Alert archive / Oklahoma / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2021

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 389, NWS Norman, OK

July 11, 2021Jackson County, Kiowa County, Tillman County, Oklahoma; Hardeman County, Wichita County, Wilbarger County, Texas

NWS Norman, OK issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jul 11, 2021, 12:48 AM CDT for Jackson County, Kiowa County, Tillman County, Oklahoma; Hardeman County, Wichita County, Wilbarger County, Texas. It was in force for 42 min. 2 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: Jul 11, 2021, 12:48 AM CDT (05:48 UTC)
Expired: Jul 11, 2021, 1:30 AM CDT
In force: 42 min
Issued by: NWS Norman, OK
Area: Storm-based polygon
Hail: 0.75 in
Wind: 60.0 mph

Counties Jackson County, OK, Kiowa County, OK, Tillman County, OK, Hardeman County, TX, Wichita County, TX, Wilbarger County, TX

The radar

The Altus AFB radar (KFDR), 36 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 05:49 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
Jul 11, 1:06 AM CDT	TSTM WND GST 59	3 Sse Frederick, OK
Jul 11, 1:40 AM CDT	TSTM WND GST 59	4 N Vernon, TX

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched one storm report to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 18 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Jul 10, 9:35 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Watch	SPC	5 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Norman, OK (KOUN), launched 00:00Z, 5.8 hours before the alert went out and 199 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 2495 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -69 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1225 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 41 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 156 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 185 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 1.4
Supercell composite: 14.8

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

640 
WUUS54 KOUN 110548
SVROUN
OKC065-075-141-TXC197-485-487-110630-
/O.NEW.KOUN.SV.W.0389.210711T0548Z-210711T0630Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Severe Thunderstorm Warning
National Weather Service Norman OK
1248 AM CDT Sun Jul 11 2021

The National Weather Service in Norman has issued a

* Severe Thunderstorm Warning for...
  Jackson County in southwestern Oklahoma...
  South central Kiowa County in southwestern Oklahoma...
  Tillman County in southwestern Oklahoma...
  Northwestern Wichita County in northern Texas...
  Central Wilbarger County in northern Texas...
  East central Hardeman County in northern Texas...

* Until 130 AM CDT.

* At 1248 AM CDT, severe thunderstorms were located along a line
  extending from 6 miles southwest of Duke to 3 miles west of Olustee
  to 5 miles east of Manitou, moving south at 25 mph.

  HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and penny size hail.

  SOURCE...Radar indicated.

  IMPACT...Expect damage to roofs, siding, and trees.

* Locations impacted include...
  Altus, Vernon, Frederick, Snyder, Tipton, Chillicothe, Olustee,
  Eldorado, Mountain Park, Davidson, Manitou, Elmer, Headrick,
  Hollister, Friendship, Altus Air Force Base, Duke, Harrold, Fargo
  and Humphreys.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.

Torrential rainfall is occurring with these storms, and may lead to
flash flooding. Do not drive your vehicle through flooded roadways.

&&

LAT...LON 3472 9967 3472 9891 3407 9872 3407 9921
      3422 9966 3458 9967
TIME...MOT...LOC 0548Z 342DEG 24KT 3459 9965 3456 9949 3449 9889 

HAIL...0.75IN
WIND...60MPH
 
$$

Mahale

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Norman, OK wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jul 11, 12:21 AM CDT, 27 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jul 11, 12:21 AM CDT, 27 minutes before

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Norman OK
1221 AM CDT Sun Jul 11 2021

...New AVIATION...

.SHORT TERM...
(This evening through Sunday)
Issued at 322 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021

Storms are expected to continue to develop across southwest
Missouri, southern Kansas, northeast Oklahoma and eventually
north-central Oklahoma this afternoon.

Storms will continue to develop along and ahead of a cold front that
is moving into northwest Oklahoma this afternoon. Modest instability
and strengthening deep layer sheer will support, storms with
supercellular characteristics, at least initially. These storms will
pose a large hail, damaging wind and at least a very low tornado
risk. However, veered low level flow and more linear forcing along
the surface front will lead to an expected quick transition to a
more linear mode along the boundary. Primary hazard will become
damaging wind gusts and with a secondary heavy rainfall concern as
precipitable water values remain high. However, progressive nature
of this activity is expected to limit the overall heavy rainfall
threat.

HRRR would suggest convection would approach the I-40 corridor 9pm
or a little after. There has been a trend of slowing the southward
progression down in the laster few runs. The storms would then
approach the Red river around 3 or 4 in the morning. Although an
overall downward trend is expected after midnight, some severe risk
does appear possible through the night time hours.

Will keep some lingering precip chances along the Red river Sunday
morning, but most of the activity should be south of the area.
Models are also showing another embedded shortwave rotating around
the upper low to our northeast during the day Sunday. This may
result in a few showers or thunderstorms during the afternoon hours,
mainly along and east of the I-35 corridor. Otherwise, daytime temps
will be a bit lower on Sunday as will the dewpoints as slightly
drier air filters south behind the front.

&&

.LONG TERM...
(Sunday night through next Friday)
Issued at 324 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021

The front exits the area and winds become light Sunday night and
winds veer to the SE/S by Monday afternoon as the surface ridge
axis moves eastward. The NAM/GFS suggest thunderstorm development
over western north TX and western OK Monday evening into early
Tuesday morning as a LLJ develops atop the retreating cold front,
or weak warm front. Left POPs low for now, but will continue to
watch trends.

The midlevel low pressure system that brought us the cold front
moves slowly across the midwest, before lifting northeast across
the Great Lakes on Tuesday. Meanwhile, the broad upper ridge that
has contributed to record heat across the western CONUS begins to
break down and north flow aloft will likewise weaken over our area.

A wave then translates across the northern plains midweek, and
there are low POPs for precipitation for northern Oklahoma on
Wednesday night into Thursday and again Thursday night into Friday.
The associated frontal boundaries and bulk of precipitation,
however, appears to remain well to our north.

Thompson

&&

.AVIATION...
(06Z TAFS)
Issued at 1158 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021

Line of strong to severe thunderstorms continues to move south
across southern OK. They will move out of LAW soon but then into
SPS. VSBYs will drop to near 1SM within very heavy rainfall but
should only last ~1 hr or less. Some brief MVFR cigs will be
possible over northern OK around 15-17Z Sunday. Otherwise, expect
northerly winds behind a cold front thru the early morning hours
and into Sunday with clearing skies throughout the day.

&&

.UPPER AIR...
Issued at 640 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021

No upper air flights are planned at this time.

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
Oklahoma City OK  91  68  85  64 /  20  80   0   0
Hobart OK         95  68  90  65 /  10  70   0  10
Wichita Falls TX  95  73  93  68 /   0  80  10  10
Gage OK           94  65  88  63 /  30   0   0   0
Ponca City OK     89  66  82  62 /  80  50  20  10
Durant OK         93  72  92  67 /   0  80  30  10

&&

.OUN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
OK...None.
TX...None.
&&

SHORT TERM...30
LONG TERM....01
AVIATION...03

Hazardous weather outlook, Jul 10, 7:14 PM CDT, 5 hours 34 minutes before

Hazardous Weather Outlook...UPDATED
National Weather Service Norman OK
714 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021

OKZ004>048-050>052-TXZ083>090-120015-
Harper-Woods-Alfalfa-Grant-Kay-Ellis-Woodward-Major-Garfield-
Noble-Roger Mills-Dewey-Custer-Blaine-Kingfisher-Logan-Payne-
Beckham-Washita-Caddo-Canadian-Oklahoma-Lincoln-Grady-McClain-
Cleveland-Pottawatomie-Seminole-Hughes-Harmon-Greer-Kiowa-Jackson-
Tillman-Comanche-Stephens-Garvin-Murray-Pontotoc-Coal-Cotton-
Jefferson-Carter-Johnston-Atoka-Love-Marshall-Bryan-Hardeman-
Foard-Wilbarger-Wichita-Knox-Baylor-Archer-Clay-
714 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of northern...
western...central...and southern Oklahoma...and western north
Texas.

.DAY ONE...Through Tonight...

.Thunderstorms...
There is an enhanced risk of severe thunderstorms this evening
across portions of central Oklahoma. Additional severe thunderstorms
are also possible across southwestern and southern Oklahoma, and
western north Texas late tonight through early Sunday morning. The
main threats will be wind gusts exceeding 60 mph and hail up to
the size of golf balls. The severe weather threat should end after
3 AM.

.SPOTTER AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT STATEMENT...

Storm spotter groups and emergency management personnel across
Oklahoma and north Texas should prepare for severe weather
operations from mid afternoon through early Sunday morning.

.Heavy rainfall...
Localized flooding will be possible through late tonight mainly
across portions of central and south central Oklahoma.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday...

.Thunderstorms...
Thunderstorms will remain possible Sunday morning and afternoon
across southern Oklahoma and north Texas, although the severe
weather potential will be low. Isolated storms will be possible
over southeast Oklahoma and north central Texas on Monday. Storms
will again be possible later in the week from Wednesday night
through Friday with the highest chances of storms across northern
and western Oklahoma Thursday night and Friday.

Get graphics and more details at weather.gov/norman...and follow
our weather forecast office on Twitter and Facebook.

In the hours before

Local storm report, Jul 11, 12:26 AM CDT, 22 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
1226 AM CDT SUN JUL 11 2021

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1210 AM     FLASH FLOOD      2 NW LAWTON             34.62N 98.42W
07/11/2021                   COMANCHE           OK   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            2 VEHICLES STRANDED IN WATER. WATER
            CONTINUES TO RISE.

&&

RB

Local storm report, Jul 11, 12:31 AM CDT, 17 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
1231 AM CDT SUN JUL 11 2021

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1225 AM     FLASH FLOOD      1 SSE LAWTON            34.59N 98.39W
07/11/2021                   COMANCHE           OK   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            WATER RESCUE. WATER COMING INTO VEHICLE.

&&

RB

Local storm report, Jul 11, 12:37 AM CDT, 11 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
1237 AM CDT SUN JUL 11 2021

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1235 AM     TSTM WND GST     1 W ARDMORE             34.17N 97.16W
07/11/2021  E65 MPH          CARTER             OK   TRAINED SPOTTER

            TREE BLOWN ACROSS THE HIGHWAY.

&&

RB

Local storm report, Jul 11, 12:40 AM CDT, 8 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
1240 AM CDT SUN JUL 11 2021

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1220 AM     TSTM WND GST     1 N RINGLING            34.19N 97.59W
07/11/2021  M58 MPH          JEFFERSON          OK   MESONET

&&

RB

Local storm report, Jul 11, 12:46 AM CDT, 2 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
1246 AM CDT SUN JUL 11 2021

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1110 PM     TSTM WND DMG     ELGIN                   34.78N 98.29W
07/10/2021                   COMANCHE           OK   BROADCAST MEDIA

            DAMAGE TO ROOF OF POST OFFICE. ESTIMATED 65
            TO 70 MPH WIND GUST. POWER LINES ALSO DOWN.

&&

RB

Special weather statement, Jul 11, 12:46 AM CDT, 2 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE Norman OK
1246 AM CDT Sun Jul 11 2021

OKZ033-035>037-TXZ083-085-086-110630-
Harmon OK-Kiowa OK-Tillman OK-Jackson OK-Wichita TX-Wilbarger TX-
Hardeman TX-
1246 AM CDT Sun Jul 11 2021

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR southern Harmon...south central
Kiowa...Tillman...Jackson...northwestern Wichita...northern Wilbarger
and central Hardeman Counties Until 130 AM CDT...

AT 1244 AM CDT, strong thunderstorms were along a line extending from
5 miles southwest of Hollis to 3 miles west of Olustee to 5 miles
east of Manitou, moving south at 25 MPH.

HAZARDS INCLUDE...
Hail up to one-half inch diameter...
Wind gusts over 50 MPH...
Flooding in areas of poor drainage...

Locations impacted include...
Altus, Frederick, Quanah, Hollis, Snyder, Tipton, Chillicothe,
Olustee, Eldorado, Mountain Park, Davidson, Manitou, Martha, Gould,
Elmer, Headrick, Hollister, Friendship, Altus Air Force Base and
Fargo.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Storm intensity is increasing and severe weather may develop rapidly.
Stay alert and listen for warnings.

&&

LAT...LON 3472 10000 3472 9944 3473 9944 3476 9893
      3412 9874 3419 9938 3434 10000
TIME...MOT...LOC 0544Z 342DEG 24KT 3463 9998 3456 9949 3449 9889

Mahale

The office that day

Everything else NWS Norman, OK issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Jul 10, 7:12 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Logan, Payne	18 min
Jul 10, 7:23 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Lincoln, Logan, Payne	52 min
Jul 10, 7:47 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Kingfisher	28 min
Jul 10, 7:52 PM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Lincoln, Logan, Payne	3 hr
Jul 10, 7:58 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Kingfisher, Lincoln, Logan, Oklahoma, Payne	47 min
Jul 10, 8:02 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Blaine	43 min
Jul 10, 8:14 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Blaine, Canadian, Kingfisher	61 min
Jul 10, 8:25 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Lincoln, Logan, Oklahoma, Pottawatomie	50 min
Jul 10, 8:27 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Beckham	48 min
Jul 10, 8:36 PM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Lincoln, Logan, Oklahoma	3 hr
Jul 10, 8:49 PM CDT	Flash Flood Warning	OUN	Lincoln, Payne	101 min
Jul 10, 8:53 PM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Lincoln, Oklahoma, Pottawatomie	3 hr
Jul 10, 8:59 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Blaine, Caddo, Canadian, Custer, Grady, Washita	61 min
Jul 10, 9:02 PM CDT	Flash Flood Warning	OUN	Oklahoma	3 hr
Jul 10, 9:11 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Cleveland, Lincoln, McClain, Oklahoma, Pottawatomie	49 min
Jul 10, 9:20 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Okfuskee	40 min
Jul 10, 9:31 PM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Cleveland, McClain, Oklahoma, Pottawatomie, Seminole	3 hr
Jul 10, 9:35 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Caddo, Cleveland, Grady, McClain	25 min
Jul 10, 9:43 PM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Blaine, Caddo, Canadian, Grady	3 hr
Jul 10, 9:43 PM CDT	Flash Flood Warning	OUN	Oklahoma	2 hr
Jul 10, 10:00 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Caddo, Grady, Kiowa, Washita	45 min
Jul 10, 10:02 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Cleveland, McClain, Pottawatomie	43 min
Jul 10, 10:19 PM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Seminole	3 hr
Jul 10, 10:23 PM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Caddo, Grady	3 hr
Jul 10, 10:37 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Caddo, Comanche, Grady, Kiowa, Washita	38 min
Jul 10, 10:39 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Hughes, McClain, Pontotoc, Pottawatomie, Seminole	51 min
Jul 10, 10:45 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Grady	30 min
Jul 10, 10:48 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Garvin, Grady	42 min
Jul 10, 10:54 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Grady	36 min
Jul 10, 11:11 PM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Caddo, Comanche, Cotton, Grady, Stephens	3 hr
Jul 10, 11:12 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Caddo, Comanche, Grady, Kiowa, Stephens	63 min
Jul 10, 11:15 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Coal, Hughes, Johnston, Pontotoc	60 min
Jul 10, 11:31 PM CDT	Flash Flood Warning	OUN	Comanche	3 hr
Jul 10, 11:35 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Stephens	25 min
Jul 10, 11:38 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Comanche, Cotton, Jefferson, Stephens	52 min
Jul 10, 11:44 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Carter, Garvin, Murray, Stephens	46 min
Jul 10, 11:59 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Comanche, Cotton, Kiowa, Tillman	46 min
Jul 11, 12:02 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Atoka, Bryan, Coal	58 min
Jul 11, 12:23 AM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Comanche, Cotton, Jefferson, Stephens, Tillman	3 hr
Jul 11, 12:23 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Carter, Comanche, Cotton, Jefferson, Love, Marshall and 1 more	67 min
Jul 11, 12:32 AM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Coal, Hughes, Pontotoc	3 hr
Jul 11, 12:43 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Carter, Johnston, Love, Marshall	47 min
Jul 11, 12:46 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Jackson, Tillman	44 min
Jul 11, 12:54 AM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Carter, Garvin, Jefferson, Murray, Stephens	3 hr
Jul 11, 1:05 AM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Atoka, Coal, Johnston, Pontotoc	3 hr
Jul 11, 1:24 AM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Comanche, Jackson, Kiowa, Tillman	3 hr
Jul 11, 1:24 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Tillman	51 min
Jul 11, 1:33 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Bryan	42 min
Jul 11, 1:36 AM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Cotton, Jefferson, Tillman	3 hr
Jul 11, 2:23 AM CDT	Areal Flood Warning	OUN	Comanche	3 hr
Jul 11, 12:15 PM CDT	River Flood Advisory	OUN	Comanche, Cotton	34 hr
Jul 11, 1:30 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Clay	30 min
Jul 11, 1:53 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Archer, Baylor	54 min
Jul 11, 2:03 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Foard	42 min
Jul 11, 2:05 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Baylor, Foard, Hardeman, Knox, Wilbarger	55 min
Jul 11, 2:10 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Clay	35 min
Jul 11, 2:58 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Baylor, Foard, Knox	62 min
Jul 11, 3:59 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Knox	46 min
Jul 11, 4:08 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Knox	52 min
Jul 11, 4:24 AM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Knox	3 hr

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Oklahoma, 2021 Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Texas, 2021 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2021

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.