Alert archive / Kansas / Freeze Warnings in 2022

Freeze Warning 2, NWS Dodge City, KS

October 16, 202210 counties in Kansas

NWS Dodge City, KS issued this freeze warning at Oct 16, 2022, 2:45 AM CDT for 10 counties in Kansas. It took effect at Oct 17, 2022, 1:00 AM CDT. It was in force for 9 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Oct 16, 2022, 2:45 AM CDT (07:45 UTC)
In effect from
Oct 17, 2022, 1:00 AM CDT
Expired
Oct 17, 2022, 10:00 AM CDT
In force
9 hr
Issued by
NWS Dodge City, KS

Counties Ellis County, KS, Finney County, KS, Hamilton County, KS, Hodgeman County, KS, Kearny County, KS, Lane County, KS, Ness County, KS, Rush County, KS, Scott County, KS, Trego County, KS

The radar

The Dodge City radar (KDDC), 78 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 07:45 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The nearest sounding before it

Dodge City, (KDDC), launched 00:00Z, 7.8 hours before the alert went out and 80 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Dodge City, at 00:00Z on 2022-10-16Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Dodge City, at 00:00Z on 2022-10-16The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 9 square meters per square second.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
2878 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
45 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
9 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
276 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

229 
WWUS73 KDDC 160745
NPWDDC

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
245 AM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

KSZ030-031-161545-
/O.UPG.KDDC.FZ.A.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
/O.NEW.KDDC.FZ.W.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
/O.NEW.KDDC.FZ.A.0003.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
Trego-Ellis-
Including the cities of Wakeeney, Pfeifer, and Hays
245 AM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT MONDAY...
...FREEZE WATCH IN EFFECT FROM LATE MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY
MORNING...

* WHAT...For the Freeze Warning, sub-freezing temperatures as low
  as 29 expected. For the Freeze Watch, sub-freezing temperatures
  as low as 31 possible.

* WHERE...Trego and Ellis Counties.

* WHEN...For the Freeze Warning, from 1 AM to 10 AM CDT Monday. 
  For the Freeze Watch, from late Monday night through Tuesday 
  morning.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ043-044-161545-
/O.UPG.KDDC.FZ.A.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
/O.NEW.KDDC.FZ.W.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
Scott-Lane-
Including the cities of Scott City, Scott State Lake, and Dighton
245 AM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT MONDAY...

* WHAT...Sub-freezing temperatures as low as 29 expected.

* WHERE...Scott and Lane Counties.

* WHEN...From 1 AM to 10 AM CDT Monday.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ045-161545-
/O.NEW.KDDC.FZ.A.0003.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.A.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
Ness-
Including the city of Ness City
245 AM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH
MONDAY MORNING...
...FREEZE WATCH IN EFFECT FROM LATE MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY
MORNING...

* WHAT...For the first Freeze Watch, sub-freezing temperatures as
  low as 32 possible. For the second Freeze Watch, sub- freezing 
  temperatures as low as 31 possible.

* WHERE...Ness County.

* WHEN...For the first Freeze Watch, from late tonight through 
  Monday morning. For the second Freeze Watch, from late Monday 
  night through Tuesday morning.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions could kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ046-161545-
/O.NEW.KDDC.FZ.A.0003.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
/O.EXA.KDDC.FZ.A.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
Rush-
Including the city of La Crosse
245 AM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WATCH IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH MONDAY
MORNING...
...FREEZE WATCH IN EFFECT FROM LATE MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY
MORNING...

* WHAT...For the first Freeze Watch, sub-freezing temperatures as
  low as 31 possible. For the second Freeze Watch, sub- freezing 
  temperatures as low as 31 possible.

* WHERE...Rush County.

* WHEN...For the first Freeze Watch, from late tonight through 
  Monday morning. For the second Freeze Watch, from late Monday 
  night through Tuesday morning.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions could kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ065-066-161545-
/O.NEW.KDDC.FZ.A.0003.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
Pawnee-Stafford-
Including the cities of Larned, St. John, Stafford, 
and Macksville
245 AM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WATCH IN EFFECT FROM LATE MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY
MORNING...

* WHAT...Sub-freezing temperatures as low as 31 possible.

* WHERE...Pawnee and Stafford Counties.

* WHEN...From late Monday night through Tuesday morning.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions could kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ061>064-161545-
/O.EXA.KDDC.FZ.A.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
Hamilton-Kearny-Finney-Hodgeman-
Including the cities of Syracuse, Lakin, Deerfield, Garden City, 
Jetmore, and Hanston
245 AM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022 /145 AM MDT Sun Oct 16 2022/

...FREEZE WATCH IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH MONDAY
MORNING...

* WHAT...Sub-freezing temperatures as low as 31 possible.

* WHERE...Hamilton, Kearny, Finney and Hodgeman Counties.

* WHEN...From late tonight through Monday morning.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions could kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$
5 follow-up statements
486 
WWUS73 KDDC 161021
NPWDDC

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
521 AM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

KSZ030-031-162200-
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.W.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.A.0003.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
Trego-Ellis-
Including the cities of Wakeeney, Pfeifer, and Hays
521 AM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT
MONDAY...
...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH
TUESDAY MORNING...

* WHAT...For the Freeze Warning, sub-freezing temperatures as 
  low as 29 expected. For the Freeze Watch, sub-freezing 
  temperatures as low as 31 possible.

* WHERE...Trego and Ellis Counties.

* WHEN...For the Freeze Warning, from 1 AM to 10 AM CDT Monday. 
  For the Freeze Watch, from late Monday night through Tuesday 
  morning.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Freeze Warning means sub-freezing temperatures are imminent or
highly likely. These conditions will kill crops and other
sensitive vegetation.

A Freeze Watch means sub-freezing temperatures are possible.
These conditions could kill crops and other sensitive vegetation.

&&

$$

KSZ043-044-162200-
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.W.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
Scott-Lane-
Including the cities of Scott City, Scott State Lake, and Dighton
521 AM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT
MONDAY...

* WHAT...Sub-freezing temperatures as low as 29 expected.

* WHERE...Scott and Lane Counties.

* WHEN...From 1 AM to 10 AM CDT Monday.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Freeze Warning means sub-freezing temperatures are imminent or
highly likely. These conditions will kill crops and other
sensitive vegetation.

&&

$$

KSZ045-046-162200-
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.A.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.A.0003.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
Ness-Rush-
Including the cities of Ness City and La Crosse
521 AM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH
MONDAY MORNING...
...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH
TUESDAY MORNING...

* WHAT...For the first Freeze Watch, sub-freezing temperatures 
  as low as 32 possible. For the second Freeze Watch, sub- 
  freezing temperatures as low as 31 possible.

* WHERE...Ness County.

* WHEN...For the first Freeze Watch, from late tonight through 
  Monday morning. For the second Freeze Watch, from late Monday 
  night through Tuesday morning.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions could kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Freeze Watch means sub-freezing temperatures are possible.
These conditions could kill crops and other sensitive vegetation.

&&

$$

KSZ061>064-162200-
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.A.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
Hamilton-Kearny-Finney-Hodgeman-
Including the cities of Syracuse, Lakin, Deerfield, Garden City, 
Jetmore, and Hanston
521 AM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022 /421 AM MDT Sun Oct 16 2022/

...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH
MONDAY MORNING...

* WHAT...Sub-freezing temperatures as low as 31 possible.

* WHERE...Hamilton, Kearny, Finney and Hodgeman Counties.

* WHEN...From late tonight through Monday morning.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions could kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Freeze Watch means sub-freezing temperatures are possible.
These conditions could kill crops and other sensitive vegetation.

&&

$$

KSZ065-066-162200-
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.A.0003.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
Pawnee-Stafford-
Including the cities of Larned, St. John, Stafford, 
and Macksville
521 AM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH
TUESDAY MORNING...

* WHAT...Sub-freezing temperatures as low as 31 possible.

* WHERE...Pawnee and Stafford Counties.

* WHEN...From late Monday night through Tuesday morning.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions could kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$
316 
WWUS73 KDDC 161950
NPWDDC

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
250 PM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

KSZ045-046-170900-
/O.UPG.KDDC.FZ.A.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
/O.UPG.KDDC.FZ.A.0003.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
/O.NEW.KDDC.FZ.W.0003.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
/O.EXA.KDDC.FZ.W.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
Ness-Rush-
Including the cities of Ness City and La Crosse
250 PM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT MONDAY...
...FREEZE WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT TUESDAY...

* WHAT...For the first Freeze Warning, sub-freezing temperatures 
  as low as 30 expected. For the second Freeze Warning, sub- 
  freezing temperatures as low as 29 expected.

* WHERE...Ness and Rush Counties.

* WHEN...For the first Freeze Warning, from 1 AM to 10 AM CDT 
  Monday. For the second Freeze Warning, from 1 AM to 10 AM CDT 
  Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ030-031-170900-
/O.UPG.KDDC.FZ.A.0003.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
/O.NEW.KDDC.FZ.W.0003.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.W.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
Trego-Ellis-
Including the cities of Wakeeney, Pfeifer, and Hays
250 PM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT
MONDAY...
...FREEZE WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT TUESDAY...

* WHAT...For the first Freeze Warning, sub-freezing temperatures 
  as low as 30 expected. For the second Freeze Warning, sub- 
  freezing temperatures as low as 27 expected.

* WHERE...Trego and Ellis Counties.

* WHEN...For the first Freeze Warning, from 1 AM to 10 AM CDT 
  Monday. For the second Freeze Warning, from 1 AM to 10 AM CDT 
  Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ065-066-170900-
/O.UPG.KDDC.FZ.A.0003.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
/O.NEW.KDDC.FZ.W.0003.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
Pawnee-Stafford-
Including the cities of Larned, St. John, Stafford, 
and Macksville
250 PM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT TUESDAY...

* WHAT...Sub-freezing temperatures as low as 29 expected.

* WHERE...Pawnee and Stafford Counties.

* WHEN...From 1 AM to 10 AM CDT Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ061>064-170900-
/O.UPG.KDDC.FZ.A.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
/O.EXA.KDDC.FZ.W.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
Hamilton-Kearny-Finney-Hodgeman-
Including the cities of Syracuse, Lakin, Deerfield, Garden City, 
Jetmore, and Hanston
250 PM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022 /150 PM MDT Sun Oct 16 2022/

...FREEZE WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT MONDAY...

* WHAT...Sub-freezing temperatures as low as 30 expected.

* WHERE...Hamilton, Kearny, Finney and Hodgeman Counties.

* WHEN...From 1 AM to 10 AM CDT Monday.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ043-044-170900-
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.W.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
Scott-Lane-
Including the cities of Scott City, Scott State Lake, and Dighton
250 PM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT
MONDAY...

* WHAT...Sub-freezing temperatures as low as 29 expected.

* WHERE...Scott and Lane Counties.

* WHEN...From 1 AM to 10 AM CDT Monday.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$
019 
WWUS73 KDDC 162021
NPWDDC

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
321 PM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

KSZ030-031-045-046-170500-
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.W.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.W.0003.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
Trego-Ellis-Ness-Rush-
Including the cities of Wakeeney, Pfeifer, Hays, Ness City, 
and La Crosse
321 PM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT
MONDAY...
...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT
TUESDAY...

* WHAT...For the first Freeze Warning, sub-freezing temperatures 
  as low as 30 expected. For the second Freeze Warning, sub- 
  freezing temperatures as low as 28 expected.

* WHERE...Trego, Ellis, Ness and Rush Counties.

* WHEN...For the first Freeze Warning, from 1 AM to 10 AM CDT 
  Monday. For the second Freeze Warning, from 1 AM to 10 AM CDT 
  Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ064-170500-
/O.NEW.KDDC.FZ.A.0004.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.W.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
Hodgeman-
Including the cities of Jetmore and Hanston
321 PM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT
MONDAY...
...FREEZE WATCH IN EFFECT FROM LATE MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY
MORNING...

* WHAT...For the Freeze Warning, sub-freezing temperatures as 
  low as 30 expected. For the Freeze Watch, sub-freezing 
  temperatures as low as 29 possible.

* WHERE...Hodgeman County.

* WHEN...For the Freeze Warning, from 1 AM to 10 AM CDT Monday. 
  For the Freeze Watch, from late Monday night through Tuesday 
  morning.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ043-044-061>063-170500-
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.W.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
Scott-Lane-Hamilton-Kearny-Finney-
Including the cities of Scott City, Scott State Lake, Dighton, 
Syracuse, Lakin, Deerfield, and Garden City
321 PM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022 /221 PM MDT Sun Oct 16 2022/

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT
MONDAY...

* WHAT...Sub-freezing temperatures as low as 30 expected.

* WHERE...Scott, Lane, Hamilton, Kearny and Finney Counties.

* WHEN...From 1 AM to 10 AM CDT Monday.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ065-066-170500-
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.W.0003.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
Pawnee-Stafford-
Including the cities of Larned, St. John, Stafford, 
and Macksville
321 PM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT
TUESDAY...

* WHAT...Sub-freezing temperatures as low as 29 expected.

* WHERE...Pawnee and Stafford Counties.

* WHEN...From 1 AM to 10 AM CDT Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ078>081-088>090-170500-
/O.NEW.KDDC.FZ.A.0004.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
Ford-Edwards-Kiowa-Pratt-Clark-Comanche-Barber-
Including the cities of Dodge City, Kinsley, Lewis, Greensburg, 
Haviland, Pratt, Ashland, Minneola, Coldwater, Lake Coldwater, 
Protection, Medicine Lodge, and Kiowa
321 PM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WATCH IN EFFECT FROM LATE MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY
MORNING...

* WHAT...Sub-freezing temperatures as low as 30 possible.

* WHERE...Ford, Edwards, Kiowa, Pratt, Clark, Comanche and 
  Barber Counties.

* WHEN...From late Monday night through Tuesday morning.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions could kill crops, other
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$
450 
WWUS73 KDDC 170132
NPWDDC

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
832 PM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

KSZ030-031-045-046-171500-
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.W.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.W.0003.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
Trego-Ellis-Ness-Rush-
Including the cities of Wakeeney, Pfeifer, Hays, Ness City, 
and La Crosse
832 PM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT
MONDAY...
...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT
TUESDAY...

* WHAT...For the first Freeze Warning, sub-freezing temperatures 
  as low as 30 expected. For the second Freeze Warning, sub- 
  freezing temperatures as low as 28 expected.

* WHERE...Trego, Ellis, Ness and Rush Counties.

* WHEN...For the first Freeze Warning, from 1 AM to 10 AM CDT 
  Monday. For the second Freeze Warning, from 1 AM to 10 AM CDT 
  Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ064-171500-
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.W.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.A.0004.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
Hodgeman-
Including the cities of Jetmore and Hanston
832 PM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT
MONDAY...
...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH
TUESDAY MORNING...

* WHAT...For the Freeze Warning, sub-freezing temperatures as 
  low as 29 expected. For the Freeze Watch, sub-freezing 
  temperatures as low as 29 possible.

* WHERE...Hodgeman County.

* WHEN...For the Freeze Warning, from 1 AM to 10 AM CDT Monday. 
  For the Freeze Watch, from late Monday night through Tuesday 
  morning.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ043-044-061>063-171500-
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.W.0002.221017T0600Z-221017T1500Z/
Scott-Lane-Hamilton-Kearny-Finney-
Including the cities of Scott City, Scott State Lake, Dighton, 
Syracuse, Lakin, Deerfield, and Garden City
832 PM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022 /732 PM MDT Sun Oct 16 2022/

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT
MONDAY...

* WHAT...Sub-freezing temperatures as low as 29 expected.

* WHERE...Scott, Lane, Hamilton, Kearny and Finney Counties.

* WHEN...From 1 AM to 10 AM CDT Monday.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ065-066-171500-
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.W.0003.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
Pawnee-Stafford-
Including the cities of Larned, St. John, Stafford, 
and Macksville
832 PM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT
TUESDAY...

* WHAT...Sub-freezing temperatures as low as 29 expected.

* WHERE...Pawnee and Stafford Counties.

* WHEN...From 1 AM to 10 AM CDT Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ078>081-088>090-171500-
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.A.0004.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
Ford-Edwards-Kiowa-Pratt-Clark-Comanche-Barber-
Including the cities of Dodge City, Kinsley, Lewis, Greensburg, 
Haviland, Pratt, Ashland, Minneola, Coldwater, Lake Coldwater, 
Protection, Medicine Lodge, and Kiowa
832 PM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH
TUESDAY MORNING...

* WHAT...Sub-freezing temperatures as low as 30 possible.

* WHERE...Ford, Edwards, Kiowa, Pratt, Clark, Comanche and 
  Barber Counties.

* WHEN...From late Monday night through Tuesday morning.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions could kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$
597 
WWUS73 KDDC 170728
NPWDDC

URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
228 AM CDT Mon Oct 17 2022

KSZ030-031-045-046-172100-
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.W.0002.000000T0000Z-221017T1500Z/
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.W.0003.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
Trego-Ellis-Ness-Rush-
Including the cities of Wakeeney, Pfeifer, Hays, Ness City, 
and La Crosse
228 AM CDT Mon Oct 17 2022

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 AM CDT THIS
MORNING...
...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT
TUESDAY...

* WHAT...For the first Freeze Warning, sub-freezing temperatures
  as low as 29 expected. For the second Freeze Warning, sub- 
  freezing temperatures as low as 28 expected.

* WHERE...Trego, Ellis, Ness and Rush Counties.

* WHEN...For the first Freeze Warning, from 1 AM to 10 AM CDT 
  Monday. For the second Freeze Warning, from 1 AM to 10 AM CDT 
  Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ043-044-061>063-172100-
/O.EXA.KDDC.FZ.A.0004.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.W.0002.000000T0000Z-221017T1500Z/
Scott-Lane-Hamilton-Kearny-Finney-
Including the cities of Scott City, Scott State Lake, Dighton, 
Syracuse, Lakin, Deerfield, and Garden City
228 AM CDT Mon Oct 17 2022 /128 AM MDT Mon Oct 17 2022/

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 AM CDT THIS
MORNING...
...FREEZE WATCH IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY
MORNING...

* WHAT...For the Freeze Warning, sub-freezing temperatures as low
  as 29. For the Freeze Watch, sub-freezing temperatures as low 
  as 28 possible.

* WHERE...Scott, Lane, Hamilton, Kearny and Finney Counties.

* WHEN...From late Monday night through Tuesday morning.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions could kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ064-172100-
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.W.0002.000000T0000Z-221017T1500Z/
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.A.0004.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
Hodgeman-
Including the cities of Jetmore and Hanston
228 AM CDT Mon Oct 17 2022

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 AM CDT THIS
MORNING...
...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH
TUESDAY MORNING...

* WHAT...For the Freeze Warning, sub-freezing temperatures as low
  as 30 expected. For the Freeze Watch, sub-freezing temperatures
  as low as 29 possible.

* WHERE...Hodgeman County.

* WHEN...For the Freeze Warning, from 1 AM to 10 AM CDT Monday. 
  For the Freeze Watch, from late Monday night through Tuesday 
  morning.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ065-066-172100-
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.W.0003.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
Pawnee-Stafford-
Including the cities of Larned, St. John, Stafford, 
and Macksville
228 AM CDT Mon Oct 17 2022

...FREEZE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 10 AM CDT
TUESDAY...

* WHAT...Sub-freezing temperatures as low as 29 expected.

* WHERE...Pawnee and Stafford Counties.

* WHEN...From 1 AM to 10 AM CDT Tuesday.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions will kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ075>077-087-172100-
/O.EXA.KDDC.FZ.A.0004.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
Grant-Haskell-Gray-Meade-
Including the cities of Ulysses, Sublette, Satanta, Cimarron, 
Montezuma, Meade, Plains City, and Fowler
228 AM CDT Mon Oct 17 2022

...FREEZE WATCH IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY
MORNING...

* WHAT...Sub-freezing temperatures as low as 30 possible.

* WHERE...Grant, Haskell, Gray and Meade Counties.

* WHEN...From late Monday night through Tuesday morning.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions could kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

KSZ078>081-088>090-172100-
/O.CON.KDDC.FZ.A.0004.221018T0600Z-221018T1500Z/
Ford-Edwards-Kiowa-Pratt-Clark-Comanche-Barber-
Including the cities of Dodge City, Kinsley, Lewis, Greensburg, 
Haviland, Pratt, Ashland, Minneola, Coldwater, Lake Coldwater, 
Protection, Medicine Lodge, and Kiowa
228 AM CDT Mon Oct 17 2022

...FREEZE WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH
TUESDAY MORNING...

* WHAT...Sub-freezing temperatures as low as 30 possible.

* WHERE...Ford, Edwards, Kiowa, Pratt, Clark, Comanche and 
  Barber Counties.

* WHEN...From late Monday night through Tuesday morning.

* IMPACTS...Frost and freeze conditions could kill crops, other 
  sensitive vegetation and possibly damage unprotected outdoor 
  plumbing.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Take steps now to protect tender plants from the cold. To prevent
freezing and possible bursting of outdoor water pipes they should
be wrapped, drained, or allowed to drip slowly. Those that have
in-ground sprinkler systems should drain them and cover above-
ground pipes to protect them from freezing.

&&

$$

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this freeze warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Dodge City, KS wrote its last area forecast discussion before this freeze warning went out at Oct 16, 2:05 AM CDT, 40 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Oct 16, 2:05 AM CDT, 40 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
205 AM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

...Updated Short Term and Long Term Discussions...

.SHORT TERM...(Today and tonight)
Issued at 159 AM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

The main forecast challenge will be how far the temperatures will
fall into the 30s overnight.

Cooler air will be working its way into southwest Kansas over the
next 48 hours as a surface high slides slowly east across the
Central Plains. Deterministic models were in good agreement with a
24 hour temperature change of -5 to -7C in 850mb temperatures
from 00z Sunday to 00z Monday and an 8 to 12F drop in the boundary
layer temperatures during the same time frame. Taking this into
account it appears that the previous forecast with highs in the
60s still looks on track. This further supports that lows in the
30s will be likely (90%) across southwest and north central Kansas
tonight. The coolest temperatures tonight will be located north
of Garden City and along the I-70 corridor. In this area, the
mercury could drop to around 32 degrees for a few hours.
Confidence of this to occur is 50-70% given clear skies and light
winds overnight. Will therefore continue with the Freeze watch for
the area along and north of a Scott City to Ness City to Hays
line late tonight/early Monday morning. Low in the mid-30s will
also be possible as far south as the Oklahoma border. There will
be a 10-30% for lows to bottom out around 35 degrees along the OK
border early Friday morning.

.LONG TERM...(Monday through Saturday)
Issued at 159 AM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

The potential for freezing temperatures will linger across
western Kansas early in the work week but the challenge in the
later periods will be how long this cooler air will keep its hold
on western Kansas.

Ensembles along with all of the deterministic models are in good
agreement early in the work week with an upper low crossing the
Great Lakes Region. On the west side of this upper low Monday and
Tuesday, an upper level trough is forecast to drop south out of
central Canada and cross into the Mississippi Valley. This
scenario not only favors a slower erosion of the cooler air that
had already filtered into southwest Kansas on Sunday but also
supports the potential for a reinforcement of cooler/drier air
working its way from east to west across Kansas Monday and Tuesday
given the temperature trends in the boundary layer and 850mb
level from the persistent east/northeasterly flow. As a result,
southwest and north central Kansas will likely (70-90%) see lows
both on Tuesday morning and Wednesday morning falling back into
the low to mid 30s. Also can not rule out some lows bottoming out
in the upper 20s north and east of Dodge City. At this time the
areas most favorable for these cooler mins Tuesday morning and
Wednesday morning (40-50%) will be near and east of a Hays to
Larned line given the latest ensembles and NBM 10 to 25th
percentile guidance. Given increasing confidence on the colder
temperatures early Tuesday morning will go ahead an issue a Freeze
Watch for Monday night/Tuesday morning for locations northeast of
Dodge City.

A late week warming trend can then be expected across western
Kansas as an upper level ridge over the western United States
begins to work its way east which will allow a northwesterly
downslope flow to develop across western Kansas. This developing
downslope flow mid to late week will quickly erode the cooler air
that was anchored over western Kansas Monday and Tuesday and
allow the temperatures to rebound back into the 80s late week.

&&

.AVIATION...(For the 06Z TAFS through 06Z Sunday night)
Issued at 1252 AM CDT Sun Oct 16 2022

A surface ridge will slowly build into western Kansas today. This
will result in a northeast wind become more northerly during the
day on Sunday. The wind speeds will be at less than 10 knots
overnight.These light winds will increase into the 10 to 15 knot
range between 15z and 18z Sunday. BUFR soundings indicating an
increase in moisture/clouds will occur mid day through early
evening in the 4000 to 8000ft AGL level.

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
DDC  45  68  33  63 /  10   0   0   0
GCK  44  67  32  64 /  10   0   0   0
EHA  45  64  37  65 /  10  20  10   0
LBL  47  67  35  65 /  10  10  10   0
HYS  45  67  31  60 /  10   0   0   0
P28  49  72  38  64 /  20   0   0   0

&&

.DDC WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
Freeze Watch from late tonight through Monday morning for KSZ030-
031-043>045.

Freeze Watch from late Monday night through Tuesday morning for
KSZ030-031-045-046-065-066.

&&

SHORT TERM...Burgert
LONG TERM...Burgert
AVIATION...Burgert

The office that day

Everything else NWS Dodge City, KS issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Oct 16, 2:45 AM CDTFreeze WatchDDCEllis, Ness, Pawnee, Rush, Stafford, Trego12 hr
Oct 16, 2:50 PM CDTFreeze WarningDDCBarber, Clark, Comanche, Edwards, Ellis, Ford and 16 more43 hr
Oct 16, 3:21 PM CDTFreeze WatchDDCBarber, Clark, Comanche, Edwards, Finney, Ford and 11 more21 hr

Nearby

Freeze Warnings in Kansas, 2022Every freeze warning in 2022

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.