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

MSZ078-079-271600-
Stone MS-George MS-
1021 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT SOUTHWESTERN GEORGE AND STONE
COUNTIES THROUGH 1100 AM CDT...

At 1021 AM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm over
Perkinston, or 6 miles south of Wiggins, moving east at 25 mph.

HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 40 mph.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
         unsecured objects.

Locations impacted include...
Wiggins, Perkinston, and McHenry.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.

A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 100 PM CDT for
southeastern Mississippi.

&&

LAT...LON 3092 8868 3074 8869 3073 8888 3067 8889
      3068 8920 3090 8920
TIME...MOT...LOC 1521Z 269DEG 22KT 3077 8912

MAX HAIL SIZE...0.00 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH

95/DM
Special weather statement, May 27, 10:58 AM CDT, 28 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Mobile AL
Issued by National Weather Service New Orleans LA
1058 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

ALZ052-261-271630-
Washington AL-Mobile Inland AL-
1058 AM CDT Tue May 27 2025

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT NORTH CENTRAL MOBILE AND SOUTH
CENTRAL WASHINGTON COUNTIES THROUGH 1130 AM CDT...

At 1058 AM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm over
Gulfcrest, or 5 miles south of Citronelle, moving northeast at 30
mph.

HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 40 mph and pea size hail.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
         unsecured objects. Minor damage to outdoor objects is
         possible.

Locations impacted include...
Citronelle and Gulfcrest.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.

&&

LAT...LON 3094 8817 3098 8828 3127 8816 3120 8798
TIME...MOT...LOC 1558Z 208DEG 25KT 3101 8819

MAX HAIL SIZE...0.25 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH

95/DM

The office that day

Everything else NWS Mobile, AL issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
May 26, 7:14 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementMOBCrenshaw31 min
May 26, 9:19 PM CDTRiver Flood WarningMOBClarke, Washington6 days
May 26, 9:20 PM CDTRiver Flood WarningMOBChoctaw, Clarke, Washington21 days
May 27, 7:52 AM CDTSpecial Weather StatementMOBChoctaw83 min
May 27, 9:11 AM CDTSpecial Weather StatementMOBMarengo64 min
May 27, 10:58 AM CDTSpecial Weather StatementMOBWashington32 min
May 27, 11:55 AM CDTSpecial Weather StatementMOBMonroe35 min
May 27, 12:11 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMOBClarke, Monroe13 min
May 27, 1:01 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementMOBButler, Conecuh, Covington, Crenshaw59 min
May 27, 1:16 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMOBButler, Crenshaw44 min
May 27, 1:19 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementMOBCovington41 min
May 27, 1:44 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMOBCrenshaw18 min
May 27, 2:05 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementMOBCrenshaw40 min
May 27, 2:07 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementMOBCovington38 min
May 27, 6:25 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm Warning Considerable damage threatMOBWashington29 min
May 27, 6:57 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementMOBWashington48 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Alabama, 2025Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2025

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.