Alert archive / North Carolina / Tornado Warnings in 2025
Tornado Warning 5, NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued this tornado warning at May 4, 2025, 12:25 AM EDT for 4 counties in North Carolina. It was in force for 35 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- May 4, 2025, 12:25 AM EDT (04:25 UTC)
- Expired
- May 4, 2025, 1:00 AM EDT
- In force
- 35 min
- Issued by
- NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Tornado
- Radar indicated
- Hail
- 0.75 in
Counties Gaston County, NC, Iredell County, NC, Lincoln County, NC, Mecklenburg County, NC
The radar
The Greer radar (KGSP), 131 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 04:28 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| May 4, 12:43 AM EDT | TORNADO | 1 Ne Lowesville, NC | A very brief and weak EF-0 tornado touched down just west of Killian Farm Road. The tornado snapped a tree along with multiple large limbs. The tornado continued southeast crossing Caswell Road where additional limbs were snapped. The tornado dissipated in a w |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched one storm report to this tornado warning; the first came 18 minutes after it went out.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The nearest sounding before it
Greensboro/Hi Pt, NC (KGSO), launched 00:00Z, 4.4 hours before the alert went out and 117 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 37 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -63 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 868 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 43 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- -9 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 35 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- -0.0
- Supercell composite
- -0.0
The text
As transmitted.
275
WFUS52 KGSP 040425
TORGSP
NCC071-097-109-119-040500-
/O.NEW.KGSP.TO.W.0005.250504T0425Z-250504T0500Z/
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
Tornado Warning
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
1225 AM EDT Sun May 4 2025
The National Weather Service in Greenville-Spartanburg has issued a
* Tornado Warning for...
Eastern Lincoln County in the Piedmont of North Carolina...
South central Iredell County in the Piedmont of North Carolina...
Northwestern Mecklenburg County in the Piedmont of North
Carolina...
North central Gaston County in the Piedmont of North Carolina...
* Until 100 AM EDT.
* At 1224 AM EDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a
tornado was located 6 miles southeast of Lincolnton, or near Iron
Station, moving northeast at 30 mph.
HAZARD...Tornado.
SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.
IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without
shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed.
Damage to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur. Tree
damage is likely.
* This dangerous storm will be near...
Iron Station around 1230 AM EDT.
Lake Norman and Westport around 1240 AM EDT.
Cornelius and Davidson around 1250 AM EDT.
Other locations impacted by this dangerous thunderstorm include
Lowesville and Doolie.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a basement or an interior room on the lowest
floor of a sturdy building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a
mobile home, or in a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter
and protect yourself from flying debris.
Tornadoes are extremely difficult to see and confirm at night. Do not
wait to see or hear the tornado. TAKE COVER NOW!
If on or near Lake Norman, get away from the water and move to safe
shelter immediately. If you can hear thunder, you are close enough
to be struck by lightning. Severe thunderstorms can produce large
capsizing waves, even on small bodies of water. Move into dock and
seek safe shelter now! Do not be caught on the water in a
thunderstorm.
Please report damaging winds, hail, or flooding to the National
Weather Service by calling toll free, 1, 800, 2 6 7, 8 1 0 1, or by
posting on our Facebook page, or Tweet it using hashtag nwsgsp. Your
message should describe the event and the specific location where it
occurred.
&&
LAT...LON 3536 8118 3545 8124 3555 8103 3555 8095
3557 8096 3559 8095 3559 8093 3560 8093
3563 8087 3545 8077
TIME...MOT...LOC 0424Z 246DEG 25KT 3543 8114
TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...<.75 IN
$$
81 follow-up statement
321
WWUS52 KGSP 040439
SVSGSP
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
1239 AM EDT Sun May 4 2025
NCC071-040449-
/O.CAN.KGSP.TO.W.0005.000000T0000Z-250504T0500Z/
Gaston NC-
1239 AM EDT Sun May 4 2025
...THE TORNADO WARNING FOR NORTH CENTRAL GASTON COUNTY IS
CANCELLED...
The tornadic thunderstorm which prompted the warning has moved out
of the warned area. Therefore, the warning has been cancelled.
&&
LAT...LON 3540 8099 3540 8105 3552 8110 3555 8103
3555 8095 3557 8096 3558 8095 3559 8093
3560 8093 3563 8087 3545 8077
TIME...MOT...LOC 0439Z 250DEG 32KT 3548 8101
$$
NCC097-109-119-040500-
/O.CON.KGSP.TO.W.0005.000000T0000Z-250504T0500Z/
Lincoln NC-Iredell NC-Mecklenburg NC-
1239 AM EDT Sun May 4 2025
...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 100 AM EDT FOR EASTERN
LINCOLN...SOUTH CENTRAL IREDELL AND NORTHWESTERN MECKLENBURG
COUNTIES...
At 1239 AM EDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado
was located 10 miles northwest of Huntersville, or near Westport,
moving east at 35 mph.
HAZARD...Tornado.
SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.
IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without
shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. Damage
to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur. Tree damage is
likely.
This dangerous storm will be near...
Lake Norman, Westport, and Cornelius around 1240 AM EDT.
Davidson around 1250 AM EDT.
Other locations impacted by this tornadic thunderstorm include
Lowesville and Doolie.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a basement or an interior room on the lowest
floor of a sturdy building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a
mobile home, or in a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter
and protect yourself from flying debris.
Tornadoes are extremely difficult to see and confirm at night. Do not
wait to see or hear the tornado. TAKE COVER NOW!
If on or near Lake Norman, get away from the water and move to safe
shelter immediately. If you can hear thunder, you are close enough
to be struck by lightning. Severe thunderstorms can produce large
capsizing waves, even on small bodies of water. Move into dock and
seek safe shelter now! Do not be caught on the water in a
thunderstorm.
Please report damaging winds, hail, or flooding to the National
Weather Service by calling toll free, 1, 800, 2 6 7, 8 1 0 1, or by
posting on our Facebook page, or Tweet it using hashtag nwsgsp. Your
message should describe the event and the specific location where it
occurred.
&&
LAT...LON 3540 8099 3540 8105 3552 8110 3555 8103
3555 8095 3557 8096 3558 8095 3559 8093
3560 8093 3563 8087 3545 8077
TIME...MOT...LOC 0439Z 250DEG 32KT 3548 8101
TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...<.75 IN
$$
8What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC wrote its last area forecast discussion before this tornado warning went out at May 4, 12:19 AM EDT, 6 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, May 4, 12:19 AM EDT, 6 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC 1219 AM EDT Sun May 4 2025 .SYNOPSIS... A cold front crosses the area tonight, bringing temperatures back to near normal for Sunday and Monday under partly cloudy skies. Dry high pressure builds in Tuesday, then another unsettled pattern likely develops by midweek. && .NEAR TERM /THROUGH TODAY/... As of 1216 AM EDT Sunday: Temps have dropped sharply behind the advancing line of storms, now located a ways east of I-26 along a line from roughly Union, SC north to Hickory, NC. Radar trends suggest that the main line is fast becoming outflow-dominant, with the leading edge of cold pools in the SC Upstate far enough ahead of the line that further severe weather looks unlikely. Out ahead of the main line, particularly over the I-77 corridor, ACARS soundings indicate there's at least some surface-based instability left, and enough shear that some semi-organized, rotating cells will continue unabated. That said, the overall risk of severe weather continues to diminish...and in particular, a lack of sustained low-level kinematics would suggest that the tornado threat noted in the previous discussion has come to a close. Otherwise...as the line moves out, expect a deck of low stratus to develop across most or all of the forecast area throughout the wee hours of Sunday morning, as well as widespread patchy fog in areas that got a good shot of rain over the last 4 hours (which, admittedly, includes almost the entire forecast area). By daybreak, the passage of the main z500 wave should carry most of the remaining rain east with it and the dry slot should spread across the fcst area. The close proximity of the upper low will act to keep temps right on the cool side of normal. Cold air aloft will allow for shower development with some daytime heating, mainly over the mtns, so a slight chance to chance prob will be carried there. && .SHORT TERM /TONIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY/... As of Noon Saturday... Key messages: 1. Isolated/scattered showers will be possible Monday near the TN border. 2. Otherwise, Dry thru Tuesday, with temps around or a little below normal. An upper low will spin over the Ohio Valley Monday, and begin to drift northeast toward the eastern Great Lakes Tuesday. The low's proximity may allow for some instability and isolated to scattered diurnal showers along/near the TN border Monday aftn. The rest of the forecast area will see mostly sunny skies and temps will be a category or two below normal. Tuesday looks dry, as the low drifts away, and a west-east axis of sfc high pressure builds in on the south side of the low. Temps return to near normal under mostly sunny skies and comfortable humidity levels. && .LONG TERM /TUESDAY NIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY/... As of Noon Saturday... Models are in decent agreement on the pattern thru the medium range. They have converged on another upper low cutting off...this time over the Ozarks region, then drifting southeast into the Lower MS Valley. A deep trough is progged to dig thru the Northeast, and may interact with this low, but the latest GFS and ECMWF keep the southern low spinning thru the weekend in a Rex block. This will likely set up an unsettled wx pattern for the forecast area starting Wednesday. An area of sfc low pres will form over the Lower MS Valley and activate a warm front across the Southeast. Gulf moisture will spread over the front and produce areas of showers off and on thru Friday. There will be some diurnal component to the activity, but there may some shower chances continuing at night. At this point, it doesn't look like a heavy rain/flood threat, but locally heavy rainfall cannot be ruled out. Severe chances will also be muted with generally elevated CAPE and marginal bulk shear. Max temps will be near to slightly below normal, while lows will generally be a few degrees above normal under plenty of cloud cover. && .AVIATION /04Z SUNDAY THROUGH THURSDAY/... At KCLT and elsewhere: The first round of TSRA has cleared all terminals, but another round is on its way. Starting out VFR everywhere as a line of TSRA approaches terminals from the west. Confidence has increased prompting TEMPOs at all sites, with KAVL as the earliest arrival by 01z. If the line holds together, KCLT could see TSRA after 04z-08z. Some VCSH may linger but quickly diminish afterwards. MVFR/IFR cigs behind the line start to clear into late Sunday morning before improving into the VFR range. As for winds, KAVL turns NW by daybreak as the front approaches. Not expecting much of a wind direction change elsewhere for this TAF period. Other than a few temporary gusts during the TSRA, winds should be 5-10kts. Outlook: Drier weather and predominately VFR conditions are expected to return after Sunday. && .GSP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... GA...None. NC...None. SC...None. && SYNOPSIS...ARK NEAR TERM...CP/MPR/PM SHORT TERM...ARK LONG TERM...ARK AVIATION...CP
Hazardous weather outlook, May 3, 3:42 PM EDT, 8 hours 43 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC 342 PM EDT Sat May 3 2025 GAZ010-017-018-026-028-029-NCZ033-035>037-048>053-056>059-062>065- 068>072-082-501>510-SCZ008>014-019-101>109-041945- Rabun-Habersham-Stephens-Franklin-Hart-Elbert-Avery-Alexander- Iredell-Davie-Madison-Yancey-Mitchell-Swain-Haywood-Buncombe-Catawba- Rowan-Graham-Northern Jackson-Macon-Southern Jackson-Transylvania- Henderson-Cleveland-Lincoln-Gaston-Mecklenburg-Cabarrus-Union- Caldwell Mountains-Greater Caldwell-Burke Mountains-Greater Burke- McDowell Mountains-Eastern McDowell-Rutherford Mountains- Greater Rutherford-Polk Mountains-Eastern Polk-Cherokee-York- Anderson-Abbeville-Laurens-Chester-Greenwood-Oconee Mountains- Pickens Mountains-Greenville Mountains-Greater Oconee- Greater Pickens-Central Greenville-Southern Greenville- Northern Spartanburg-Southern Spartanburg- 342 PM EDT Sat May 3 2025 This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for northeast Georgia, Piedmont North Carolina, western North Carolina and Upstate South Carolina. .DAY ONE...This afternoon and tonight. Showers and thunderstorms now through tonight with the main threats of damaging wind gusts and large hail. A few locations could see multiple rounds of storms. Some localized flash flooding is also possible, particularly in areas that experience more than one round of heavy rainfall. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday. No hazardous weather is expected at this time. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotters are requested to forward any reports of large hail, damaging winds, tornadoes, or flash flooding to our office.
In the hours before
Special weather statement, May 3, 10:52 PM EDT, 1 hour 33 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
1052 PM EDT Sat May 3 2025
SCZ109-040330-
Southern Spartanburg SC-
1052 PM EDT Sat May 3 2025
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT CENTRAL SPARTANBURG COUNTY
THROUGH 1130 PM EDT...
At 1052 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 11
miles southwest of Spartanburg, or 4 miles southeast of Reidville,
moving east at 30 mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 50 mph.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects.
Locations impacted include...
Reidville, Moore, Pauline, Roebuck, Cedar Springs, Croft State Park,
and Spartanburg.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
&&
LAT...LON 3476 8210 3488 8214 3493 8188 3478 8182
TIME...MOT...LOC 0252Z 252DEG 26KT 3482 8207
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.00 IN
MAX WIND GUST...50 MPH
TWSpecial weather statement, May 3, 11:03 PM EDT, 1 hour 22 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
1103 PM EDT Sat May 3 2025
NCZ071-SCZ009-040330-
Mecklenburg NC-York SC-
1103 PM EDT Sat May 3 2025
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT SOUTHWESTERN MECKLENBURG AND
NORTHEASTERN YORK COUNTIES THROUGH 1130 PM EDT...
At 1102 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 10
miles north of Rock Hill, or near Lake Wylie, moving northeast at 25
mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 40 mph and pea size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to outdoor objects is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Freedom Park, Charlotte Douglas Airport, Tega Cay, Central and
Southwest Charlotte, Steele Creek, Carowinds, Lake Wylie, Southpark
Mall, and Pineville.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
Torrential rainfall is also occurring with this storm and may lead to
localized flooding. Do not drive your vehicle through flooded
roadways.
&&
LAT...LON 3514 8076 3500 8108 3509 8115 3515 8107
3515 8101 3518 8100 3520 8101 3528 8090
TIME...MOT...LOC 0302Z 235DEG 22KT 3508 8104
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.25 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH
8Local storm report, May 3, 11:10 PM EDT, 1 hour 15 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
1110 PM EDT Sat May 3 2025
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1028 PM Tstm Wnd Dmg 1 NE Mauldin 34.80N 82.29W
05/03/2025 Greenville SC NWS Employee
Severe wind gust observed by NWS employee.
&&
TWSpecial weather statement, May 3, 11:34 PM EDT, 51 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
1134 PM EDT Sat May 3 2025
NCZ071-082-SCZ009-040400-
Union NC-Mecklenburg NC-York SC-
1134 PM EDT Sat May 3 2025
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT SOUTHWESTERN MECKLENBURG...WEST
CENTRAL UNION AND EAST CENTRAL YORK COUNTIES THROUGH MIDNIGHT EDT...
At 1133 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 4
miles west of Indian Land, or near Fort Mill, moving northeast at 30
mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 50 mph.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects.
Locations impacted include...
Indian Trail, Tega Cay, Fort Mill, South Charlotte, Matthews,
Stallings, The Arboretum, Pineville, Carowinds, and Southwest
Charlotte.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
This storm may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio
stations and available television stations for additional information
and possible warnings from the National Weather Service.
Conditions are favorable for development of a very brief, weak
tornado. Be prepared to take immediate action if a tornado is sighted
or a Tornado Warning is issued.
&&
LAT...LON 3506 8063 3499 8083 3508 8091 3503 8090
3501 8091 3501 8090 3499 8089 3498 8089
3495 8096 3505 8104 3523 8077
TIME...MOT...LOC 0333Z 240DEG 25KT 3502 8093
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.00 IN
MAX WIND GUST...50 MPH
8Special weather statement, May 3, 11:47 PM EDT, 38 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
1147 PM EDT Sat May 3 2025
SCZ008-009-013-014-040415-
York SC-Cherokee SC-Union SC-Chester SC-
1147 PM EDT Sat May 3 2025
...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WILL IMPACT CHESTER...SOUTHWESTERN YORK...
SOUTHEASTERN CHEROKEE AND NORTHEASTERN UNION COUNTIES THROUGH 1215 AM
EDT...
At 1147 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking strong thunderstorms along
a line extending from 11 miles northeast of Union to 15 miles
southwest of Chester. Movement was east at 40 mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 40 mph.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects.
Locations impacted include...
Chester State Park, Leeds, York, Cornwell, Bullock Creek, Sharon,
Carlisle, Chester, Saratt, and Lockhart.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
These storms may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio
stations and available television stations for additional information
and possible warnings from the National Weather Service.
Conditions are favorable for development of a very brief, weak
tornado. Be prepared to take immediate action if a tornado is sighted
or a Tornado Warning is issued.
&&
LAT...LON 3490 8157 3507 8116 3455 8101 3457 8142
3454 8143 3454 8147
TIME...MOT...LOC 0347Z 250DEG 35KT 3485 8151 3459 8145
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.00 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH
8Special weather statement, May 4, 12:17 AM EDT, 8 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
1217 AM EDT Sun May 4 2025
SCZ009-040430-
York SC-
1217 AM EDT Sun May 4 2025
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT SOUTHEASTERN YORK COUNTY THROUGH
1230 AM EDT...
At 1217 AM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 5
miles southwest of Rock Hill, moving northeast at 40 mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 40 mph.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects.
Locations impacted include...
Fort Mill, Lesslie, Rock Hill, Newport, and Catawba.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
This storm may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio
stations and available television stations for additional information
and possible warnings from the National Weather Service.
Conditions are favorable for development of a very brief, weak
tornado. Be prepared to take immediate action if a tornado is sighted
or a Tornado Warning is issued.
&&
LAT...LON 3490 8088 3487 8088 3482 8111 3482 8116
3492 8122 3508 8091 3506 8090 3504 8090
3501 8091 3499 8089 3497 8089 3496 8087
3492 8086
TIME...MOT...LOC 0417Z 244DEG 36KT 3489 8111
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.00 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH
8The office that day
Everything else NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 3, 10:44 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Polk | 31 min |
| May 3, 11:03 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Mecklenburg | 27 min |
| May 3, 11:34 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Mecklenburg | 26 min |
| May 4, 12:47 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Cabarrus, Iredell, Mecklenburg, Union | 28 min |
| May 4, 1:00 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Cabarrus, Mecklenburg, Rowan, Union | 45 min |
| May 4, 1:05 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Cabarrus, Davie, Iredell, Mecklenburg, Rowan | 40 min |
Nearby
Tornado Warnings in North Carolina, 2025Every tornado warning in 2025Tornadoes in 2025
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.