Alert archive / Alaska / Blizzard Warnings in 2024
Blizzard Warning 5, NWS Anchorage, AK
NWS Anchorage, AK issued this blizzard warning at Feb 15, 2024, 3:02 PM AKST. It was in force for 18 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- Feb 15, 2024, 3:02 PM AKST (00:02 UTC)
- Expired
- Feb 16, 2024, 9:00 AM AKST
- In force
- 18 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Anchorage, AK
The text
As transmitted.
743 WWAK42 PAFC 160002 WSWALU URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE National Weather Service Anchorage AK 302 PM AKST Thu Feb 15 2024 AKZ155-161500- /O.UPG.PAFC.WW.Y.0014.000000T0000Z-240216T1800Z/ /O.NEW.PAFC.BZ.W.0005.240216T0002Z-240216T1800Z/ Kuskokwim Delta- Including the cities of Bethel and Nunivak Island 302 PM AKST Thu Feb 15 2024 ...BLIZZARD WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM AKST FRIDAY FOR THE KUSKOKWIM DELTA COAST... * WHAT...Blizzard conditions. Additional snow accumulations of 4 to 7 inches. Northwest winds gusting up to 55 mph at times. Visibility reduced to one-quarter mile or less at times. * WHERE...Kuskokwim Delta Coast Kipnuk and North including Nunivak Island. * WHEN...Until 9 AM AKST Friday. * IMPACTS...Plan on difficult travel conditions. Heavy snow and areas of blowing snow could cause white-out conditions at times. * ADDITIONAL DETAILS...As of 2 PM AKST, blizzard conditions are occurring across areas of the Kuskokwim Delta coast. Blizzard conditions are expected to continue through Friday morning. While the worst conditions are expected at the coast, places further inland like Bethel will also experience a burst of moderate to heavy snow at times with reduced visibilities to less than one mile at times. Winds will slowly come down Friday morning and visibilities should improve by then. However, snow will continue to linger through the day and into the weekend. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Blizzard Warning means severe winter weather conditions are expected or occurring. Falling and blowing snow with strong winds and poor visibilities are likely. This will lead to whiteout conditions, making travel very hazardous. If you must travel, have a winter survival kit with you.If you get stranded, stay with your vehicle. && $$ AKZ161-160600- /O.CON.PAFC.WW.Y.0014.000000T0000Z-240216T0600Z/ Bristol Bay- Including the cities of King Salmon, Dillingham, Naknek, and Pilot Point 302 PM AKST Thu Feb 15 2024 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM AKST THIS EVENING... * WHAT...Snow. Additional snow accumulations of 1 to 3 inches. Winds gusting as high as 30 mph. * WHERE...Bristol Bay west of Dillingham. * WHEN...Until 9 PM AKST this evening. * IMPACTS...Plan on difficult travel conditions. Localized areas of heavy and snow and blowing snow could cause significantly reduced visibility. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Slow down and use caution while traveling. && $$ AKZ181-160600- /O.CON.PAFC.WW.Y.0014.000000T0000Z-240216T0600Z/ Alaska Peninsula- Including the cities of Cold Bay and Sand Point 302 PM AKST Thu Feb 15 2024 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM AKST THIS EVENING... * WHAT...Snow and blowing snow. Additional snow accumulations of 1 to 3 inches. Winds gusting as high as 40 mph. Visibility reduced to one-half mile at times. * WHERE...Alaska Peninsula. * WHEN...Until 9 PM AKST this evening. * IMPACTS...Plan on difficult travel conditions. Areas of blowing snow could significantly reduce visibility. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Slow down and use caution while traveling. && $$ http://www.weather.gov/afc
4 follow-up statements
394 WWAK42 PAFC 160554 WSWALU URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE National Weather Service Anchorage AK 854 PM AKST Thu Feb 15 2024 AKZ161-160700- /O.CAN.PAFC.WW.Y.0014.000000T0000Z-240216T0600Z/ Bristol Bay- Including the cities of King Salmon, Dillingham, Naknek, and Pilot Point 854 PM AKST Thu Feb 15 2024 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IS CANCELLED... Visibilities have improved and winds have begun to decrease across much of the area. Rain and snow mix will continue through the rest of tonight for the Bristol Bay coast. $$ AKZ155-161600- /O.CON.PAFC.BZ.W.0005.000000T0000Z-240216T1800Z/ Kuskokwim Delta- Including the cities of Bethel and Nunivak Island 854 PM AKST Thu Feb 15 2024 ...BLIZZARD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM AKST FRIDAY... * WHAT...Blizzard conditions. Additional snow accumulations of 4 to 7 inches. Northwest winds gusting up to 55 mph at times. Visibility reduced to one-quarter mile or less at times. * WHERE...Kuskokwim Delta Coast Kipnuk and North including Nunivak Island. * WHEN...Until 9 AM AKST Friday. * IMPACTS...Plan on difficult travel conditions. Heavy snow and areas of blowing snow could cause white-out conditions at times. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Blizzard Warning means severe winter weather conditions are expected or occurring. Falling and blowing snow with strong winds and poor visibilities are likely. This will lead to whiteout conditions, making travel very hazardous. If you must travel, have a winter survival kit with you.If you get stranded, stay with your vehicle. && $$ AKZ181-161500- /O.EXT.PAFC.WW.Y.0014.000000T0000Z-240216T1500Z/ Alaska Peninsula- Including the cities of Cold Bay and Sand Point 854 PM AKST Thu Feb 15 2024 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 AM AKST FRIDAY... * WHAT...Snow and blowing snow. Additional snow accumulations of 1 to 3 inches. Winds gusting as high as 40 mph. Visibility reduced to one-half mile at times. * WHERE...Alaska Peninsula. * WHEN...Until 6 AM AKST Friday. * IMPACTS...Plan on difficult travel conditions. Areas of blowing snow could significantly reduce visibility. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Slow down and use caution while traveling. && $$ http://www.weather.gov/afc
204 WWAK42 PAFC 160624 WSWALU URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE National Weather Service Anchorage AK 924 PM AKST Thu Feb 15 2024 AKZ155-161500- /O.CON.PAFC.BZ.W.0005.000000T0000Z-240216T1800Z/ Kuskokwim Delta- Including the cities of Bethel and Nunivak Island 924 PM AKST Thu Feb 15 2024 ...BLIZZARD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM AKST FRIDAY FOR THE KUSKOKWIM DELTA COAST... * WHAT...Blizzard conditions. Additional snow accumulations of 4 to 7 inches. Northwest winds gusting up to 55 mph at times. Visibility reduced to one-quarter mile or less at times. * WHERE...Kuskokwim Delta Coast Kipnuk and North including Nunivak Island. * WHEN...Until 9 AM AKST Friday. * IMPACTS...Plan on difficult travel conditions. Heavy snow and areas of blowing snow could cause white-out conditions at times. * ADDITIONAL DETAILS...While snow is expected to continue across northern and western Kuskokwim Delta, areas of light freezing rain are possible around the Bethel area from Thursday night through early Friday morning. For locations with freezing rain, trace amounts to a light glaze of ice accumulation is possible. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Blizzard Warning means severe winter weather conditions are expected or occurring. Falling and blowing snow with strong winds and poor visibilities are likely. This will lead to whiteout conditions, making travel very hazardous. If you must travel, have a winter survival kit with you.If you get stranded, stay with your vehicle. && $$ AKZ191-161500- /O.NEW.PAFC.WW.Y.0016.240216T1800Z-240217T0200Z/ Western Aleutians- Including the city of Shemya and Amchitka 924 PM AKST Thu Feb 15 2024 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 9 AM TO 5 PM AKST FRIDAY... * WHAT...Snow expected. Total snow accumulations of 2 to 4 inches. Winds gusting as high as 70 mph. Visibility reduced to as low as one half mile. * WHERE...Western Aleutians. * WHEN...From 9 AM to 5 PM AKST Friday. * IMPACTS...Plan on difficult travel conditions. Areas of blowing snow could significantly reduce visibility. Very strong winds could damage property and cause power outages. * ADDITIONAL DETAILS...A frontal system will bring snow to the western Aleutians Friday morning. As the front approaches, southeasterly winds will quickly increase. Snow is also expected to become heavy at times by late Friday morning. Warmer air is then expected to move over the region as the front lifts to the north changing the snow to either a rain/snow mix or to all rain. Winds will remain gusty behind the front with gusts to 70 mph likely through Friday evening. Mixed rain and snow showers will also persist through Friday evening. The combination of snow and wind may reduce visibility to as low as one half mile at times Friday morning through early Friday afternoon. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Slow down and use caution while traveling. && $$ AKZ181-161500- /O.CON.PAFC.WW.Y.0014.000000T0000Z-240216T1500Z/ Alaska Peninsula- Including the cities of Cold Bay and Sand Point 924 PM AKST Thu Feb 15 2024 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 AM AKST FRIDAY... * WHAT...Snow and blowing snow. Additional snow accumulations of 1 to 3 inches. Winds gusting as high as 40 mph. Visibility reduced to one-half mile at times. * WHERE...Alaska Peninsula. * WHEN...Until 6 AM AKST Friday. * IMPACTS...Plan on difficult travel conditions. Areas of blowing snow could significantly reduce visibility. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Slow down and use caution while traveling. && $$ http://www.weather.gov/afc
212 WWAK42 PAFC 161209 WSWALU URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE National Weather Service Anchorage AK 309 AM AKST Fri Feb 16 2024 AKZ155-161800- /O.CON.PAFC.BZ.W.0005.000000T0000Z-240216T1800Z/ Kuskokwim Delta- Including the cities of Bethel and Nunivak Island 309 AM AKST Fri Feb 16 2024 ...BLIZZARD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM AKST THIS MORNING... * WHAT...Blizzard conditions. Northwest winds gusting up to 55 mph at times. Visibility reduced to one-quarter mile or less at times. * WHERE...Kuskokwim Delta Coast Kipnuk and North including Nunivak Island. * WHEN...Until 9 AM AKST this morning. * IMPACTS...Plan on difficult travel conditions. Heavy snow and areas of blowing snow could cause white-out conditions at times. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Blizzard Warning means severe winter weather conditions are expected or occurring. Falling and blowing snow with strong winds and poor visibilities are likely. This will lead to whiteout conditions, making travel very hazardous. If you must travel, have a winter survival kit with you.If you get stranded, stay with your vehicle. && $$ AKZ181-161800- /O.EXT.PAFC.WW.Y.0014.000000T0000Z-240216T1800Z/ Alaska Peninsula- Including the cities of Cold Bay and Sand Point 309 AM AKST Fri Feb 16 2024 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM AKST THIS MORNING... * WHAT...Snow and blowing snow. Winds gusting as high as 40 mph. Visibility reduced to one-half mile at times. * WHERE...Alaska Peninsula. * WHEN...Until 9 AM AKST this morning. * IMPACTS...Plan on difficult travel conditions. Areas of blowing snow could significantly reduce visibility. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Slow down and use caution while traveling. && $$ AKZ191-170115- /O.CON.PAFC.WW.Y.0016.240216T1800Z-240217T0200Z/ Western Aleutians- Including the city of Shemya and Amchitka 309 AM AKST Fri Feb 16 2024 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 9 AM THIS MORNING TO 5 PM AKST THIS AFTERNOON... * WHAT...Snow expected. Total snow accumulations of 2 to 4 inches. Winds gusting as high as 70 mph. Visibility reduced to as low as one half mile. * WHERE...Western Aleutians. * WHEN...From 9 AM to 5 PM AKST today. * IMPACTS...Plan on difficult travel conditions. Areas of blowing snow could significantly reduce visibility. Very strong winds could damage property and cause power outages. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Slow down and use caution while traveling. && $$ http://www.weather.gov/afc
697 WWAK42 PAFC 161757 WSWALU URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE National Weather Service Anchorage AK 857 AM AKST Fri Feb 16 2024 AKZ155-161900- /O.EXP.PAFC.BZ.W.0005.000000T0000Z-240216T1800Z/ Kuskokwim Delta- Including the cities of Bethel and Nunivak Island 857 AM AKST Fri Feb 16 2024 ...BLIZZARD WARNING WILL EXPIRE AT 9 AM AKST THIS MORNING... Temperatures have warmed and winds have come down in addition to visibilities having improved along the Kuskokwim Delta Coast this morning. Therefore, blizzard conditions are no longer expected. $$ AKZ181-161900- /O.EXP.PAFC.WW.Y.0014.000000T0000Z-240216T1800Z/ Alaska Peninsula- Including the cities of Cold Bay and Sand Point 857 AM AKST Fri Feb 16 2024 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY WILL EXPIRE AT 9 AM AKST THIS MORNING... Temperatures have warmed to near or above freezing this morning for many locations. With a transition to mostly rain, accumulating snow is no longer a threat and the advisory is allowed to expire. $$ AKZ191-170200- /O.CON.PAFC.WW.Y.0016.240216T1800Z-240217T0200Z/ Western Aleutians- Including the city of Shemya and Amchitka 857 AM AKST Fri Feb 16 2024 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 5 PM AKST THIS AFTERNOON... * WHAT...Snow expected. Total snow accumulations of 2 to 4 inches. Winds gusting as high as 70 mph. * WHERE...Western Aleutians. * WHEN...Until 5 PM AKST this afternoon. * IMPACTS...Plan on slippery road conditions. Areas of blowing snow could significantly reduce visibility. Very strong winds could damage property and cause power outages. * ADDITIONAL DETAILS...A frontal system will bring snow to the western Aleutians today. As the front approaches, southeasterly winds will quickly increase. Snow is also expected to become heavy at times by late this morning. Warmer air is then expected to move over the region as the front lifts to the north changing the snow to either a rain/snow mix or to all rain. Winds will remain gusty behind the front with gusts to 70 mph likely through this evening. Mixed rain and snow showers will also persist through this evening. The combination of snow and wind may reduce visibility to as low as one half mile at times this morning through early this afternoon. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Slow down and use caution while traveling. && $$ http://www.weather.gov/afc
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this blizzard warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Anchorage, AK wrote its last area forecast discussion before this blizzard warning went out at Feb 15, 4:17 AM AKST, 10 hours 45 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Feb 15, 4:17 AM AKST, 10 hours 45 minutes before
Southcentral and Southwest Alaska Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Anchorage AK 417 AM AKST Thu Feb 15 2024 .SHORT TERM FORECAST SOUTHCENTRAL ALASKA (Days 1 through 3: Today through Saturday)... The strong blocking ridge remains centered over the southern Yukon and extends across most of the Gulf of Alaska and Southcentral. This is producing mostly clear skies across Southcentral with just a little cirrus riding over the periphery of the ridge on the Cook Inlet area. A surface low located well south of Kodiak Island, along with a warm occlusion extending northward to Bristol Bay, is causing pressure gradient driven east to southeast winds across the western Gulf of Alaska again today. However, with winds diminished across Southcentral, there is not the adiabatic compression occurring that created the warming that we saw early Wednesday and through the day in some areas. Temperatures aloft are still warm due to the inversion over the region due to that warm ridge. This inversion is not nearly as strong as yesterday as seen comparing the 00Z (Wednesday afternoon) Anchorage sounding and the 12Z one from early this morning. the 00Z sounding showed a peak temperature of 51F at 900 ft elevation, where the maximum temperatures from early this morning are from 40F to 44F from about 1000 to 2000 ft elevation. Kodiak Island remains along the periphery of moisture from the Pacific storm. Kodiak City will be in and out of rain today while steady rain will persist along the south end of Kodiak Island. The upper level ridge will slowly shift eastward across western Canada over the next few days. For Southcentral, there will be very little change in weather through Friday with continued sunny skies, windy conditions in some areas, and above normal temperatures. Kodiak Island will see periods of rain, locally heavy at times, as the ridge retreats and a series of lows and upper level short- waves track northward out of the Pacific. A change in weather will become more evident on Saturday as the retreating ridge will bring clouds and precipitation northward across the Gulf on Saturday. There remain some differences in model guidance, but expect precipitation to reach the eastern Kenai Peninsula and Gulf coast sometime on Saturday. Snow levels will start out near 1000 feet and rise through the weekend, so expect all rain at sea level as precipitation arrives. With continued southeasterly low level flow, inland areas will remain downsloped and mostly dry. && .SHORT TERM FORECAST SOUTHWEST ALASKA/BERING SEA/ALEUTIANS (Days 1 through 3)... A highly amplified pattern, with a deep longwave trough extending across the Bering Sea into the North Pacific and a dome of high pressure over the Yukon. On satellite imagery there is a fetch of modified tropical moisture going over the Alaska Peninsula into mainland Southwest Alaska this morning. There is plenty of cold air in place and additional snow accumulations are expected. The models ping into additional plume of moisture with origins from the Central Pacific moving across the AKPEN into the weekend. This set up looks to be warmer than the previous ones, so rain may begin to mix into Bristol Bay. All the while, a Pacific low lifts northward over the western Aleutians bringing snow and gusty winds through Thursday and and will pivot northward. A second Pacific low of 957 mb to 959 mb will move into the region on Friday. There is still some uncertainty on the exact track, with some uncertainty in potential high winds across the western Aleutians on the south side of the low for Saturday. && .LONG TERM FORECAST (Days 4 through 7: Sunday through Wednesday)... The upper level Canadian ridge extending over Mainland Alaska briefly regains its amplitude before edging to the East through Wednesday. A weak upper level low in the Gulf of Alaska drifts to the Southeast through Monday, while the Bering low loops around the Central Bering. Several significant shortwaves rotate around this low through the end of the forecast period. Forecast confidence is overall good, however it briefly becomes chaotically uncertain locally as the shortwaves move along the Southern portions. One shortwave over the Western Aleutians and Bering brings areas of gale force winds for Sunday, diminishing. Afterward, it helps develop a weak closed center South of the Eastern Aleutians Tuesday that moves into the North Pacific by Wednesday. Precipitation along the Aleutians and Alaska Peninsula starts as snow and becomes mixed rain and snow on the Bering side and all rain along the Pacific side through Wednesday. Another well developed low approaches the Western Aleutians for Wednesday, increasing winds and precipitation in the West. The Bering shortwaves batter the Western side of the Mainland ridge as the ridge begins its Eastward move. Surface wind flow will boost moisture all along the Southern Coasts from the bottom of the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island into Cook Inlet, and from the bottom of the Kenai Peninsula to the Canadian Border. Coastal locations will see rain with the higher amounts from Prince William Sound East as somewhat warmer than normal temperatures continue to pump into the Interior through the forecast period. Kutz && .AVIATION... PANC...VFR conditions and light northerly winds will persist through the TAF period. Light winds coupled with winds coming out of Turnagain Arm will maintain the possibility of LLWS this morning. LLWS should become less of a concern over the terminal by late this afternoon/early evening. &&
In the hours before
Local storm report, Feb 15, 11:16 AM AKST, 3 hours 46 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Anchorage AK
1116 AM AKST Thu Feb 15 2024
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1100 AM Snow Chignik 56.29N 158.40W
02/15/2024 E24.0 inch Lake and Peninsula AK Local Official
Chignik City Office estimated at least two
feet of snow fell since the early morning
hours of Feb 14. 9 inches of snow measured
through 2:30 pm Feb 14. Estimated one foot
through the day, with another foot
overnight.
&&Local storm report, Feb 15, 1:22 PM AKST, 1 hour 40 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Anchorage AK
122 PM AKST Thu Feb 15 2024
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0100 PM Snow Port Heiden 56.94N 158.63W
02/15/2024 E6.5 inch Lake and Peninsula AK Local Official
Port Heiden City Office estimated 6 to 7
inches of snow since yesterday. Storm total.
0115 PM Snow Sand Point 55.34N 160.49W
02/15/2024 E3.0 inch Aleutians East AK Broadcast Media
Estimated 3 inches of snow since yesterday.
Significant snow drifts.
&&Local storm report, Feb 15, 1:55 PM AKST, 1 hour 7 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Anchorage AK
155 PM AKST Thu Feb 15 2024
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0130 PM Snow Dillingham 59.04N 158.46W
02/15/2024 E12.0 inch Dillingham AK Law Enforcement
Dillingham Police estimated at least a foot
of snow fell since it began yesterday
morning (Feb 14). Overnight, snow changed
over to rain. Storm total.
0145 PM Snow Togiak 59.06N 160.38W
02/15/2024 E24.0 inch Dillingham AK Local Official
Togiak City Office estimated two feet of
snow since yesterday. Storm total.
&&The office that day
Everything else NWS Anchorage, AK issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feb 15, 3:46 PM AKST | Gale Warning | AFC | 11 hr | |
| Feb 15, 3:46 PM AKST | Small Craft Advisory | AFC | 48 hr | |
| Feb 15, 3:48 PM AKST | Gale Warning | AFC | 47 hr | |
| Feb 15, 3:48 PM AKST | Storm Warning | AFC | 36 hr | |
| Feb 15, 3:48 PM AKST | Heavy Freezing Spray Warning | AFC | 11 hr | |
| Feb 15, 4:00 PM AKST | Gale Warning | AFC | 24 hr | |
| Feb 15, 4:00 PM AKST | Small Craft Advisory | AFC | 24 hr | |
| Feb 15, 4:00 PM AKST | Storm Warning | AFC | 24 hr | |
| Feb 15, 9:24 PM AKST | Winter Weather Advisory | AFC | 17 hr | |
| Feb 16, 2:55 AM AKST | Gale Warning | AFC | 13 hr | |
| Feb 16, 2:55 AM AKST | Small Craft Advisory | AFC | 13 hr | |
| Feb 16, 3:05 AM AKST | Small Craft Advisory | AFC | 4 days | |
| Feb 16, 2:18 PM AKST | High Wind Warning | AFC | 8 hr |
Nearby
Blizzard Warnings in Alaska, 2024Every blizzard warning in 2024
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text.