Alert archive / Hawaii / Flood Watches in 2021

Flood Watch 2, NWS Honolulu, HI

December 2, 20214 counties in Hawaii

NWS Honolulu, HI issued this flood watch at Dec 2, 2021, 3:04 PM HST for 4 counties in Hawaii. It was in force for 5 days.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued: Dec 2, 2021, 3:04 PM HST (01:04 UTC)
Expired: Dec 8, 2021, 2:45 AM HST
In force: 5 days
Issued by: NWS Honolulu, HI
Flood severity: None

Counties Hawaii County, HI, Honolulu County, HI, Kalawao County, HI, Kauai County, HI

The radar

The Molokai radar (PHMO), 38 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 01:04 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The nearest sounding before it

Lihue, (PHLI), launched 00:00Z, 1.1 hours before the alert went out and 214 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 159 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -15 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 845 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 22 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: -3 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 18 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

459 
WGHW60 PHFO 030104
FFAHFO

URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Flood Watch
National Weather Service Honolulu HI
304 PM HST Thu Dec 2 2021

...FLOOD WATCH FOR ALL ISLANDS THROUGH MONDAY...

HIZ001-003-004-006-007-009>011-015>018-022-023-026-027-029>054-
031515-
/O.NEW.PHFO.FA.A.0002.211203T0104Z-211207T0400Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Niihau-Kauai Southwest-Kauai Mountains-Waianae Coast-Oahu North
Shore-Olomana-Central Oahu-Waianae Mountains-Lanai Mauka-Kahoolawe-
Maui Windward West-Maui Leeward West-Haleakala Summit-Kona-Kohala-
Big Island Interior-Kauai North-Kauai East-Kauai South-East Honolulu-
Honolulu Metro-Ewa Plain-Koolau Windward-Koolau Leeward-Molokai
Windward-Molokai Southeast-Molokai North-Molokai West-Molokai
Leeward South-Lanai Windward-Lanai Leeward-Lanai South-Maui Central
Valley North-Maui Central Valley South-Windward Haleakala-Kipahulu-
South Maui/Upcountry-South Haleakala-Big Island South-Big Island
Southeast-Big Island East-Big Island North-
304 PM HST Thu Dec 2 2021

...FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...Flash flooding caused by excessive rainfall is possible.

* WHERE...All Hawaiian Islands.

* WHEN...Through Monday afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Significant flooding may occur due to the overflow of 
  streams and drainages. Roads in several areas may be closed, along 
  with property damage in urban or low lying spots due to runoff. 
  Isolated highways, such as the Belt Highway in the Big Island's 
  Kau District, and Piilani Highway on Maui, may be closed in one or 
  more locations, resulting in long detours or even the isolation of 
  communities. Landslides may also occur in areas with steep terrain.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - A cold front will move over the islands from the northwest
    tonight and Friday, initially bringing a relatively short
    period of heavy rainfall to Kauai and Oahu. The front is
    expected to stall near Maui County and the Big Island late
    Friday, bringing the potential for an extended period of
    heavy rainfall as a slow-moving kona low forms west of Kauai
    on Saturday. As the low develops, moisture associated with
    the front will spread back toward the west, bringing the
    threat of heavy rainfall to all islands, with this threat
    likely persisting well into next week.


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Be prepared to take action if a Flash Flood Warning is issued. If 
you experience heavy rain or rising waters, head to higher ground 
immediately.

A Flood Watch means that conditions are favorable for flash 
flooding. Flash Flooding is LIFE THREATENING. Do not cross fast 
flowing water in your vehicle or on foot.

&&

$$

HFO

14 follow-up statements

194 
WGHW60 PHFO 031310
FFAHFO

Flood Watch
National Weather Service Honolulu HI
310 AM HST Fri Dec 3 2021

...FLOOD WATCH FOR ALL ISLANDS THROUGH MONDAY...

HIZ001-003-004-006-007-009>011-015>018-022-023-026-027-029>054-
040315-
/O.CON.PHFO.FA.A.0002.000000T0000Z-211207T0400Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Niihau-Kauai Southwest-Kauai Mountains-Waianae Coast-Oahu North
Shore-Olomana-Central Oahu-Waianae Mountains-Lanai Mauka-Kahoolawe-
Maui Windward West-Maui Leeward West-Haleakala Summit-Kona-Kohala-
Big Island Interior-Kauai North-Kauai East-Kauai South-East Honolulu-
Honolulu Metro-Ewa Plain-Koolau Windward-Koolau Leeward-Molokai
Windward-Molokai Southeast-Molokai North-Molokai West-Molokai
Leeward South-Lanai Windward-Lanai Leeward-Lanai South-Maui Central
Valley North-Maui Central Valley South-Windward Haleakala-Kipahulu-
South Maui/Upcountry-South Haleakala-Big Island South-Big Island
Southeast-Big Island East-Big Island North-
310 AM HST Fri Dec 3 2021

...FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...Flash flooding caused by excessive rainfall continues to be 
  possible.

* WHERE...All Hawaiian Islands.

* WHEN...Through Monday afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Significant flooding may occur due to the overflow of 
  streams and drainages. Roads in several areas may be closed, along 
  with property damage in urban or low lying spots due to runoff. 
  Landslides may also occur in areas with steep terrain.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - A cold front is expected to stall near Maui and the Big
    Island late today, bringing the potential for an extended
    period of heavy rainfall while a slow-moving kona low forms
    west of Kauai on Saturday. As the low develops, moisture
    associated with the front will spread back toward the west,
    bringing the threat of heavy rainfall to all islands, with
    this threat likely persisting well into next week.


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Be prepared to take action if a Flash Flood Warning is issued. If 
you experience heavy rain or rising waters, head to higher ground 
immediately.

A Flood Watch means that conditions are favorable for flash 
flooding. Flash Flooding is LIFE THREATENING. Do not cross fast 
flowing water in your vehicle or on foot.

&&

$$

LAU

741 
WGHW60 PHFO 031842
FFAHFO

Flood Watch
National Weather Service Honolulu HI
842 AM HST Fri Dec 3 2021

...FLOOD WATCH FOR ALL ISLANDS THROUGH MONDAY...

HIZ001-003-004-006-007-009>011-015>018-022-023-026-027-029>054-
040330-
/O.CON.PHFO.FA.A.0002.000000T0000Z-211207T0400Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Niihau-Kauai Southwest-Kauai Mountains-Waianae Coast-Oahu North
Shore-Olomana-Central Oahu-Waianae Mountains-Lanai Mauka-Kahoolawe-
Maui Windward West-Maui Leeward West-Haleakala Summit-Kona-Kohala-
Big Island Interior-Kauai North-Kauai East-Kauai South-East Honolulu-
Honolulu Metro-Ewa Plain-Koolau Windward-Koolau Leeward-Molokai
Windward-Molokai Southeast-Molokai North-Molokai West-Molokai
Leeward South-Lanai Windward-Lanai Leeward-Lanai South-Maui Central
Valley North-Maui Central Valley South-Windward Haleakala-Kipahulu-
South Maui/Upcountry-South Haleakala-Big Island South-Big Island
Southeast-Big Island East-Big Island North-
842 AM HST Fri Dec 3 2021

...FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...Flash flooding caused by excessive rainfall continues to be 
  possible.

* WHERE...All Hawaiian Islands 

* WHEN...Through Monday afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Significant flooding may occur due to the overflow of 
  streams and drainages. Roads in several areas may be closed, along 
  with property damage in urban or low lying spots due to runoff. 
  Isolated highways, such as the Belt Highway in the Big Island's 
  Kau District, and Piilani Highway on Maui, may be closed in one or 
  more locations, resulting in long detours or even the isolation of 
  communities. Landslides may also occur in areas with steep terrain.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - A prolonged period of heavy rainfall is anticipated as a
    slow-moving kona low develops west of Kauai, and moisture
    associated with a front stalls over the islands. In the short
    term, the stalling front will bring the greatest potential
    for heavy rain over Maui and the Big Island. As the low forms
    west of Kauai on Saturday, moisture associated with the front
    will gradually spread back toward Oahu and Kauai County. This
    will bring the threat of heavy rainfall to all islands well
    into next week.


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Be prepared to take action if a Flash Flood Warning is issued. If 
you experience heavy rain or rising waters, head to higher ground 
immediately.

A Flood Watch means that conditions are favorable for flash 
flooding. Flash Flooding is LIFE THREATENING. Do not cross fast 
flowing water in your vehicle or on foot.

&&

$$

HFO

139 
WGHW60 PHFO 040153
FFAHFO

URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Flood Watch
National Weather Service Honolulu HI
353 PM HST Fri Dec 3 2021

...FLOOD WATCH FOR ALL ISLANDS THROUGH MONDAY...

HIZ001-003-004-006-007-009>011-015>018-022-023-026-027-029>054-
050215-
/O.EXT.PHFO.FA.A.0002.000000T0000Z-211208T0400Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Niihau-Kauai Southwest-Kauai Mountains-Waianae Coast-
Oahu North Shore-Olomana-Central Oahu-Waianae Mountains-
Lanai Mauka-Kahoolawe-Maui Windward West-Maui Leeward West-
Haleakala Summit-Kona-Kohala-Big Island Interior-Kauai North-
Kauai East-Kauai South-East Honolulu-Honolulu Metro-Ewa Plain-
Koolau Windward-Koolau Leeward-Molokai Windward-Molokai Southeast-
Molokai North-Molokai West-Molokai Leeward South-Lanai Windward-
Lanai Leeward-Lanai South-Maui Central Valley North-
Maui Central Valley South-Windward Haleakala-Kipahulu-
South Maui/Upcountry-South Haleakala-Big Island South-
Big Island Southeast-Big Island East-Big Island North-
353 PM HST Fri Dec 3 2021

...FLOOD WATCH NOW IN EFFECT THROUGH TUESDAY AFTERNOON...

The Flood Watch is now in effect for

* WHAT...Flash flooding caused by excessive rainfall will be
  possible.

* WHERE...All Hawaiian Islands 

* WHEN...Through Tuesday afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Significant flooding may occur due to the overflow 
  of streams and drainages. Roads in several areas may be 
  closed, along with property damage in urban or low lying spots 
  due to runoff. Isolated highways, such as the Belt Highway in 
  the Big Island's Kau District, and Piilani Highway on Maui, 
  may be closed in one or more locations, resulting in long 
  detours or even the isolation of communities. Landslides may 
  also occur in areas with steep terrain. 

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - A prolonged period of heavy rainfall is anticipated as a slow-
    moving kona low develops west of Kauai, and moisture
    associated with a front stalls over the islands. In the short
    term, the stalling front will bring the greatest potential for
    heavy rain over Maui and the Big Island. As the low forms west
    of Kauai on Saturday, moisture associated with the front will
    gradually spread back toward Oahu and Kauai County. This will
    bring the threat of heavy rainfall to all islands well into
    next week.PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Be prepared to take action if a Flash Flood Warning is issued. If
you experience heavy rain or rising waters, head to higher ground
immediately.

A Flood Watch means that conditions are favorable for flash
flooding. Flash Flooding is LIFE THREATENING. Do not cross fast
flowing water in your vehicle or on foot.

&&

$$

218 
WGHW60 PHFO 040206 CCA
FFAHFO

URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Flood Watch...CORRECTED
National Weather Service Honolulu HI
406 PM HST Fri Dec 3 2021

...FLOOD WATCH FOR ALL ISLANDS THROUGH TUESDAY...

HIZ001-003-004-006-007-009>011-015>018-022-023-026-027-029>054-
050215-
/O.COR.PHFO.FA.A.0002.000000T0000Z-211208T0400Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Niihau-Kauai Southwest-Kauai Mountains-Waianae Coast-
Oahu North Shore-Olomana-Central Oahu-Waianae Mountains-
Lanai Mauka-Kahoolawe-Maui Windward West-Maui Leeward West-
Haleakala Summit-Kona-Kohala-Big Island Interior-Kauai North-
Kauai East-Kauai South-East Honolulu-Honolulu Metro-Ewa Plain-
Koolau Windward-Koolau Leeward-Molokai Windward-Molokai Southeast-
Molokai North-Molokai West-Molokai Leeward South-Lanai Windward-
Lanai Leeward-Lanai South-Maui Central Valley North-
Maui Central Valley South-Windward Haleakala-Kipahulu-
South Maui/Upcountry-South Haleakala-Big Island South-
Big Island Southeast-Big Island East-Big Island North-
406 PM HST Fri Dec 3 2021

...FLOOD WATCH NOW IN EFFECT THROUGH TUESDAY AFTERNOON...

The Flood Watch is now in effect for

* WHAT...Flash flooding caused by excessive rainfall will be
  possible.

* WHERE...All Hawaiian Islands 

* WHEN...Through Tuesday afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Significant flooding may occur due to the overflow 
  of streams and drainages. Roads in several areas may be 
  closed, along with property damage in urban or low lying spots 
  due to runoff. Isolated highways, such as the Belt Highway in 
  the Big Island's Kau District, and Piilani Highway on Maui, 
  may be closed in one or more locations, resulting in long 
  detours or even the isolation of communities. Landslides may 
  also occur in areas with steep terrain. 

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - A prolonged period of heavy rainfall is anticipated as a slow-
    moving kona low develops west of Kauai, and moisture
    associated with a front stalls over the islands. In the short
    term, the stalling front will bring the greatest potential for
    heavy rain over Maui and the Big Island. As the low forms west
    of Kauai on Saturday, moisture associated with the front will
    gradually spread back toward Oahu and Kauai County. This will
    bring the threat of heavy rainfall to all islands well into
    next week.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Be prepared to take action if a Flash Flood Warning is issued. If
you experience heavy rain or rising waters, head to higher ground
immediately.

A Flood Watch means that conditions are favorable for flash
flooding. Flash Flooding is LIFE THREATENING. Do not cross fast
flowing water in your vehicle or on foot.

&&

$$

686 
WGHW60 PHFO 041327
FFAHFO

Flood Watch
National Weather Service Honolulu HI
327 AM HST Sat Dec 4 2021

...FLOOD WATCH FOR ALL ISLANDS THROUGH TUESDAY...

HIZ001-003-004-006-007-009>011-015>018-022-023-026-027-029>054-
050330-
/O.CON.PHFO.FA.A.0002.000000T0000Z-211208T0400Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Niihau-Kauai Southwest-Kauai Mountains-Waianae Coast-Oahu North
Shore-Olomana-Central Oahu-Waianae Mountains-Lanai Mauka-Kahoolawe-
Maui Windward West-Maui Leeward West-Haleakala Summit-Kona-Kohala-
Big Island Interior-Kauai North-Kauai East-Kauai South-East Honolulu-
Honolulu Metro-Ewa Plain-Koolau Windward-Koolau Leeward-Molokai
Windward-Molokai Southeast-Molokai North-Molokai West-Molokai
Leeward South-Lanai Windward-Lanai Leeward-Lanai South-Maui Central
Valley North-Maui Central Valley South-Windward Haleakala-Kipahulu-
South Maui/Upcountry-South Haleakala-Big Island South-Big Island
Southeast-Big Island East-Big Island North-
327 AM HST Sat Dec 4 2021

...FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH TUESDAY AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...Flash flooding caused by excessive rainfall remains 
  possible.

* WHERE...All Hawaiian Islands.

* WHEN...Through Tuesday afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Significant flooding may occur due to the overflow of 
  streams and drainages. Roads in several areas may be closed, along 
  with property damage in urban or low lying spots due to runoff. 
  Landslides may also occur in areas with steep terrain.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - The threat of heavy rainfall will remain over the eastern end
    of the state today, then becoming a statewide threat Sunday
    through Tuesday as low pressure forms west of the state.


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Be prepared to take action if a Flash Flood Warning is issued. If 
you experience heavy rain or rising waters, head to higher ground 
immediately.

A Flood Watch means that conditions are favorable for flash 
flooding. Flash Flooding is LIFE THREATENING. Do not cross fast 
flowing water in your vehicle or on foot.

&&

$$

GIBBS

020 
WGHW60 PHFO 050050
FFAHFO

Flood Watch
National Weather Service Honolulu HI
250 PM HST Sat Dec 4 2021

...FLOOD WATCH FOR ALL ISLANDS THROUGH TUESDAY...

HIZ001-003-004-006-007-009>011-015>018-022-023-026-027-029>054-
051500-
/O.CON.PHFO.FA.A.0002.000000T0000Z-211208T0400Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Niihau-Kauai Southwest-Kauai Mountains-Waianae Coast-Oahu North
Shore-Olomana-Central Oahu-Waianae Mountains-Lanai Mauka-Kahoolawe-
Maui Windward West-Maui Leeward West-Haleakala Summit-Kona-Kohala-
Big Island Interior-Kauai North-Kauai East-Kauai South-East Honolulu-
Honolulu Metro-Ewa Plain-Koolau Windward-Koolau Leeward-Molokai
Windward-Molokai Southeast-Molokai North-Molokai West-Molokai
Leeward South-Lanai Windward-Lanai Leeward-Lanai South-Maui Central
Valley North-Maui Central Valley South-Windward Haleakala-Kipahulu-
South Maui/Upcountry-South Haleakala-Big Island South-Big Island
Southeast-Big Island East-Big Island North-
250 PM HST Sat Dec 4 2021

...FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH TUESDAY AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...Flash flooding caused by excessive rainfall remains 
  possible.

* WHERE...All Hawaiian Islands. 

* WHEN...Through Tuesday afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Rain events of this size can cause catastrophic flooding 
  and affect areas that do not usually flood. Low spots in roads 
  will become dangerous and impassable due to severe runoff. Debris 
  in streams and gulches may clog bridges and culverts resulting in 
  dangerous flooding. Numerous landslides are expected in areas with 
  steep terrain. Isolated highways, such as the Belt Highway in the 
  Big Island's Kau District, may be closed in one or more locations, 
  resulting in long detours or even the isolation of communities.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - Periods of extremely heavy rainfall are expected as a kona
    low develops west of Kauai, and pulls deep moisture over the
    islands. A slow-moving band of heavy rain is expected to move
    over the Big Island and Maui County on Sunday, spreading to
    Oahu and Kauai County Sunday night and Monday. Widespread
    rainfall total amounts of 10 to 15 inches are anticipated,
    with isolated areas of 20 to 25 inches possible.


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Be prepared to take action if a Flash Flood Warning is issued. If 
you experience heavy rain or rising waters, head to higher ground 
immediately.

A Flood Watch means that conditions are favorable for flash 
flooding. Flash Flooding is LIFE THREATENING. Do not cross fast 
flowing water in your vehicle or on foot.

&&

$$

Birchard

682 
WGHW60 PHFO 051330
FFAHFO

Flood Watch
National Weather Service Honolulu HI
330 AM HST Sun Dec 5 2021

...FLOOD WATCH FOR ALL ISLANDS THROUGH TUESDAY...

HIZ001-003-004-006-007-009>011-015>018-022-023-026-027-029>054-
060330-
/O.CON.PHFO.FA.A.0002.000000T0000Z-211208T0400Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Niihau-Kauai Southwest-Kauai Mountains-Waianae Coast-Oahu North
Shore-Olomana-Central Oahu-Waianae Mountains-Lanai Mauka-Kahoolawe-
Maui Windward West-Maui Leeward West-Haleakala Summit-Kona-Kohala-
Big Island Interior-Kauai North-Kauai East-Kauai South-East Honolulu-
Honolulu Metro-Ewa Plain-Koolau Windward-Koolau Leeward-Molokai
Windward-Molokai Southeast-Molokai North-Molokai West-Molokai
Leeward South-Lanai Windward-Lanai Leeward-Lanai South-Maui Central
Valley North-Maui Central Valley South-Windward Haleakala-Kipahulu-
South Maui/Upcountry-South Haleakala-Big Island South-Big Island
Southeast-Big Island East-Big Island North-
330 AM HST Sun Dec 5 2021

...FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH TUESDAY AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...Flash flooding caused by excessive rainfall remains 
  possible.

* WHERE...All Hawaiian Islands.

* WHEN...Through Tuesday afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Rain events of this size can cause catastrophic flooding 
  and affect areas that do not usually flood. Low spots in roads 
  will become dangerous and impassable due to severe runoff. Debris 
  in streams and gulches may clog bridges and culverts resulting in 
  dangerous flooding. Numerous landslides are expected in areas with 
  steep terrain. Isolated highways, such as the Belt Highway in the 
  Big Island's Kau District, may be closed in one or more locations, 
  resulting in long detours or even the isolation of communities.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - Periods of extremely heavy rainfall are expected as a kona
    low develops west of Kauai, and pulls deep moisture over the
    islands. A slow-moving band of heavy rain is expected to move
    over the Big Island and Maui County today, spreading to Oahu
    and Kauai County tonight and Monday. Widespread rainfall
    total amounts of 10 to 15 inches are anticipated, with
    isolated areas of 20 to 25 inches possible.


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Be prepared to take action if a Flash Flood Warning is issued. If 
you experience heavy rain or rising waters, head to higher ground 
immediately.

A Flood Watch means that conditions are favorable for flash 
flooding. Flash Flooding is LIFE THREATENING. Do not cross fast 
flowing water in your vehicle or on foot.

&&

$$

GIBBS

402 
WGHW60 PHFO 060217
FFAHFO

Flood Watch
National Weather Service Honolulu HI
417 PM HST Sun Dec 5 2021

.FLOOD WATCH FOR ALL ISLANDS THROUGH TUESDAY.

HIZ001-003-004-006-007-009>011-015>018-022-023-026-027-029>054-
061630-
/O.CON.PHFO.FA.A.0002.000000T0000Z-211208T0400Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Niihau-Kauai Southwest-Kauai Mountains-Waianae Coast-Oahu North
Shore-Olomana-Central Oahu-Waianae Mountains-Lanai Mauka-Kahoolawe-
Maui Windward West-Maui Leeward West-Haleakala Summit-Kona-Kohala-
Big Island Interior-Kauai North-Kauai East-Kauai South-East Honolulu-
Honolulu Metro-Ewa Plain-Koolau Windward-Koolau Leeward-Molokai
Windward-Molokai Southeast-Molokai North-Molokai West-Molokai
Leeward South-Lanai Windward-Lanai Leeward-Lanai South-Maui Central
Valley North-Maui Central Valley South-Windward Haleakala-Kipahulu-
South Maui/Upcountry-South Haleakala-Big Island South-Big Island
Southeast-Big Island East-Big Island North-
417 PM HST Sun Dec 5 2021

...FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH TUESDAY AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...Flash flooding caused by excessive rainfall continues to be 
  possible.

* WHERE...All Hawaiian Islands

* WHEN...Through Tuesday afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Rain events of this size can cause catastrophic flooding 
  and affect areas that do not usually flood. Low spots in roads 
  will become dangerous and impassable due to severe runoff. Debris in 
  streams and gulches may clog bridges and culverts resulting in 
  dangerous flooding. Numerous landslides are expected in areas with 
  steep terrain. Urban areas, especially on Oahu, may have severe 
  flooding. Isolated highways, such as the Belt Highway in the Big 
  Island's Kau District, and Piilani Highway on Maui, may be closed
  in one or more locations, resulting in long detours or even the 
  isolation of communities.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - Periods of extremely heavy rainfall are expected as the kona
    low west of Kauai pulls deep moisture over the islands.
    Intense rainfall rates are expected tonight across the Big
    Island, Maui County and Oahu and this moisture will spread
    westward to Kauai on Monday. Widespread rainfall total
    amounts of 10 to 15 inches are anticipated, with isolated
    areas of 20 to 25 inches possible.


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Be prepared to take action if a Flash Flood Warning is issued. If 
you experience heavy rain or rising waters, head to higher ground 
immediately.

A Flood Watch means that conditions are favorable for flash 
flooding. Flash Flooding is LIFE THREATENING. Do not cross fast 
flowing water in your vehicle or on foot.

&&

$$

KINO

147 
WGHW60 PHFO 061233
FFAHFO

Flood Watch
National Weather Service Honolulu HI
233 AM HST Mon Dec 6 2021

...FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH TUESDAY AFTERNOON FOR ALL 
HAWAIIAN ISLANDS...

HIZ001-003-004-006-007-009>011-015>018-022-023-026-027-029>054-
070345-
/O.CON.PHFO.FA.A.0002.000000T0000Z-211208T0400Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Niihau-Kauai Southwest-Kauai Mountains-Waianae Coast-Oahu North
Shore-Olomana-Central Oahu-Waianae Mountains-Lanai Mauka-Kahoolawe-
Maui Windward West-Maui Leeward West-Haleakala Summit-Kona-Kohala-
Big Island Interior-Kauai North-Kauai East-Kauai South-East Honolulu-
Honolulu Metro-Ewa Plain-Koolau Windward-Koolau Leeward-Molokai
Windward-Molokai Southeast-Molokai North-Molokai West-Molokai
Leeward South-Lanai Windward-Lanai Leeward-Lanai South-Maui Central
Valley North-Maui Central Valley South-Windward Haleakala-Kipahulu-
South Maui/Upcountry-South Haleakala-Big Island South-Big Island
Southeast-Big Island East-Big Island North-
233 AM HST Mon Dec 6 2021

...FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH TUESDAY AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...Flash flooding caused by excessive rainfall continues to be 
  possible.

* WHERE...Kauai, Niihau, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui, Kahoolawe and 
  the Big Island.

* WHEN...Through Tuesday afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Rain events of this size can cause catastrophic flooding 
  and affect areas that do not usually flood. Low spots in roads 
  will become dangerous and impassable due to severe runoff. Debris 
  in streams and gulches may clog bridges and culverts resulting in 
  dangerous flooding. Numerous landslides are expected in areas with 
  steep terrain.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - Periods of heavy rainfall will continue across the Hawaiian
    Islands as a kona low west of Kauai pulls up deep tropical
    moisture over the state. A large band of heavy showers
    associated with this low will slowly drift westward affecting
    all islands through Tuesday afternoon. Additional rainfall
    totals in the 5 to 10 inch range are expected with locally
    higher amounts possible.


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Be prepared to take action if a Flash Flood Warning is issued. If 
you experience heavy rain or rising waters, head to higher ground 
immediately.

A Flood Watch means that conditions are favorable for flash 
flooding. Flash Flooding is LIFE THREATENING. Do not cross fast 
flowing water in your vehicle or on foot.

&&

$$

RCB

601 
WGHW60 PHFO 070147
FFAHFO

Flood Watch
National Weather Service Honolulu HI
347 PM HST Mon Dec 6 2021

...FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH TUESDAY AFTERNOON FOR ALL 
HAWAIIAN ISLANDS...

HIZ001-003-004-006-007-009>011-015>018-022-023-026-027-029>054-
071600-
/O.CON.PHFO.FA.A.0002.000000T0000Z-211208T0400Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Niihau-Kauai Southwest-Kauai Mountains-Waianae Coast-Oahu North
Shore-Olomana-Central Oahu-Waianae Mountains-Lanai Mauka-Kahoolawe-
Maui Windward West-Maui Leeward West-Haleakala Summit-Kona-Kohala-
Big Island Interior-Kauai North-Kauai East-Kauai South-East Honolulu-
Honolulu Metro-Ewa Plain-Koolau Windward-Koolau Leeward-Molokai
Windward-Molokai Southeast-Molokai North-Molokai West-Molokai
Leeward South-Lanai Windward-Lanai Leeward-Lanai South-Maui Central
Valley North-Maui Central Valley South-Windward Haleakala-Kipahulu-
South Maui/Upcountry-South Haleakala-Big Island South-Big Island
Southeast-Big Island East-Big Island North-
347 PM HST Mon Dec 6 2021

...FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH TUESDAY AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...Flash flooding caused by excessive rainfall continues to be 
  possible.

* WHERE...Kauai, Niihau, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui, Kahoolawe and 
  the Big Island. While all islands may experience flash flooding, 
  the greatest threat will be on Oahu and Kauai tonight and Tuesday.

* WHEN...Through Tuesday afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Rain events of this size can cause catastrophic flooding 
  and affect areas that do not usually flood. Low spots in roads 
  will become dangerous and impassable due to severe runoff. Debris 
  in streams and gulches may clog bridges and culverts resulting in 
  dangerous flooding. Numerous landslides are expected in areas with 
  steep terrain.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - Periods of heavy rainfall will continue across the Hawaiian
    Islands as a kona low west of Kauai pulls up deep tropical
    moisture over the state. A large band of heavy showers
    associated with this low will affect Kauai and Oahu tonight
    and Tuesday, while heavy flooding rainfall could develop on
    the Big Island and Maui County. Additional rainfall totals of
    5 to 10 inches with locally higher amounts are possible on
    Kauai and Oahu.


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Be prepared to take action if a Flash Flood Warning is issued. If 
you experience heavy rain or rising waters, head to higher ground 
immediately.

A Flood Watch means that conditions are favorable for flash 
flooding. Flash Flooding is LIFE THREATENING. Do not cross fast 
flowing water in your vehicle or on foot.

&&

$$

WROE

310 
WGHW60 PHFO 070733
FFAHFO

Flood Watch
National Weather Service Honolulu HI
933 PM HST Mon Dec 6 2021

...FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH TUESDAY AFTERNOON FOR OAHU 
AND KAUAI COUNTY...
...FLOOD WATCH CANCELLED FOR MAUI AND HAWAII COUNTIES...

HIZ015>018-022-023-026-027-037>054-070845-
/O.CAN.PHFO.FA.A.0002.000000T0000Z-211208T0400Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Lanai Mauka-Kahoolawe-Maui Windward West-Maui Leeward West-Haleakala
Summit-Kona-Kohala-Big Island Interior-Molokai Windward-Molokai
Southeast-Molokai North-Molokai West-Molokai Leeward South-Lanai
Windward-Lanai Leeward-Lanai South-Maui Central Valley North-Maui
Central Valley South-Windward Haleakala-Kipahulu-South
Maui/Upcountry-South Haleakala-Big Island South-Big Island Southeast-
Big Island East-Big Island North-
933 PM HST Mon Dec 6 2021

...FLOOD WATCH IS CANCELLED...

The Flash Flood Watch is cancelled for Maui County and the Big 
Island.

The flash flooding threat has ended. Therefore, the Flash Flood 
Watch is being cancelled.

$$

HIZ001-003-004-006-007-009>011-029>036-071445-
/O.CON.PHFO.FA.A.0002.000000T0000Z-211208T0400Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Niihau-Kauai Southwest-Kauai Mountains-Waianae Coast-Oahu North
Shore-Olomana-Central Oahu-Waianae Mountains-Kauai North-Kauai East-
Kauai South-East Honolulu-Honolulu Metro-Ewa Plain-Koolau Windward-
Koolau Leeward-
933 PM HST Mon Dec 6 2021

...FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH TUESDAY AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...Flash flooding caused by excessive rainfall remains 
  possible.

* WHERE...Kauai, Niihau and Oahu.

* WHEN...Through Tuesday afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Rain events of this size can cause catastrophic flooding 
  and affect areas that do not usually flood. Low spots in roads 
  will become dangerous and impassable due to severe runoff. Debris in 
  streams and gulches may clog bridges and culverts resulting in 
  dangerous flooding. Numerous landslides are expected in areas with 
  steep terrain. Urban areas, especially on Oahu, may have severe 
  flooding.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - Periods of heavy rainfall will continue across Oahu and Kauai
    County as a kona low pulls deep tropical moisture over the
    western end of the island chain.


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Be prepared to take action if a Flash Flood Warning is issued. If 
you experience heavy rain or rising waters, head to higher ground 
immediately.

A Flood Watch means that conditions are favorable for flash 
flooding. Flash Flooding is LIFE THREATENING. Do not cross fast 
flowing water in your vehicle or on foot.

&&

$$

Birchard

209 
WGHW60 PHFO 071321
FFAHFO

Flood Watch
National Weather Service Honolulu HI
321 AM HST Tue Dec 7 2021

...FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH THIS AFTERNOON FOR OAHU AND 
KAUAI COUNTY...

HIZ001-003-004-006-007-009>011-029>036-080300-
/O.CON.PHFO.FA.A.0002.000000T0000Z-211208T0400Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Niihau-Kauai Southwest-Kauai Mountains-Waianae Coast-Oahu North
Shore-Olomana-Central Oahu-Waianae Mountains-Kauai North-Kauai East-
Kauai South-East Honolulu-Honolulu Metro-Ewa Plain-Koolau Windward-
Koolau Leeward-
321 AM HST Tue Dec 7 2021

...FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH THIS AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...Flash flooding caused by excessive rainfall remains 
  possible.

* WHERE...Kauai, Niihau and Oahu.

* WHEN...Through this afternoon.

* IMPACTS...Rain events of this size can cause catastrophic flooding 
  and affect areas that do not usually flood. Low spots in roads 
  will become dangerous and impassable due to severe runoff. Debris in 
  streams and gulches may clog bridges and culverts resulting in 
  dangerous flooding. Numerous landslides are expected in areas with 
  steep terrain. Additional heavy rainfall on Oahu could cause 
  severe flooding impacts, as six to ten inches of rain has fallen 
  over the entire island since Monday.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - Periods of heavy rainfall will continue across Oahu and Kauai
    County as a kona low pulls deep tropical moisture over the
    western end of the island chain.


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Be prepared to take action if a Flash Flood Warning is issued. If 
you experience heavy rain or rising waters, head to higher ground 
immediately.

A Flood Watch means that conditions are favorable for flash 
flooding. Flash Flooding is LIFE THREATENING. Do not cross fast 
flowing water in your vehicle or on foot.

&&

$$

Birchard

623 
WGHW60 PHFO 080022
FFAHFO

URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Flood Watch
National Weather Service Honolulu HI
222 PM HST Tue Dec 7 2021

...FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH 6 AM WEDNESDAY FOR KAUAI 
COUNTY...

HIZ006-007-009>011-032>036-080130-
/O.CAN.PHFO.FA.A.0002.000000T0000Z-211208T0400Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Waianae Coast-Oahu North Shore-Olomana-Central Oahu-Waianae
Mountains-East Honolulu-Honolulu Metro-Ewa Plain-Koolau Windward-
Koolau Leeward-
222 PM HST Tue Dec 7 2021

...FLOOD WATCH IS CANCELLED...

The Flash Flood Watch is cancelled for the island of Oahu in 
Honolulu County.

The flash flooding threat has ended. Therefore, the Flash Flood 
Watch is being cancelled.

$$

HIZ001-003-004-029>031-081430-
/O.EXT.PHFO.FA.A.0002.000000T0000Z-211208T1600Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Niihau-Kauai Southwest-Kauai Mountains-Kauai North-Kauai East-Kauai
South-
222 PM HST Tue Dec 7 2021

...FLOOD WATCH NOW IN EFFECT THROUGH 6 AM WEDNESDAY...

* WHAT...Flash flooding caused by excessive rainfall remains 
  possible.

* WHERE...Kauai and Niihau.

* WHEN...Through 6 AM WEDNESDAY.

* IMPACTS...Flood prone roads and other low lying areas may be 
  closed due to elevated runoff and overflowing streams. Urban areas 
  may receive more significant flooding and property damage due to 
  rapid runoff.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - Periods of heavy rainfall are possible over Kauai County
    tonight as a weakening kona low pulls deep tropical moisture
    over the western end of the island chain.


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Be prepared to take action if a Flash Flood Warning is issued. If 
you experience heavy rain or rising waters, head to higher ground 
immediately.

A Flood Watch means that conditions are favorable for flash 
flooding. Flash Flooding is LIFE THREATENING. Do not cross fast 
flowing water in your vehicle or on foot.

&&

$$

CLARK

450 
WGHW60 PHFO 081245
FFAHFO

Flood Watch
National Weather Service Honolulu HI
245 AM HST Wed Dec 8 2021

HIZ001-003-004-029>031-081345-
/O.CAN.PHFO.FA.A.0002.000000T0000Z-211208T1600Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Niihau-Kauai Southwest-Kauai Mountains-Kauai North-Kauai East-Kauai
South-
245 AM HST Wed Dec 8 2021

...FLOOD WATCH IS CANCELLED...

The Flash Flood Watch is cancelled for the islands of Kauai and 
Niihau in Kauai County.

Flooding is no longer expected to pose a threat.

$$

RCB

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this flood watch went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Honolulu, HI wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flood watch went out at Dec 2, 9:57 AM HST, 5 hours 7 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Dec 2, 9:57 AM HST, 5 hours 7 minutes before

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Honolulu HI
957 AM HST Thu Dec 2 2021

.SYNOPSIS...
Unsettled weather will persist through the forecast period. A weak
surface trough will linger over the west end of the state today. A
cold front will move across the island chain tonight and Friday,
then stall near the Big Island Saturday. Low pressure will drop
down toward the state later in the weekend and into early next
week, with wet weather expected across most of the state.

&&

.DISCUSSION...
A weak low level trough will linger over the west end of the
state today. Meanwhile a cold front will be approaching the area
from the northwest. Winds will turn southerly out ahead of the
front but generally remain on the light side. Random patches of
showers can be seen on radar imagery over the coastal waters thus
we expect some showers to form over land areas today once the land
heats up.

A cold front is forecast to reach Kauai tonight, then move across
the island chain Friday before stalling near the Big Island
Friday night and Saturday. The front will be accompanied by a band
of showers, and possibly a few thunderstorms, as it moves down
the island chain. Cool northerly flow will fill in behind the
front, with showers becoming focused over north facing slopes.
Post- frontal winds may be strong enough over Kauai to warrant a
Wind Advisory there. Expect showers, and possible thunderstorms,
to continue along the front as it stalls near the Big island. Very
strong winds are expected to develop over the Big Island summits
by Friday night, then continue into early next week. A High Wind
Watch is now in effect for the Big Island summits for Friday night
through Sunday night. Snow is expected at the summits as well as
the front reaches the Big Island, and a Winter Storm Watch is now
in effect from Friday night through Saturday night.

A deep low will drop southward, beginning Friday, to a position
just north and west of Kauai over the weekend. Associated
instability, along with low level convergence, will increase
rainfall chances for a good portion of the state Sunday through
Tuesday. However with this type of weather scenario, it is very
difficult to pin down impact details. Heavy rainfall will be a
threat and shower bands may line up over portions of the state for
extended periods of time, increasing the threat for flooding. A
Hydrologic Outlook is currently posted for this event, and a Flash
Flood Watch will likely be issued as we get closer to onset.
Winds will be blowing from the south and southwest later this
weekend into early next week. Some areas over and downwind of
terrain may see locally gusty winds at times.

&&

.AVIATION...
This morning, a surface trough is located in the vicinity of the
Kauai Channel where it will remain throughout the day today.
Additionally, a cold front that is currently located north of
Kauai will remain north of the state today but then track across
Kauai this evening and eastward to Oahu and Maui County overnight
through tomorrow morning before stalling near the Big Island
by late tomorrow.

Mid-morning satellite imagery and surface observations depict
fairly benign weather across the islands with VFR flight
conditions statewide. Ahead of the front as it approaches, winds
will veer south and southwest before switching around to become
strong and out of the north behind the front. As winds turn
southerly, clouds and showers are expected to increase across the
islands. Although no AIRMETs are in effect at this time, AIRMET
Sierra for tempo mountain obscuration may be needed by this
afternoon for some locations as clouds and showers increase. Post-
frontal clouds and showers later in the forecast period could
contain IFR ceilings and visibilities, prompting additional
AIRMETs for extensive mountain obscuration. With strong winds
moving in behind the front later this evening and overnight,
AIRMET Tango will also eventually be needed for mechanical turbulence
and sustained wind speeds in excess of 30kts.

&&

.MARINE...
A nearly stationary N-S oriented trough across the western
portion of the island chain will move little through tonight,
until a vigorous cold front moving in from the NW pushes the
trough eastward. Relatively light and variable winds today will
turn toward the N and increase markedly as the front moves down
the island chain Friday and Friday night. The front is expected to
stall near the Big Island Friday night and Saturday as a strong
low aloft develops near Kauai. The low aloft will spawn a slow-
moving surface low just W of Kauai Saturday night, with this kona
low lingering near the islands for at least several days. A
convergence band E of the low will lie over the islands, with a
strong potential for unsettled weather.

As the low develops, Friday's strong to gale force NW to N winds
will shift to the W and weaken on Saturday, then shift to the SW
and S and strengthen on Sunday. Although confidence is not all
that high, generally expecting low pressure to linger W of Kauai
through the middle of next week, keeping a southerly flow in place
over the area.

As the front initially moves down the island chain, strong and
gusty winds are expected, especially in and near any heavy showers
or thunderstorms that develop, with the potential for strong
thunderstorms. A Gale Watch is posted for waters around Kauai as
winds surge on Friday, with winds and seas ramping up to the point
that a Small Craft Advisory (SCA) will be required for nearly all
waters on Friday. Although winds will ease on Saturday, combined
seas will be well above the 10 foot threshold for SCA.

The current moderate NW swell will persist through this evening.
Locally generated wind waves plus a building NNW swell with a
period of 10-11 seconds is expected Friday. This swell will shift
to the N and continue to grow through the weekend as the period
increases. This large N swell will likely generate surf heights
close to 25 feet along N facing shores, requiring a High Surf
Warning. High tide early Saturday and Sunday could lead to
some wave runup in some coastal areas. This swell will also lead
to significant harbor surges in both Kahului and Hilo harbors.

Expect minimal surf along E facing shores through Friday, with
some increase this weekend as the large NNW swell turns to the N,
allowing some swell to wrap around the islands. Surf along S
facing shores will rise slightly over the weekend and early next
week due to locally generated wind waves. A small, long-period S
swell is also expected.

&&

.HFO WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
High Wind Watch from Friday evening through late Sunday night
for Big Island Summits.

Winter Storm Watch from Friday evening through late Saturday
night for Big Island Summits.

Gale Watch from Friday morning through Friday afternoon for
Kauai Northwest Waters-Kauai Windward Waters-Kauai Leeward
Waters-Kauai Channel.

&&

DISCUSSION...Burke
AVIATION...Vaughan
MARINE...Birchard

The office that day

Everything else NWS Honolulu, HI issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Dec 2, 3:24 PM HST	Areal Flood Advisory	HFO	Kauai	3 hr
Dec 2, 3:26 PM HST	Blizzard Warning	HFO	Hawaii	3 days
Dec 2, 3:26 PM HST	High Wind Warning	HFO	Hawaii, Kalawao	3 days
Dec 2, 3:26 PM HST	Wind Advisory	HFO	Kauai, Kalawao	44 hr
Dec 2, 3:32 PM HST	Gale Warning	HFO		30 hr
Dec 2, 3:32 PM HST	Small Craft Advisory	HFO		14 days
Dec 2, 4:02 PM HST	Areal Flood Advisory	HFO	Hawaii	3 hr
Dec 3, 5:16 AM HST	Areal Flood Advisory	HFO	Kalawao	3 hr
Dec 3, 9:08 AM HST	High Surf Warning	HFO	Hawaii, Honolulu, Kauai, Kalawao	66 hr
Dec 3, 9:08 AM HST	High Surf Advisory	HFO	Hawaii, Honolulu, Kauai, Kalawao	66 hr
Dec 3, 1:32 PM HST	Areal Flood Advisory	HFO	Kalawao	3 hr

Nearby

Flood Watches in Hawaii, 2021 Every flood watch in 2021

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.