Alert archive / Indiana / Wind Chill Advisories in 2022

Wind Chill Advisory 2, NWS Northern Indiana

December 24, 202224 counties in Indiana; 8 counties in Ohio; Branch County, Hillsdale County, Saint Joseph County, Michigan

NWS Northern Indiana issued this wind chill advisory at Dec 24, 2022, 9:45 AM EST for 24 counties in Indiana; 8 counties in Ohio; Branch County, Hillsdale County, Saint Joseph County, Michigan. It was in force for 24 hr.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Dec 24, 2022, 9:45 AM EST (14:45 UTC)
Expired
Dec 25, 2022, 10:00 AM EST
In force
24 hr
Issued by
NWS Northern Indiana
All 35 counties

Adams County, IN, Allen County, IN, Blackford County, IN, Cass County, IN, DeKalb County, IN, Elkhart County, IN, Fulton County, IN, Grant County, IN, Huntington County, IN, Jay County, IN, Kosciusko County, IN, LaGrange County, IN, LaPorte County, IN, Marshall County, IN, Miami County, IN, Noble County, IN, Pulaski County, IN, Saint Joseph County, IN, Starke County, IN, Steuben County, IN, Wabash County, IN, Wells County, IN, White County, IN, Whitley County, IN, Branch County, MI, Hillsdale County, MI, Saint Joseph County, MI, Allen County, OH, Defiance County, OH, Fulton County, OH, Henry County, OH, Paulding County, OH, Putnam County, OH, Van Wert County, OH, Williams County, OH

The radar

The Northern Indiana radar (KIWX), 33 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 14:48 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The nearest sounding before it

Detroit, MI (KDTX), launched 12:00Z, 2.8 hours before the alert went out and 236 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Detroit, MI at 12:00Z on 2022-12-24Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Detroit, MI at 12:00Z on 2022-12-24The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 422 square meters per square second.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
638 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
48 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
422 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
397 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

700 
WWUS43 KIWX 241445
WSWIWX

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Northern Indiana
945 AM EST Sat Dec 24 2022

INZ005-103-104-204-MIZ079-242245-
/O.CAN.KIWX.BZ.W.0001.000000T0000Z-221224T1800Z/
/O.EXB.KIWX.WS.W.0007.000000T0000Z-221225T0000Z/
Elkhart-Northern La Porte-Eastern St. Joseph IN-
Western St. Joseph IN-St. Joseph MI-
Including the cities of Elkhart, Goshen, Nappanee, Michigan City,
La Porte, Kingsbury, Fish Lake, South Bend, Mishawaka, Lakeville,
Granger, North Liberty, New Carlisle, Walkerton, Sturgis, 
Three Rivers, White Pigeon, and Mendon
945 AM EST Sat Dec 24 2022 /845 AM CST Sat Dec 24 2022/

...WINTER STORM WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM EST /6 PM CST/ THIS
EVENING...
...BLIZZARD WARNING IS CANCELLED...

* WHAT...Lake effect snow, dangerous wind chills, and blowing and
  drifting snow expected. Additional snow totals a half inch to 
  two inches, mainly along and north of the Indiana Toll Road. 
  Winds gusting as high as 40 mph.

* WHERE...In Indiana, Elkhart, Northern La Porte, Eastern St. 
  Joseph IN and Western St. Joseph IN Counties. In Michigan, St. 
  Joseph MI County.

* WHEN...Until 7 PM EST /6 PM CST/ this evening.

* IMPACTS...Plan on slippery road conditions. Areas of blowing 
  snow could significantly reduce visibility. The cold wind 
  chills as low as 25 below zero could cause frostbite on 
  exposed skin in as little as 30 minutes.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

If you must travel, keep an extra flashlight, food, and water in
your vehicle in case of an emergency. 

&&

$$

INZ203-242245-
/O.CAN.KIWX.BZ.W.0001.000000T0000Z-221224T1800Z/
/O.NEW.KIWX.WC.Y.0002.221224T1445Z-221225T0000Z/
Southern La Porte-
Including the cities of Wanatah, La Crosse and Union Mills
845 AM CST Sat Dec 24 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 PM CST THIS EVENING...
...BLIZZARD WARNING IS CANCELLED...

* WHAT...Very cold wind chills. Wind chills as low as 25 below 
  zero.

* WHERE...Southern La Porte County.

* WHEN...Until 6 PM CST this evening.

* IMPACTS...The cold wind chills could cause frostbite on 
  exposed skin in as little as 30 minutes.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Gusty winds and cold temperatures will also
  lead to areas of blowing snow and slick roads today into tonight.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use caution while traveling outside. Wear appropriate clothing, a
hat, and gloves. 

&&

$$

INZ007>009-012>015-017-018-020-022>027-032>034-116-216-MIZ081-
OHZ001-002-004-005-015-016-024-025-242245-
/O.CAN.KIWX.WS.W.0007.000000T0000Z-221224T1800Z/
/O.NEW.KIWX.WC.Y.0002.221224T1445Z-221225T0000Z/
Steuben-Noble-De Kalb-Starke-Pulaski-Marshall-Fulton IN-Whitley-
Allen IN-White-Cass IN-Miami-Wabash-Huntington-Wells-Adams-Grant-
Blackford-Jay-Northern Kosciusko-Southern Kosciusko-Hillsdale-
Williams-Fulton OH-Defiance-Henry-Paulding-Putnam-Van Wert-
Allen OH-
Including the cities of Angola, Fremont, Kendallville, Ligonier, 
Albion, Auburn, Garrett, Knox, North Judson, Bass Lake, Winamac, 
Francesville, Medaryville, Plymouth, Bremen, Culver, Rochester, 
Akron, Columbia City, Tri-Lakes, South Whitley, Fort Wayne, 
New Haven, Monticello, Monon, Brookston, Logansport, 
Royal Center, Peru, Grissom AFB, Mexico, Wabash, 
North Manchester, Huntington, Roanoke, Bluffton, Ossian, Decatur,
Berne, Marion, Gas City, Upland, Hartford City, Montpelier, 
Portland, Dunkirk, Syracuse, Milford, North Webster, Leesburg, 
Warsaw, Winona Lake, Silver Lake, Mentone, Hillsdale, Jonesville,
Litchfield, Bryan, Edgerton, Wauseon, Archbold, Swanton, Delta, 
Defiance, Sherwood, Hicksville, Napoleon, Deshler, 
Liberty Center, Paulding, Antwerp, Payne, Ottawa, Leipsic, 
Columbus Grove, Continental, Pandora, Van Wert, Ohio City, Lima, 
and Spencerville
945 AM EST Sat Dec 24 2022 /845 AM CST Sat Dec 24 2022/

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM EST /6 PM CST/ THIS
EVENING...
...WINTER STORM WARNING IS CANCELLED...

* WHAT...Very cold wind chills. Wind chills as low as 25 below 
  zero.

* WHERE...Portions of northern Indiana, southwest Michigan and 
  northwest Ohio.

* WHEN...Until 7 PM EST /6 PM CST/ this evening.

* IMPACTS...The cold wind chills could cause frostbite on 
  exposed skin in as little as 30 minutes.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Gusty winds and cold temperatures will also
  lead to areas of blowing snow and slick roads today into
  tonight. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use caution while traveling outside. Wear appropriate clothing, a
hat, and gloves. 

&&

$$

MIZ078-177-277-242245-
/O.EXT.KIWX.BZ.W.0001.000000T0000Z-221225T0000Z/
Cass MI-Northern Berrien-Southern Berrien-
Including the cities of Dowagiac, Cassopolis, Edwardsburg, 
Marcellus, Benton Harbor, St. Joseph, Paw Paw Lake, Niles, 
New Buffalo, Stevensville, and Berrien Springs
945 AM EST Sat Dec 24 2022

...BLIZZARD WARNING NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM EST THIS EVENING...

* WHAT...Blizzard conditions expected. Additional snow
  accumulations of 1 to 3 inches. Winds gusting as high as 40 
  mph.

* WHERE...Cass MI, Northern Berrien and Southern Berrien 
  Counties.

* WHEN...Until 7 PM EST this evening.

* IMPACTS....Travel will be very difficult. Several road closures
  are in place. Widespread blowing and drifting snow will
  significantly reduce visibility. Isolated power outages have
  been reported. The cold wind chills as low as 20 below zero 
  could cause frostbite on exposed skin in as little as 30 
  minutes.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Travel should be restricted to emergencies only. If you must
travel, have a winter survival kit with you. If you get stranded,
stay with your vehicle. 

&&

$$

INZ006-MIZ080-242245-
/O.EXT.KIWX.WS.W.0007.000000T0000Z-221225T0000Z/
Lagrange-Branch-
Including the cities of Lagrange, Topeka, Shipshewana, Coldwater,
and Bronson
945 AM EST Sat Dec 24 2022

...WINTER STORM WARNING NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM EST THIS
EVENING...

* WHAT...Lake effect snow, dangerous wind chills, and blowing and
  drifting snow expected. Additional snow totals up to 1 inch, 
  mainly along and north of the Indiana Toll Road. Winds gusting 
  as high as 40 mph.

* WHERE...In Indiana, Lagrange County. In Michigan, Branch 
  County.

* WHEN...Until 7 PM EST this evening.

* IMPACTS...Plan on slippery road conditions. Areas of blowing 
  snow could significantly reduce visibility. The cold wind 
  chills as low as 25 below zero could cause frostbite on 
  exposed skin in as little as 30 minutes.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

If you must travel, keep an extra flashlight, food, and water in
your vehicle in case of an emergency. 

&&

$$
5 follow-up statements
212 
WWUS43 KIWX 241835
WSWIWX

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Northern Indiana
135 PM EST Sat Dec 24 2022

INZ005-006-MIZ080-250245-
/O.CAN.KIWX.WS.W.0007.000000T0000Z-221225T0000Z/
/O.EXB.KIWX.WC.Y.0002.000000T0000Z-221225T1500Z/
Elkhart-Lagrange-Branch-
Including the cities of Elkhart, Goshen, Nappanee, Lagrange, 
Topeka, Shipshewana, Coldwater, and Bronson
135 PM EST Sat Dec 24 2022

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 AM EST SUNDAY...
...WINTER STORM WARNING IS CANCELLED...

* WHAT...Very cold wind chills. Wind chills as low as 20 below 
  zero.

* WHERE...In Indiana, Elkhart and Lagrange Counties. In 
  Michigan, Branch County.

* WHEN...Until 10 AM EST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...The cold wind chills could result in hypothermia if 
  precautions are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use caution while traveling outside. Wear appropriate clothing, a
hat, and gloves. 

&&

$$

MIZ078-177-277-250000-
/O.CON.KIWX.BZ.W.0001.000000T0000Z-221225T0000Z/
Cass MI-Northern Berrien-Southern Berrien-
Including the cities of Dowagiac, Cassopolis, Edwardsburg, 
Marcellus, Benton Harbor, St. Joseph, Paw Paw Lake, Niles, 
New Buffalo, Stevensville, and Berrien Springs
135 PM EST Sat Dec 24 2022

...BLIZZARD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM EST THIS
EVENING...

* WHAT...Blizzard conditions. Additional snow accumulations of 
  up to one inch. Winds gusting as high as 40 mph.

* WHERE...Cass MI, Northern Berrien and Southern Berrien 
  Counties.

* WHEN...Until 7 PM EST this evening.

* IMPACTS...Plan on slippery road conditions. Widespread blowing
  snow could significantly reduce visibility. The cold wind chills
  5 to 15 below zero could result in hypothermia if precautions 
  are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Travel should be restricted to emergencies only. If you must
travel, have a winter survival kit with you. If you get stranded,
stay with your vehicle. 

&&

$$

INZ103-104-204-MIZ079-250000-
/O.CON.KIWX.WS.W.0007.000000T0000Z-221225T0000Z/
Northern La Porte-Eastern St. Joseph IN-Western St. Joseph IN-
St. Joseph MI-
Including the cities of Michigan City, La Porte, Kingsbury, 
Fish Lake, South Bend, Mishawaka, Lakeville, Granger, 
North Liberty, New Carlisle, Walkerton, Sturgis, Three Rivers, 
White Pigeon, and Mendon
135 PM EST Sat Dec 24 2022 /1235 PM CST Sat Dec 24 2022/

...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM EST /6 PM
CST/ THIS EVENING...

* WHAT...Areas of blowing and drifting snow expected. Dangerous
  wind chills. Winds gusting as high as 40 mph.

* WHERE...In Indiana, Northern La Porte, Eastern St. Joseph IN 
  and Western St. Joseph IN Counties. In Michigan, St. Joseph MI 
  County.

* WHEN...Until 7 PM EST /6 PM CST/ this evening.

* IMPACTS...Plan on slippery road conditions. Areas of blowing 
  snow could significantly reduce visibility. The cold wind 
  chills as low as 15 below zero could result in hypothermia if 
  precautions are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

If you must travel, keep an extra flashlight, food, and water in
your vehicle in case of an emergency. 

&&

$$

INZ007>009-012>015-017-018-020-022>027-032>034-116-203-216-MIZ081-
OHZ001-002-004-005-015-016-024-025-250245-
/O.EXT.KIWX.WC.Y.0002.000000T0000Z-221225T1500Z/
Steuben-Noble-De Kalb-Starke-Pulaski-Marshall-Fulton IN-Whitley-
Allen IN-White-Cass IN-Miami-Wabash-Huntington-Wells-Adams-Grant-
Blackford-Jay-Northern Kosciusko-Southern La Porte-
Southern Kosciusko-Hillsdale-Williams-Fulton OH-Defiance-Henry-
Paulding-Putnam-Van Wert-Allen OH-
Including the cities of Angola, Fremont, Kendallville, Ligonier, 
Albion, Auburn, Garrett, Knox, North Judson, Bass Lake, Winamac, 
Francesville, Medaryville, Plymouth, Bremen, Culver, Rochester, 
Akron, Columbia City, Tri-Lakes, South Whitley, Fort Wayne, 
New Haven, Monticello, Monon, Brookston, Logansport, 
Royal Center, Peru, Grissom AFB, Mexico, Wabash, 
North Manchester, Huntington, Roanoke, Bluffton, Ossian, Decatur,
Berne, Marion, Gas City, Upland, Hartford City, Montpelier, 
Portland, Dunkirk, Syracuse, Milford, North Webster, Leesburg, 
Wanatah, La Crosse, Union Mills, Warsaw, Winona Lake, 
Silver Lake, Mentone, Hillsdale, Jonesville, Litchfield, Bryan, 
Edgerton, Wauseon, Archbold, Swanton, Delta, Defiance, Sherwood, 
Hicksville, Napoleon, Deshler, Liberty Center, Paulding, Antwerp,
Payne, Ottawa, Leipsic, Columbus Grove, Continental, Pandora, 
Van Wert, Ohio City, Lima, and Spencerville
135 PM EST Sat Dec 24 2022 /1235 PM CST Sat Dec 24 2022/

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 AM EST /9 AM CST/
SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Very cold wind chills. Wind chills as low as 20 below 
  zero.

* WHERE...Portions of northern Indiana, southwest Michigan and 
  northwest Ohio.

* WHEN...Until 10 AM EST /9 AM CST/ Sunday.

* IMPACTS...The cold wind chills could cause frostbite on 
  exposed skin in as little as 30 minutes.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use caution while traveling outside. Wear appropriate clothing, a
hat, and gloves. 

&&

$$
648 
WWUS43 KIWX 242353
WSWIWX

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Northern Indiana
653 PM EST Sat Dec 24 2022

MIZ078-177-277-250800-
/O.EXP.KIWX.BZ.W.0001.000000T0000Z-221225T0000Z/
/O.NEW.KIWX.WW.Y.0017.221225T0000Z-221225T1500Z/
Cass MI-Northern Berrien-Southern Berrien-
Including the cities of Dowagiac, Cassopolis, Edwardsburg, 
Marcellus, Benton Harbor, St. Joseph, Paw Paw Lake, Niles, 
New Buffalo, Stevensville, and Berrien Springs
653 PM EST Sat Dec 24 2022

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 AM EST SUNDAY...
...BLIZZARD WARNING WILL EXPIRE AT 7 PM EST THIS EVENING...

* WHAT...Snow expected. Total snow accumulations of one to two
  inches paired with blowing and drifting snow, and dangerously
  cold wind chills. Westerly wind gusting as high as 35 mph.

* WHERE...Cass MI, Northern Berrien and Southern Berrien 
  Counties.

* WHEN...Until 10 AM EST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Plan on slippery road conditions. Areas of blowing
  snow could significantly reduce visibility. Wind chills of 10 to
  15 degrees below zero could result in hypothermia if 
  precautions are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Slow down and use caution while traveling. Be alert for variable
conditions. Limit time outdoors during these hazardous wind 
chills.

&&

$$

INZ103-104-204-MIZ079-250800-
/O.EXP.KIWX.WS.W.0007.000000T0000Z-221225T0000Z/
/O.EXB.KIWX.WC.Y.0002.221225T0000Z-221225T1500Z/
Northern La Porte-Eastern St. Joseph IN-Western St. Joseph IN-
St. Joseph MI-
Including the cities of Michigan City, La Porte, Kingsbury, 
Fish Lake, South Bend, Mishawaka, Lakeville, Granger, 
North Liberty, New Carlisle, Walkerton, Sturgis, Three Rivers, 
White Pigeon, and Mendon
653 PM EST Sat Dec 24 2022 /553 PM CST Sat Dec 24 2022/

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 AM EST /9 AM CST/
SUNDAY...
...WINTER STORM WARNING WILL EXPIRE AT 7 PM EST /6 PM CST/ THIS
EVENING...

* WHAT...Very cold wind chills expected. Wind chills as low as 
  15 below zero.

* WHERE...In Indiana, Northern La Porte, Eastern St. Joseph IN 
  and Western St. Joseph IN Counties. In Michigan, St. Joseph MI 
  County.

* WHEN...Until 10 AM EST /9 AM CST/ Sunday.

* IMPACTS...The cold wind chills could result in hypothermia if 
  precautions are not taken.


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use caution while traveling outside. Wear appropriate clothing, a
hat, and gloves. 

&&

$$

INZ005>009-012>015-017-018-020-022>027-032>034-116-203-216-MIZ080-
081-OHZ001-002-004-005-015-016-024-025-250800-
/O.CON.KIWX.WC.Y.0002.000000T0000Z-221225T1500Z/
Elkhart-Lagrange-Steuben-Noble-De Kalb-Starke-Pulaski-Marshall-
Fulton IN-Whitley-Allen IN-White-Cass IN-Miami-Wabash-Huntington-
Wells-Adams-Grant-Blackford-Jay-Northern Kosciusko-
Southern La Porte-Southern Kosciusko-Branch-Hillsdale-Williams-
Fulton OH-Defiance-Henry-Paulding-Putnam-Van Wert-Allen OH-
Including the cities of Elkhart, Goshen, Nappanee, Lagrange, 
Topeka, Shipshewana, Angola, Fremont, Kendallville, Ligonier, 
Albion, Auburn, Garrett, Knox, North Judson, Bass Lake, Winamac, 
Francesville, Medaryville, Plymouth, Bremen, Culver, Rochester, 
Akron, Columbia City, Tri-Lakes, South Whitley, Fort Wayne, 
New Haven, Monticello, Monon, Brookston, Logansport, 
Royal Center, Peru, Grissom AFB, Mexico, Wabash, 
North Manchester, Huntington, Roanoke, Bluffton, Ossian, Decatur,
Berne, Marion, Gas City, Upland, Hartford City, Montpelier, 
Portland, Dunkirk, Syracuse, Milford, North Webster, Leesburg, 
Wanatah, La Crosse, Union Mills, Warsaw, Winona Lake, 
Silver Lake, Mentone, Coldwater, Bronson, Hillsdale, Jonesville, 
Litchfield, Bryan, Edgerton, Wauseon, Archbold, Swanton, Delta, 
Defiance, Sherwood, Hicksville, Napoleon, Deshler, 
Liberty Center, Paulding, Antwerp, Payne, Ottawa, Leipsic, 
Columbus Grove, Continental, Pandora, Van Wert, Ohio City, Lima, 
and Spencerville
653 PM EST Sat Dec 24 2022 /553 PM CST Sat Dec 24 2022/

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 AM EST /9 AM
CST/ SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Very cold wind chills. Wind chills as low as 20 below 
  zero.

* WHERE...In Indiana, Elkhart and Lagrange Counties. In 
  Michigan, Branch County.

* WHEN...Until 10 AM EST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...The cold wind chills could result in hypothermia if 
  precautions are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use caution while traveling outside. Wear appropriate clothing, a
hat, and gloves. 

&&

$$
042 
WWUS43 KIWX 250814
WSWIWX

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Northern Indiana
314 AM EST Sun Dec 25 2022

MIZ078-177-277-251500-
/O.CON.KIWX.WW.Y.0017.000000T0000Z-221225T1500Z/
Cass MI-Northern Berrien-Southern Berrien-
Including the cities of Dowagiac, Cassopolis, Edwardsburg, 
Marcellus, Benton Harbor, St. Joseph, Paw Paw Lake, Niles, 
New Buffalo, Stevensville, and Berrien Springs
314 AM EST Sun Dec 25 2022

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 AM EST THIS
MORNING...

* WHAT...Snow expected. Total snow accumulations of one to two
  inches paired with blowing and drifting snow, and very cold 
  wind chills. Westerly wind gusting as high as 30 mph.

* WHERE...Cass MI, Northern Berrien and Southern Berrien 
  Counties.

* WHEN...Until 10 AM EST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Plan on slippery road conditions. Areas of blowing
  snow could significantly reduce visibility. The cold wind chills could
  result in hypothermia if precautions are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Slow down and use caution while traveling. Be alert for variable
conditions. Limit time outdoors during these hazardous wind
chills.

&&

$$

INZ103-104-204-MIZ079-251500-
/O.CON.KIWX.WC.Y.0002.000000T0000Z-221225T1500Z/
Northern La Porte-Eastern St. Joseph IN-Western St. Joseph IN-
St. Joseph MI-
Including the cities of Michigan City, La Porte, Kingsbury, 
Fish Lake, South Bend, Mishawaka, Lakeville, Granger, 
North Liberty, New Carlisle, Walkerton, Sturgis, Three Rivers, 
White Pigeon, and Mendon
314 AM EST Sun Dec 25 2022 /214 AM CST Sun Dec 25 2022/

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 AM EST /9 AM
CST/ THIS MORNING...

* WHAT...Very cold wind chills expected. Wind chills as low as 
  15 below zero.

* WHERE...In Indiana, Northern La Porte, Eastern St. Joseph IN 
  and Western St. Joseph IN Counties. In Michigan, St. Joseph MI 
  County.

* WHEN...Until 10 AM EST /9 AM CST/ Sunday.

* IMPACTS...The cold wind chills could result in hypothermia if 
  precautions are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use caution while traveling outside. Wear appropriate clothing, a
hat, and gloves.

&&

$$

INZ005>009-012>015-017-018-020-022>027-032>034-116-203-216-MIZ080-
081-OHZ001-002-004-005-015-016-024-025-251500-
/O.CON.KIWX.WC.Y.0002.000000T0000Z-221225T1500Z/
Elkhart-Lagrange-Steuben-Noble-De Kalb-Starke-Pulaski-Marshall-
Fulton IN-Whitley-Allen IN-White-Cass IN-Miami-Wabash-Huntington-
Wells-Adams-Grant-Blackford-Jay-Northern Kosciusko-
Southern La Porte-Southern Kosciusko-Branch-Hillsdale-Williams-
Fulton OH-Defiance-Henry-Paulding-Putnam-Van Wert-Allen OH-
Including the cities of Elkhart, Goshen, Nappanee, Lagrange, 
Topeka, Shipshewana, Angola, Fremont, Kendallville, Ligonier, 
Albion, Auburn, Garrett, Knox, North Judson, Bass Lake, Winamac, 
Francesville, Medaryville, Plymouth, Bremen, Culver, Rochester, 
Akron, Columbia City, Tri-Lakes, South Whitley, Fort Wayne, 
New Haven, Monticello, Monon, Brookston, Logansport, 
Royal Center, Peru, Grissom AFB, Mexico, Wabash, 
North Manchester, Huntington, Roanoke, Bluffton, Ossian, Decatur,
Berne, Marion, Gas City, Upland, Hartford City, Montpelier, 
Portland, Dunkirk, Syracuse, Milford, North Webster, Leesburg, 
Wanatah, La Crosse, Union Mills, Warsaw, Winona Lake, 
Silver Lake, Mentone, Coldwater, Bronson, Hillsdale, Jonesville, 
Litchfield, Bryan, Edgerton, Wauseon, Archbold, Swanton, Delta, 
Defiance, Sherwood, Hicksville, Napoleon, Deshler, 
Liberty Center, Paulding, Antwerp, Payne, Ottawa, Leipsic, 
Columbus Grove, Continental, Pandora, Van Wert, Ohio City, Lima, 
and Spencerville
314 AM EST Sun Dec 25 2022 /214 AM CST Sun Dec 25 2022/

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 AM EST /9 AM
CST/ THIS MORNING...

* WHAT...Very cold wind chills. Wind chills as low as between 15 
  and 20 below zero.

* WHERE...In Indiana, Elkhart and Lagrange Counties. In 
  Michigan, Branch County.

* WHEN...Until 10 AM EST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...The cold wind chills could result in hypothermia if 
  precautions are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use caution while traveling outside. Wear appropriate clothing, a
hat and gloves.

&&

$$
062 
WWUS43 KIWX 250944
WSWIWX

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Northern Indiana
444 AM EST Sun Dec 25 2022

MIZ078-177-277-251500-
/O.CON.KIWX.WW.Y.0017.000000T0000Z-221225T1500Z/
Cass MI-Northern Berrien-Southern Berrien-
Including the cities of Dowagiac, Cassopolis, Edwardsburg, 
Marcellus, Benton Harbor, St. Joseph, Paw Paw Lake, Niles, 
New Buffalo, Stevensville, and Berrien Springs
444 AM EST Sun Dec 25 2022

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 AM EST THIS
MORNING...

* WHAT...Snow expected. Total snow accumulations of one to two 
  inches paired with blowing and drifting snow, and very cold 
  wind chills. Westerly wind gusting as high as 30 mph.

* WHERE...Cass MI, Northern Berrien and Southern Berrien 
  Counties.

* WHEN...Until 10 AM EST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...Plan on slippery road conditions. Areas of blowing 
  snow could significantly reduce visibility. The cold wind 
  chills could result in hypothermia if precautions are not 
  taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Slow down and use caution while traveling. Be alert for variable
conditions. Limit time outdoors during these hazardous wind
chills.

&&

$$

INZ103-104-204-MIZ079-251500-
/O.CON.KIWX.WC.Y.0002.000000T0000Z-221225T1500Z/
Northern La Porte-Eastern St. Joseph IN-Western St. Joseph IN-
St. Joseph MI-
Including the cities of Michigan City, La Porte, Kingsbury, 
Fish Lake, South Bend, Mishawaka, Lakeville, Granger, 
North Liberty, New Carlisle, Walkerton, Sturgis, Three Rivers, 
White Pigeon, and Mendon
444 AM EST Sun Dec 25 2022 /344 AM CST Sun Dec 25 2022/

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 AM EST /9 AM
CST/ THIS MORNING...

* WHAT...Very cold wind chills expected. Wind chills as low as 
  15 below zero.

* WHERE...In Indiana, Northern La Porte, Eastern St. Joseph IN 
  and Western St. Joseph IN Counties. In Michigan, St. Joseph MI 
  County.

* WHEN...Until 10 AM EST /9 AM CST/ Sunday.

* IMPACTS...The cold wind chills could result in hypothermia if 
  precautions are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use caution while traveling outside. Wear appropriate clothing, a
hat, and gloves.

&&

$$

INZ005>009-012>015-017-018-020-022>027-032>034-116-203-216-MIZ080-
081-OHZ001-002-004-005-015-016-024-025-251500-
/O.CON.KIWX.WC.Y.0002.000000T0000Z-221225T1500Z/
Elkhart-Lagrange-Steuben-Noble-De Kalb-Starke-Pulaski-Marshall-
Fulton IN-Whitley-Allen IN-White-Cass IN-Miami-Wabash-Huntington-
Wells-Adams-Grant-Blackford-Jay-Northern Kosciusko-
Southern La Porte-Southern Kosciusko-Branch-Hillsdale-Williams-
Fulton OH-Defiance-Henry-Paulding-Putnam-Van Wert-Allen OH-
Including the cities of Elkhart, Goshen, Nappanee, Lagrange, 
Topeka, Shipshewana, Angola, Fremont, Kendallville, Ligonier, 
Albion, Auburn, Garrett, Knox, North Judson, Bass Lake, Winamac, 
Francesville, Medaryville, Plymouth, Bremen, Culver, Rochester, 
Akron, Columbia City, Tri-Lakes, South Whitley, Fort Wayne, 
New Haven, Monticello, Monon, Brookston, Logansport, 
Royal Center, Peru, Grissom AFB, Mexico, Wabash, 
North Manchester, Huntington, Roanoke, Bluffton, Ossian, Decatur,
Berne, Marion, Gas City, Upland, Hartford City, Montpelier, 
Portland, Dunkirk, Syracuse, Milford, North Webster, Leesburg, 
Wanatah, La Crosse, Union Mills, Warsaw, Winona Lake, 
Silver Lake, Mentone, Coldwater, Bronson, Hillsdale, Jonesville, 
Litchfield, Bryan, Edgerton, Wauseon, Archbold, Swanton, Delta, 
Defiance, Sherwood, Hicksville, Napoleon, Deshler, 
Liberty Center, Paulding, Antwerp, Payne, Ottawa, Leipsic, 
Columbus Grove, Continental, Pandora, Van Wert, Ohio City, Lima, 
and Spencerville
444 AM EST Sun Dec 25 2022 /344 AM CST Sun Dec 25 2022/

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 AM EST /9 AM
CST/ THIS MORNING...

* WHAT...Very cold wind chills. Wind chills as low as between 15 
  and 20 below zero.

* WHERE...In Indiana, Elkhart and Lagrange Counties. In 
  Michigan, Branch County.

* WHEN...Until 10 AM EST Sunday.

* IMPACTS...The cold wind chills could result in hypothermia if 
  precautions are not taken.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Use caution while traveling outside. Wear appropriate clothing, a
hat and gloves.

&&

$$
772 
WWUS43 KIWX 251453
WSWIWX

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Northern Indiana
953 AM EST Sun Dec 25 2022

MIZ078-177-277-251600-
/O.EXP.KIWX.WW.Y.0017.000000T0000Z-221225T1500Z/
Cass MI-Northern Berrien-Southern Berrien-
Including the cities of Dowagiac, Cassopolis, Edwardsburg, 
Marcellus, Benton Harbor, St. Joseph, Paw Paw Lake, Niles, 
New Buffalo, Stevensville, and Berrien Springs
953 AM EST Sun Dec 25 2022

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY WILL EXPIRE AT 10 AM EST THIS
MORNING...

Occasional snow showers will continue through early this evening.  
Roads will remain icy or snow covered. An inch or less of
additional snow accumulation is expected. 

$$

INZ103-104-204-MIZ079-251600-
/O.EXP.KIWX.WC.Y.0002.000000T0000Z-221225T1500Z/
Northern La Porte-Eastern St. Joseph IN-Western St. Joseph IN-
St. Joseph MI-
Including the cities of Michigan City, La Porte, Kingsbury, 
Fish Lake, South Bend, Mishawaka, Lakeville, Granger, 
North Liberty, New Carlisle, Walkerton, Sturgis, Three Rivers, 
White Pigeon, and Mendon
953 AM EST Sun Dec 25 2022 /853 AM CST Sun Dec 25 2022/

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY WILL EXPIRE AT 10 AM EST /9 AM CST/ THIS
MORNING...

Wind chills have risen above wind chill advisory criteria in most
locations, and will continue to slowly rise through the day. 

$$

INZ005>009-012>015-017-018-020-022>027-032>034-116-203-216-MIZ080-
081-OHZ001-002-004-005-015-016-024-025-251600-
/O.EXP.KIWX.WC.Y.0002.000000T0000Z-221225T1500Z/
Elkhart-Lagrange-Steuben-Noble-De Kalb-Starke-Pulaski-Marshall-
Fulton IN-Whitley-Allen IN-White-Cass IN-Miami-Wabash-Huntington-
Wells-Adams-Grant-Blackford-Jay-Northern Kosciusko-
Southern La Porte-Southern Kosciusko-Branch-Hillsdale-Williams-
Fulton OH-Defiance-Henry-Paulding-Putnam-Van Wert-Allen OH-
Including the cities of Elkhart, Goshen, Nappanee, Lagrange, 
Topeka, Shipshewana, Angola, Fremont, Kendallville, Ligonier, 
Albion, Auburn, Garrett, Knox, North Judson, Bass Lake, Winamac, 
Francesville, Medaryville, Plymouth, Bremen, Culver, Rochester, 
Akron, Columbia City, Tri-Lakes, South Whitley, Fort Wayne, 
New Haven, Monticello, Monon, Brookston, Logansport, 
Royal Center, Peru, Grissom AFB, Mexico, Wabash, 
North Manchester, Huntington, Roanoke, Bluffton, Ossian, Decatur,
Berne, Marion, Gas City, Upland, Hartford City, Montpelier, 
Portland, Dunkirk, Syracuse, Milford, North Webster, Leesburg, 
Wanatah, La Crosse, Union Mills, Warsaw, Winona Lake, 
Silver Lake, Mentone, Coldwater, Bronson, Hillsdale, Jonesville, 
Litchfield, Bryan, Edgerton, Wauseon, Archbold, Swanton, Delta, 
Defiance, Sherwood, Hicksville, Napoleon, Deshler, 
Liberty Center, Paulding, Antwerp, Payne, Ottawa, Leipsic, 
Columbus Grove, Continental, Pandora, Van Wert, Ohio City, Lima, 
and Spencerville
953 AM EST Sun Dec 25 2022 /853 AM CST Sun Dec 25 2022/

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY WILL EXPIRE AT 10 AM EST /9 AM CST/ THIS
MORNING...

Wind chills have risen above wind chill advisory criteria in most
locations, and will continue to slowly rise through the day. 

$$

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this wind chill advisory went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Northern Indiana wrote its last area forecast discussion before this wind chill advisory went out at Dec 24, 6:26 AM EST, 3 hours 19 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Dec 24, 6:26 AM EST, 3 hours 19 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Northern Indiana
626 AM EST Sat Dec 24 2022

.SYNOPSIS...
Issued at 138 AM EST Sat Dec 24 2022

Dangerous wind chills, areas of blowing and drifting snow and snow
showers will persist into Saturday. Roads continue to be
dangerous to treacherous in spots, use caution if travelling.
Better yet, stay home today while enjoying a cup of hot
chocolate.

&&

.SHORT TERM...(Today and Tonight)
Issued at 243 AM EST Sat Dec 24 2022

Upper trough continues to reside over the area today. One piece of
vorticity rotates through Lower Michigan early this morning and that
starts a slow trend towards lower moisture content from Saturday
morning to Sunday afternoon. During this time though, the lake
effect snow plume continues as trajectories come out of the west
with good surface convergence. Some warming does appear to take the
lake plume into more residence time within the DGZ and this will
also be a positive for the intensity of the lake effect snow.
Meanwhile, low level theta-e instability does begin to wane so
expect the QPF output to be lower when compared today and last
night. At the same time, the lake plume does look to extend farther
east into the Southern Lower Michigan and extreme Northern Indiana
this morning as the area of low level convergence is augmented by
the vort max passing through.

The cold and wind will continue to be hazards today, even if the
winds won't be as strong as later Friday/ Friday night with the
pressure gradient slackening up. The minimum of low level cold air
shifts to the east this morning, but that won't stop us from waking
up to low to mid 20s below zero wind chills, which is securely
into advisory criteria and nearing wind chill warning criteria for
the morning. We do rise above zero today (and there was much
rejoicing), even if it's into single digits to teens. Still think
we'll have a good chance at seeing 30 to 40 mph wind gusts today,
which will give us the opportunity for continued drifting and
blowing snow, especially on north-south roads as well as times of
reduced visibility with the powdery nature of the snow.

As a result of these continued hazards as well as lingering
hazardous roadways from the departing system, have decided to extend
our winter storm warning to 18z, the same time as the expiration of
the blizzard warning.

Continued westerly flow on Sunday will allow lake enhanced cloud
cover and lake effect snow to linger on, but winds will be slackened
back to only 15 to 25 mph. We do look to wait until Sunday night to
see a more substantial low level southerly wind component to help
shut off lake effect snow.

&&

.LONG TERM...(Saturday through Thursday)
Issued at 243 AM EST Sat Dec 24 2022

The next system arrives early Monday in the form of a clipper
system. We do stay below freezing still, so expect the precipitation
type to still be snow. Storm track looks to keep the heaviest snow
south of the IN/MI border at this point, which looks to range
between 1 and 3 inches. These systems can bring stronger winds with
them, but it looks like the strongest winds stay south of the
forecast area so will continue to keep gusts lower than 20 mph. One
thing to watch out for with this system is that if there is any
lingering icy roadways by this time, the small amount of snow that
falls may make driving slick.

Tuesday and Wednesday are dry as the high pressure system following
the clipper system affects as during that time. With the high to the
east of the area on Wednesday, warm air advection takes over and
that allows us our first opportunity to surpass freezing
temperatures and for substantial melting of left over snow.

Late week is when our next system arrives. Temperatures do look to
be above freezing so that should come in the form of rain.

&&

.AVIATION...(For the 12Z TAFS through 12Z Sunday Morning)
Issued at 623 AM EST Sat Dec 24 2022

The overall synoptic weather pattern changes very, very little
during this TAF period. Wind will decrease slightly over the next
12 hours or so, but the more obvious improvement arrives
thereafter. Persistence based forecast seems to be the best
strategy here. With the slight decrease in winds VSBYS in BLSN
should increase slightly. Have included TEMPO groups of 3/4SM for
SBN and 2SM for KFWA through about 16z today to address the
pockets of reduced light snow and BLSN. Looking for slow VSBY
improvement with the winds on the downward trend but the BLSN
will be the wild card.

&&

.IWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
IN...Blizzard Warning until 1 PM EST /noon CST/ this afternoon for
     INZ005-103-104-203-204.

     Winter Storm Warning until 1 PM EST /noon CST/ this afternoon
     for INZ006>009-012>015-017-018-020-022>027-032>034-116-216.

MI...Blizzard Warning until 1 PM EST this afternoon for MIZ078-079-
     177-277.

     Winter Storm Warning until 1 PM EST this afternoon for MIZ080-
     081.

OH...Winter Storm Warning until 1 PM EST this afternoon for OHZ001-
     002-004-005-015-016-024-025.

LM...Gale Warning until 10 PM EST this evening for LMZ043-046.

     Heavy Freezing Spray Warning until 10 PM EST this evening for
     LMZ043-046.

&&

SYNOPSIS...Andersen
SHORT TERM...Roller
LONG TERM...Roller
AVIATION...Andersen

Visit us at www.weather.gov/iwx

Follow us on Facebook...Twitter...and YouTube at:
www.facebook.com/NWSNorthernIndiana
www.twitter.com/nwsiwx
www.youtube.com/NWSNorthernIndiana
Hazardous weather outlook, Dec 24, 4:36 AM EST, 5 hours 9 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Northern Indiana
436 AM EST Sat Dec 24 2022

INZ005-103-104-203-204-MIZ078-079-177-277-250945-
Elkhart-Northern La Porte-Eastern St. Joseph IN-Southern La Porte-
Western St. Joseph IN-Cass MI-St. Joseph MI-Northern Berrien-
Southern Berrien-
436 AM EST Sat Dec 24 2022 /336 AM CST Sat Dec 24 2022/

...BLIZZARD WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 1 PM EST /NOON CST/ THIS
AFTERNOON...

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for northern Indiana and
southwest Michigan.

.DAY ONE...Today and tonight.

Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to weather.gov on the
Internet for more information about the following hazards.

   Blizzard Warning.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday.

Lake effect snow continues into Sunday. Continue to use caution while
driving within areas of snow.

Wind chills remain below zero through much of Sunday night. If you
are going to be outside, be sure to bundle up and cover outer
extremities with hats, gloves, and winter footwear.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Weather spotters are encouraged to report snow accumulations to the
National Weather Service.

INZ006>009-012>015-017-018-020-022>027-032>034-116-216-MIZ080-081-
OHZ001-002-004-005-015-016-024-025-250945-
Lagrange-Steuben-Noble-De Kalb-Starke-Pulaski-Marshall-Fulton IN-
Whitley-Allen IN-White-Cass IN-Miami-Wabash-Huntington-Wells-Adams-
Grant-Blackford-Jay-Northern Kosciusko-Southern Kosciusko-Branch-
Hillsdale-Williams-Fulton OH-Defiance-Henry-Paulding-Putnam-Van Wert-
Allen OH-
436 AM EST Sat Dec 24 2022 /336 AM CST Sat Dec 24 2022/

...WINTER STORM WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 1 PM EST /NOON CST/ THIS
AFTERNOON...

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for northern Indiana, southwest
Michigan and northwest Ohio.

.DAY ONE...Today and tonight.

Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to weather.gov on the
Internet for more information about the following hazards.

   Winter Storm Warning.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday.

Wind chills remain below zero through much of Sunday night. If you
are going to be outside, be sure to bundle up and cover outer
extremities with hats, gloves, and winter footwear.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotter activation is not expected at this time.

LMZ043-046-250945-
New Buffalo MI to St Joseph MI-Michigan City IN to New Buffalo MI-
436 AM EST Sat Dec 24 2022

...GALE WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 PM EST THIS EVENING...
...HEAVY FREEZING SPRAY WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 PM EST THIS
EVENING...

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for the nearshore waters of
southeastern Lake Michigan.

.DAY ONE...Today and tonight.

Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to weather.gov on the
Internet for more information about the following hazards.

   Gale Warning.
   Heavy Freezing Spray Warning.

Heavy Freezing Spray Warning.
	 Gale Warning.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday.

Gale Warning.

In the hours before

Local storm report, Dec 24, 8:07 AM EST, 1 hour 38 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
807 AM EST SAT DEC 24 2022

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0802 AM     HEAVY SNOW       1 S SAINT JOSEPH        42.08N 86.49W
12/24/2022  M12.6 INCH       BERRIEN            MI   TRAINED SPOTTER

            STORM TOTAL.

&&

LWF
Local storm report, Dec 24, 9:31 AM EST, 14 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
931 AM EST SAT DEC 24 2022

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0900 AM     HEAVY SNOW       2 NNE GEORGETOWN        41.26N 84.85W
12/24/2022  E6.3 INCH        ALLEN              IN   PUBLIC

            STORM TOTAL. ADDITIONAL 0.8 SINCE 7 PM.

&&

LWF

The office that day

Everything else NWS Northern Indiana issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Dec 23, 10:40 PM ESTGale WarningIWX23 hr
Dec 24, 6:53 PM ESTWinter Weather AdvisoryIWXBerrien, Cass15 hr

Nearby

Wind Chill Advisories in Indiana, 2022Wind Chill Advisories in Ohio, 2022Wind Chill Advisories in Michigan, 2022Every wind chill advisory in 2022

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.